Update changelog.

[youtubedl] / youtube_dl / YoutubeDL.py

diff --git a/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py b/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py
index e844dc98a5b3915070ffae079395233de7ed04f7..523dd1f7daf80839839d7b8a014f86897640b425 100755 (executable)
--- a/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 #!/usr/bin/env python

-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# coding: utf-8

 
 from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
 
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
 


@@ -24,14 +24,17 @@ import sys
 import time
 import tokenize
 import traceback
 import time
 import tokenize
 import traceback

+import random
+
+from string import ascii_letters

 
 from .compat import (
     compat_basestring,
     compat_cookiejar,
 
 from .compat import (
     compat_basestring,
     compat_cookiejar,

-    compat_expanduser,

     compat_get_terminal_size,
     compat_http_client,
     compat_kwargs,
     compat_get_terminal_size,
     compat_http_client,
     compat_kwargs,

+    compat_numeric_types,

     compat_os_name,
     compat_str,
     compat_tokenize_tokenize,
     compat_os_name,
     compat_str,
     compat_tokenize_tokenize,


@@ -52,12 +55,17 @@ from .utils import (
     encode_compat_str,
     encodeFilename,
     error_to_compat_str,
     encode_compat_str,
     encodeFilename,
     error_to_compat_str,

+    expand_path,

     ExtractorError,
     format_bytes,
     formatSeconds,
     ExtractorError,
     format_bytes,
     formatSeconds,

+    GeoRestrictedError,
+    int_or_none,
+    ISO3166Utils,

     locked_file,
     make_HTTPS_handler,
     MaxDownloadsReached,
     locked_file,
     make_HTTPS_handler,
     MaxDownloadsReached,

+    orderedSet,

     PagedList,
     parse_filesize,
     PerRequestProxyHandler,
     PagedList,
     parse_filesize,
     PerRequestProxyHandler,


@@ -85,6 +93,7 @@ from .utils import (
 )
 from .cache import Cache
 from .extractor import get_info_extractor, gen_extractor_classes, _LAZY_LOADER
 )
 from .cache import Cache
 from .extractor import get_info_extractor, gen_extractor_classes, _LAZY_LOADER

+from .extractor.openload import PhantomJSwrapper

 from .downloader import get_suitable_downloader
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
 from .postprocessor import (
 from .downloader import get_suitable_downloader
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
 from .postprocessor import (


@@ -131,6 +140,9 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     username:          Username for authentication purposes.
     password:          Password for authentication purposes.
     videopassword:     Password for accessing a video.
     username:          Username for authentication purposes.
     password:          Password for authentication purposes.
     videopassword:     Password for accessing a video.

+    ap_mso:            Adobe Pass multiple-system operator identifier.
+    ap_username:       Multiple-system operator account username.
+    ap_password:       Multiple-system operator account password.

     usenetrc:          Use netrc for authentication instead.
     verbose:           Print additional info to stdout.
     quiet:             Do not print messages to stdout.
     usenetrc:          Use netrc for authentication instead.
     verbose:           Print additional info to stdout.
     quiet:             Do not print messages to stdout.


@@ -156,6 +168,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     playlistend:       Playlist item to end at.
     playlist_items:    Specific indices of playlist to download.
     playlistreverse:   Download playlist items in reverse order.
     playlistend:       Playlist item to end at.
     playlist_items:    Specific indices of playlist to download.
     playlistreverse:   Download playlist items in reverse order.

+    playlistrandom:    Download playlist items in random order.

     matchtitle:        Download only matching titles.
     rejecttitle:       Reject downloads for matching titles.
     logger:            Log messages to a logging.Logger instance.
     matchtitle:        Download only matching titles.
     rejecttitle:       Reject downloads for matching titles.
     logger:            Log messages to a logging.Logger instance.


@@ -267,6 +280,12 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                        If it returns None, the video is downloaded.
                        match_filter_func in utils.py is one example for this.
     no_color:          Do not emit color codes in output.
                        If it returns None, the video is downloaded.
                        match_filter_func in utils.py is one example for this.
     no_color:          Do not emit color codes in output.

+    geo_bypass:        Bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For
+                       HTTP header (experimental)
+    geo_bypass_country:
+                       Two-letter ISO 3166-2 country code that will be used for
+                       explicit geographic restriction bypassing via faking
+                       X-Forwarded-For HTTP header (experimental)

 
     The following options determine which downloader is picked:
     external_downloader: Executable of the external downloader to call.
 
     The following options determine which downloader is picked:
     external_downloader: Executable of the external downloader to call.


@@ -279,15 +298,33 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     the downloader (see youtube_dl/downloader/common.py):
     nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, min_filesize, max_filesize, test,
     noresizebuffer, retries, continuedl, noprogress, consoletitle,
     the downloader (see youtube_dl/downloader/common.py):
     nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, min_filesize, max_filesize, test,
     noresizebuffer, retries, continuedl, noprogress, consoletitle,

-    xattr_set_filesize, external_downloader_args, hls_use_mpegts.
+    xattr_set_filesize, external_downloader_args, hls_use_mpegts,
+    http_chunk_size.

 
     The following options are used by the post processors:
     prefer_ffmpeg:     If True, use ffmpeg instead of avconv if both are available,
                        otherwise prefer avconv.
     postprocessor_args: A list of additional command-line arguments for the
                         postprocessor.
 
     The following options are used by the post processors:
     prefer_ffmpeg:     If True, use ffmpeg instead of avconv if both are available,
                        otherwise prefer avconv.
     postprocessor_args: A list of additional command-line arguments for the
                         postprocessor.

+
+    The following options are used by the Youtube extractor:
+    youtube_include_dash_manifest: If True (default), DASH manifests and related
+                        data will be downloaded and processed by extractor.
+                        You can reduce network I/O by disabling it if you don't
+                        care about DASH.

     """
 
     """
 

+    _NUMERIC_FIELDS = set((
+        'width', 'height', 'tbr', 'abr', 'asr', 'vbr', 'fps', 'filesize', 'filesize_approx',
+        'timestamp', 'upload_year', 'upload_month', 'upload_day',
+        'duration', 'view_count', 'like_count', 'dislike_count', 'repost_count',
+        'average_rating', 'comment_count', 'age_limit',
+        'start_time', 'end_time',
+        'chapter_number', 'season_number', 'episode_number',
+        'track_number', 'disc_number', 'release_year',
+        'playlist_index',
+    ))
+

     params = None
     _ies = []
     _pps = []
     params = None
     _ies = []
     _pps = []


@@ -314,11 +351,21 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         self.params.update(params)
         self.cache = Cache(self)
 
         self.params.update(params)
         self.cache = Cache(self)
 

-        if self.params.get('cn_verification_proxy') is not None:
-            self.report_warning('--cn-verification-proxy is deprecated. Use --geo-verification-proxy instead.')
+        def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
+            if self.params.get(param) is not None:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    '%s is deprecated. Use %s instead.' % (option, suggestion))
+                return True
+            return False
+
+        if check_deprecated('cn_verification_proxy', '--cn-verification-proxy', '--geo-verification-proxy'):

             if self.params.get('geo_verification_proxy') is None:
                 self.params['geo_verification_proxy'] = self.params['cn_verification_proxy']
 
             if self.params.get('geo_verification_proxy') is None:
                 self.params['geo_verification_proxy'] = self.params['cn_verification_proxy']
 

+        check_deprecated('autonumber_size', '--autonumber-size', 'output template with %(autonumber)0Nd, where N in the number of digits')
+        check_deprecated('autonumber', '--auto-number', '-o "%(autonumber)s-%(title)s.%(ext)s"')
+        check_deprecated('usetitle', '--title', '-o "%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"')
+

         if params.get('bidi_workaround', False):
             try:
                 import pty
         if params.get('bidi_workaround', False):
             try:
                 import pty


@@ -346,10 +393,10 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 else:
                     raise
 
                 else:
                     raise
 

-        if (sys.version_info >= (3,) and sys.platform != 'win32' and
+        if (sys.platform != 'win32' and

                 sys.getfilesystemencoding() in ['ascii', 'ANSI_X3.4-1968'] and
                 not params.get('restrictfilenames', False)):
                 sys.getfilesystemencoding() in ['ascii', 'ANSI_X3.4-1968'] and
                 not params.get('restrictfilenames', False)):

-            # On Python 3, the Unicode filesystem API will throw errors (#1474)
+            # Unicode filesystem API will throw errors (#1474, #13027)

             self.report_warning(
                 'Assuming --restrict-filenames since file system encoding '
                 'cannot encode all characters. '
             self.report_warning(
                 'Assuming --restrict-filenames since file system encoding '
                 'cannot encode all characters. '


@@ -474,24 +521,25 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     def to_console_title(self, message):
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return
     def to_console_title(self, message):
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return

-        if compat_os_name == 'nt' and ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
-            # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
-            # already of type unicode()
-            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))
+        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+            if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
+                # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
+                # already of type unicode()
+                ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))

         elif 'TERM' in os.environ:
             self._write_string('\033]0;%s\007' % message, self._screen_file)
 
     def save_console_title(self):
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return
         elif 'TERM' in os.environ:
             self._write_string('\033]0;%s\007' % message, self._screen_file)
 
     def save_console_title(self):
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return

-        if 'TERM' in os.environ:
+        if compat_os_name != 'nt' and 'TERM' in os.environ:

             # Save the title on stack
             self._write_string('\033[22;0t', self._screen_file)
 
     def restore_console_title(self):
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return
             # Save the title on stack
             self._write_string('\033[22;0t', self._screen_file)
 
     def restore_console_title(self):
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
             return

-        if 'TERM' in os.environ:
+        if compat_os_name != 'nt' and 'TERM' in os.environ:

             # Restore the title from stack
             self._write_string('\033[23;0t', self._screen_file)
 
             # Restore the title from stack
             self._write_string('\033[23;0t', self._screen_file)
 


@@ -580,10 +628,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             autonumber_size = self.params.get('autonumber_size')
             if autonumber_size is None:
                 autonumber_size = 5
             autonumber_size = self.params.get('autonumber_size')
             if autonumber_size is None:
                 autonumber_size = 5

-            autonumber_templ = '%0' + str(autonumber_size) + 'd'
-            template_dict['autonumber'] = autonumber_templ % self._num_downloads
-            if template_dict.get('playlist_index') is not None:
-                template_dict['playlist_index'] = '%0*d' % (len(str(template_dict['n_entries'])), template_dict['playlist_index'])
+            template_dict['autonumber'] = self.params.get('autonumber_start', 1) - 1 + self._num_downloads

             if template_dict.get('resolution') is None:
                 if template_dict.get('width') and template_dict.get('height'):
                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (template_dict['width'], template_dict['height'])
             if template_dict.get('resolution') is None:
                 if template_dict.get('width') and template_dict.get('height'):
                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (template_dict['width'], template_dict['height'])


@@ -595,15 +640,64 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             sanitize = lambda k, v: sanitize_filename(
                 compat_str(v),
                 restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames'),
             sanitize = lambda k, v: sanitize_filename(
                 compat_str(v),
                 restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames'),

-                is_id=(k == 'id'))
-            template_dict = dict((k, sanitize(k, v))
+                is_id=(k == 'id' or k.endswith('_id')))
+            template_dict = dict((k, v if isinstance(v, compat_numeric_types) else sanitize(k, v))

                                  for k, v in template_dict.items()
                                  if v is not None and not isinstance(v, (list, tuple, dict)))
             template_dict = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 'NA', template_dict)
 
             outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
                                  for k, v in template_dict.items()
                                  if v is not None and not isinstance(v, (list, tuple, dict)))
             template_dict = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 'NA', template_dict)
 
             outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)

-            tmpl = compat_expanduser(outtmpl)
-            filename = tmpl % template_dict
+
+            # For fields playlist_index and autonumber convert all occurrences
+            # of %(field)s to %(field)0Nd for backward compatibility
+            field_size_compat_map = {
+                'playlist_index': len(str(template_dict['n_entries'])),
+                'autonumber': autonumber_size,
+            }
+            FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE = r'(?<!%)%\((?P<field>autonumber|playlist_index)\)s'
+            mobj = re.search(FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE, outtmpl)
+            if mobj:
+                outtmpl = re.sub(
+                    FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE,
+                    r'%%(\1)0%dd' % field_size_compat_map[mobj.group('field')],
+                    outtmpl)
+
+            # Missing numeric fields used together with integer presentation types
+            # in format specification will break the argument substitution since
+            # string 'NA' is returned for missing fields. We will patch output
+            # template for missing fields to meet string presentation type.
+            for numeric_field in self._NUMERIC_FIELDS:
+                if numeric_field not in template_dict:
+                    # As of [1] format syntax is:
+                    #  %[mapping_key][conversion_flags][minimum_width][.precision][length_modifier]type
+                    # 1. https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting
+                    FORMAT_RE = r'''(?x)
+                        (?<!%)
+                        %
+                        \({0}\)  # mapping key
+                        (?:[#0\-+ ]+)?  # conversion flags (optional)
+                        (?:\d+)?  # minimum field width (optional)
+                        (?:\.\d+)?  # precision (optional)
+                        [hlL]?  # length modifier (optional)
+                        [diouxXeEfFgGcrs%]  # conversion type
+                    '''
+                    outtmpl = re.sub(
+                        FORMAT_RE.format(numeric_field),
+                        r'%({0})s'.format(numeric_field), outtmpl)
+
+            # expand_path translates '%%' into '%' and '$$' into '$'
+            # correspondingly that is not what we want since we need to keep
+            # '%%' intact for template dict substitution step. Working around
+            # with boundary-alike separator hack.
+            sep = ''.join([random.choice(ascii_letters) for _ in range(32)])
+            outtmpl = outtmpl.replace('%%', '%{0}%'.format(sep)).replace('$$', '${0}$'.format(sep))
+
+            # outtmpl should be expand_path'ed before template dict substitution
+            # because meta fields may contain env variables we don't want to
+            # be expanded. For example, for outtmpl "%(title)s.%(ext)s" and
+            # title "Hello $PATH", we don't want `$PATH` to be expanded.
+            filename = expand_path(outtmpl).replace(sep, '') % template_dict
+

             # Temporary fix for #4787
             # 'Treat' all problem characters by passing filename through preferredencoding
             # to workaround encoding issues with subprocess on python2 @ Windows
             # Temporary fix for #4787
             # 'Treat' all problem characters by passing filename through preferredencoding
             # to workaround encoding issues with subprocess on python2 @ Windows


@@ -702,6 +796,14 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                     return self.process_ie_result(ie_result, download, extra_info)
                 else:
                     return ie_result
                     return self.process_ie_result(ie_result, download, extra_info)
                 else:
                     return ie_result

+            except GeoRestrictedError as e:
+                msg = e.msg
+                if e.countries:
+                    msg += '\nThis video is available in %s.' % ', '.join(
+                        map(ISO3166Utils.short2full, e.countries))
+                msg += '\nYou might want to use a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy) to workaround.'
+                self.report_error(msg)
+                break

             except ExtractorError as e:  # An error we somewhat expected
                 self.report_error(compat_str(e), e.format_traceback())
                 break
             except ExtractorError as e:  # An error we somewhat expected
                 self.report_error(compat_str(e), e.format_traceback())
                 break


@@ -759,19 +861,32 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 ie_result['url'], ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
                 extra_info=extra_info, download=False, process=False)
 
                 ie_result['url'], ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
                 extra_info=extra_info, download=False, process=False)
 

+            # extract_info may return None when ignoreerrors is enabled and
+            # extraction failed with an error, don't crash and return early
+            # in this case
+            if not info:
+                return info
+

             force_properties = dict(
                 (k, v) for k, v in ie_result.items() if v is not None)
             force_properties = dict(
                 (k, v) for k, v in ie_result.items() if v is not None)

-            for f in ('_type', 'url', 'ie_key'):
+            for f in ('_type', 'url', 'id', 'extractor', 'extractor_key', 'ie_key'):

                 if f in force_properties:
                     del force_properties[f]
             new_result = info.copy()
             new_result.update(force_properties)
 
                 if f in force_properties:
                     del force_properties[f]
             new_result = info.copy()
             new_result.update(force_properties)
 

-            assert new_result.get('_type') != 'url_transparent'
+            # Extracted info may not be a video result (i.e.
+            # info.get('_type', 'video') != video) but rather an url or
+            # url_transparent. In such cases outer metadata (from ie_result)
+            # should be propagated to inner one (info). For this to happen
+            # _type of info should be overridden with url_transparent. This
+            # fixes issue from https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/11163.
+            if new_result.get('_type') == 'url':
+                new_result['_type'] = 'url_transparent'

 
             return self.process_ie_result(
                 new_result, download=download, extra_info=extra_info)
 
             return self.process_ie_result(
                 new_result, download=download, extra_info=extra_info)

-        elif result_type == 'playlist' or result_type == 'multi_video':
+        elif result_type in ('playlist', 'multi_video'):

             # We process each entry in the playlist
             playlist = ie_result.get('title') or ie_result.get('id')
             self.to_screen('[download] Downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)
             # We process each entry in the playlist
             playlist = ie_result.get('title') or ie_result.get('id')
             self.to_screen('[download] Downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)


@@ -795,15 +910,25 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                                 yield int(item)
                         else:
                             yield int(string_segment)
                                 yield int(item)
                         else:
                             yield int(string_segment)

-                playlistitems = iter_playlistitems(playlistitems_str)
+                playlistitems = orderedSet(iter_playlistitems(playlistitems_str))

 
             ie_entries = ie_result['entries']
 
             ie_entries = ie_result['entries']

+
+            def make_playlistitems_entries(list_ie_entries):
+                num_entries = len(list_ie_entries)
+                return [
+                    list_ie_entries[i - 1] for i in playlistitems
+                    if -num_entries <= i - 1 < num_entries]
+
+            def report_download(num_entries):
+                self.to_screen(
+                    '[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos' %
+                    (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, num_entries))
+

             if isinstance(ie_entries, list):
                 n_all_entries = len(ie_entries)
                 if playlistitems:
             if isinstance(ie_entries, list):
                 n_all_entries = len(ie_entries)
                 if playlistitems:

-                    entries = [
-                        ie_entries[i - 1] for i in playlistitems
-                        if -n_all_entries <= i - 1 < n_all_entries]
+                    entries = make_playlistitems_entries(ie_entries)

                 else:
                     entries = ie_entries[playliststart:playlistend]
                 n_entries = len(entries)
                 else:
                     entries = ie_entries[playliststart:playlistend]
                 n_entries = len(entries)


@@ -821,31 +946,38 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                     entries = ie_entries.getslice(
                         playliststart, playlistend)
                 n_entries = len(entries)
                     entries = ie_entries.getslice(
                         playliststart, playlistend)
                 n_entries = len(entries)

-                self.to_screen(
-                    '[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos' %
-                    (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_entries))
+                report_download(n_entries)

             else:  # iterable
                 if playlistitems:
             else:  # iterable
                 if playlistitems:

-                    entry_list = list(ie_entries)
-                    entries = [entry_list[i - 1] for i in playlistitems]
+                    entries = make_playlistitems_entries(list(itertools.islice(
+                        ie_entries, 0, max(playlistitems))))

                 else:
                     entries = list(itertools.islice(
                         ie_entries, playliststart, playlistend))
                 n_entries = len(entries)
                 else:
                     entries = list(itertools.islice(
                         ie_entries, playliststart, playlistend))
                 n_entries = len(entries)

-                self.to_screen(
-                    '[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos' %
-                    (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_entries))
+                report_download(n_entries)

 
             if self.params.get('playlistreverse', False):
                 entries = entries[::-1]
 
 
             if self.params.get('playlistreverse', False):
                 entries = entries[::-1]
 

+            if self.params.get('playlistrandom', False):
+                random.shuffle(entries)
+
+            x_forwarded_for = ie_result.get('__x_forwarded_for_ip')
+

             for i, entry in enumerate(entries, 1):
                 self.to_screen('[download] Downloading video %s of %s' % (i, n_entries))
             for i, entry in enumerate(entries, 1):
                 self.to_screen('[download] Downloading video %s of %s' % (i, n_entries))

+                # This __x_forwarded_for_ip thing is a bit ugly but requires
+                # minimal changes
+                if x_forwarded_for:
+                    entry['__x_forwarded_for_ip'] = x_forwarded_for

                 extra = {
                     'n_entries': n_entries,
                     'playlist': playlist,
                     'playlist_id': ie_result.get('id'),
                     'playlist_title': ie_result.get('title'),
                 extra = {
                     'n_entries': n_entries,
                     'playlist': playlist,
                     'playlist_id': ie_result.get('id'),
                     'playlist_title': ie_result.get('title'),

+                    'playlist_uploader': ie_result.get('uploader'),
+                    'playlist_uploader_id': ie_result.get('uploader_id'),

                     'playlist_index': i + playliststart,
                     'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
                     'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
                     'playlist_index': i + playliststart,
                     'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
                     'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],


@@ -901,7 +1033,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             '!=': operator.ne,
         }
         operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
             '!=': operator.ne,
         }
         operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*

-            (?P<key>width|height|tbr|abr|vbr|asr|filesize|fps)
+            (?P<key>width|height|tbr|abr|vbr|asr|filesize|filesize_approx|fps)

             \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
             (?P<value>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)
             $
             \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
             (?P<value>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)
             $


@@ -949,6 +1081,30 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
         return _filter
 
             return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
         return _filter
 

+    def _default_format_spec(self, info_dict, download=True):
+
+        def can_merge():
+            merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
+            return merger.available and merger.can_merge()
+
+        def prefer_best():
+            if self.params.get('simulate', False):
+                return False
+            if not download:
+                return False
+            if self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL) == '-':
+                return True
+            if info_dict.get('is_live'):
+                return True
+            if not can_merge():
+                return True
+            return False
+
+        req_format_list = ['bestvideo+bestaudio', 'best']
+        if prefer_best():
+            req_format_list.reverse()
+        return '/'.join(req_format_list)
+

     def build_format_selector(self, format_spec):
         def syntax_error(note, start):
             message = (
     def build_format_selector(self, format_spec):
         def syntax_error(note, start):
             message = (


@@ -1225,6 +1381,11 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if cookies:
             res['Cookie'] = cookies
 
         if cookies:
             res['Cookie'] = cookies
 

+        if 'X-Forwarded-For' not in res:
+            x_forwarded_for_ip = info_dict.get('__x_forwarded_for_ip')
+            if x_forwarded_for_ip:
+                res['X-Forwarded-For'] = x_forwarded_for_ip
+

         return res
 
     def _calc_cookies(self, info_dict):
         return res
 
     def _calc_cookies(self, info_dict):


@@ -1240,9 +1401,28 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if 'title' not in info_dict:
             raise ExtractorError('Missing "title" field in extractor result')
 
         if 'title' not in info_dict:
             raise ExtractorError('Missing "title" field in extractor result')
 

-        if not isinstance(info_dict['id'], compat_str):
-            self.report_warning('"id" field is not a string - forcing string conversion')
-            info_dict['id'] = compat_str(info_dict['id'])
+        def report_force_conversion(field, field_not, conversion):
+            self.report_warning(
+                '"%s" field is not %s - forcing %s conversion, there is an error in extractor'
+                % (field, field_not, conversion))
+
+        def sanitize_string_field(info, string_field):
+            field = info.get(string_field)
+            if field is None or isinstance(field, compat_str):
+                return
+            report_force_conversion(string_field, 'a string', 'string')
+            info[string_field] = compat_str(field)
+
+        def sanitize_numeric_fields(info):
+            for numeric_field in self._NUMERIC_FIELDS:
+                field = info.get(numeric_field)
+                if field is None or isinstance(field, compat_numeric_types):
+                    continue
+                report_force_conversion(numeric_field, 'numeric', 'int')
+                info[numeric_field] = int_or_none(field)
+
+        sanitize_string_field(info_dict, 'id')
+        sanitize_numeric_fields(info_dict)

 
         if 'playlist' not in info_dict:
             # It isn't part of a playlist
 
         if 'playlist' not in info_dict:
             # It isn't part of a playlist


@@ -1256,8 +1436,10 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 info_dict['thumbnails'] = thumbnails = [{'url': thumbnail}]
         if thumbnails:
             thumbnails.sort(key=lambda t: (
                 info_dict['thumbnails'] = thumbnails = [{'url': thumbnail}]
         if thumbnails:
             thumbnails.sort(key=lambda t: (

-                t.get('preference'), t.get('width'), t.get('height'),
-                t.get('id'), t.get('url')))
+                t.get('preference') if t.get('preference') is not None else -1,
+                t.get('width') if t.get('width') is not None else -1,
+                t.get('height') if t.get('height') is not None else -1,
+                t.get('id') if t.get('id') is not None else '', t.get('url')))

             for i, t in enumerate(thumbnails):
                 t['url'] = sanitize_url(t['url'])
                 if t.get('width') and t.get('height'):
             for i, t in enumerate(thumbnails):
                 t['url'] = sanitize_url(t['url'])
                 if t.get('width') and t.get('height'):


@@ -1299,7 +1481,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 for subtitle_format in subtitle:
                     if subtitle_format.get('url'):
                         subtitle_format['url'] = sanitize_url(subtitle_format['url'])
                 for subtitle_format in subtitle:
                     if subtitle_format.get('url'):
                         subtitle_format['url'] = sanitize_url(subtitle_format['url'])

-                    if 'ext' not in subtitle_format:
+                    if subtitle_format.get('ext') is None:

                         subtitle_format['ext'] = determine_ext(subtitle_format['url']).lower()
 
         if self.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
                         subtitle_format['ext'] = determine_ext(subtitle_format['url']).lower()
 
         if self.params.get('listsubtitles', False):


@@ -1321,20 +1503,32 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if not formats:
             raise ExtractorError('No video formats found!')
 
         if not formats:
             raise ExtractorError('No video formats found!')
 

+        def is_wellformed(f):
+            url = f.get('url')
+            if not url:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    '"url" field is missing or empty - skipping format, '
+                    'there is an error in extractor')
+                return False
+            if isinstance(url, bytes):
+                sanitize_string_field(f, 'url')
+            return True
+
+        # Filter out malformed formats for better extraction robustness
+        formats = list(filter(is_wellformed, formats))
+

         formats_dict = {}
 
         # We check that all the formats have the format and format_id fields
         for i, format in enumerate(formats):
         formats_dict = {}
 
         # We check that all the formats have the format and format_id fields
         for i, format in enumerate(formats):

-            if 'url' not in format:
-                raise ExtractorError('Missing "url" key in result (index %d)' % i)
-
+            sanitize_string_field(format, 'format_id')
+            sanitize_numeric_fields(format)

             format['url'] = sanitize_url(format['url'])
             format['url'] = sanitize_url(format['url'])

-
-            if format.get('format_id') is None:
+            if not format.get('format_id'):

                 format['format_id'] = compat_str(i)
             else:
                 # Sanitize format_id from characters used in format selector expression
                 format['format_id'] = compat_str(i)
             else:
                 # Sanitize format_id from characters used in format selector expression

-                format['format_id'] = re.sub('[\s,/+\[\]()]', '_', format['format_id'])
+                format['format_id'] = re.sub(r'[\s,/+\[\]()]', '_', format['format_id'])

             format_id = format['format_id']
             if format_id not in formats_dict:
                 formats_dict[format_id] = []
             format_id = format['format_id']
             if format_id not in formats_dict:
                 formats_dict[format_id] = []


@@ -1354,17 +1548,20 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                     note=' ({0})'.format(format['format_note']) if format.get('format_note') is not None else '',
                 )
             # Automatically determine file extension if missing
                     note=' ({0})'.format(format['format_note']) if format.get('format_note') is not None else '',
                 )
             # Automatically determine file extension if missing

-            if 'ext' not in format:
+            if format.get('ext') is None:

                 format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
             # Automatically determine protocol if missing (useful for format
             # selection purposes)
                 format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
             # Automatically determine protocol if missing (useful for format
             # selection purposes)

-            if 'protocol' not in format:
+            if format.get('protocol') is None:

                 format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
             # Add HTTP headers, so that external programs can use them from the
             # json output
             full_format_info = info_dict.copy()
             full_format_info.update(format)
             format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(full_format_info)
                 format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
             # Add HTTP headers, so that external programs can use them from the
             # json output
             full_format_info = info_dict.copy()
             full_format_info.update(format)
             format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(full_format_info)

+        # Remove private housekeeping stuff
+        if '__x_forwarded_for_ip' in info_dict:
+            del info_dict['__x_forwarded_for_ip']

 
         # TODO Central sorting goes here
 
 
         # TODO Central sorting goes here
 


@@ -1380,14 +1577,10 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
 
         req_format = self.params.get('format')
         if req_format is None:
 
         req_format = self.params.get('format')
         if req_format is None:

-            req_format_list = []
-            if (self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL) != '-' and
-                    not info_dict.get('is_live')):
-                merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
-                if merger.available and merger.can_merge():
-                    req_format_list.append('bestvideo+bestaudio')
-            req_format_list.append('best')
-            req_format = '/'.join(req_format_list)
+            req_format = self._default_format_spec(info_dict, download=download)
+            if self.params.get('verbose'):
+                self.to_stdout('[debug] Default format spec: %s' % req_format)
+

         format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
 
         # While in format selection we may need to have an access to the original
         format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
 
         # While in format selection we may need to have an access to the original


@@ -1539,12 +1732,17 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if filename is None:
             return
 
         if filename is None:
             return
 

-        try:
-            dn = os.path.dirname(sanitize_path(encodeFilename(filename)))
-            if dn and not os.path.exists(dn):
-                os.makedirs(dn)
-        except (OSError, IOError) as err:
-            self.report_error('unable to create directory ' + error_to_compat_str(err))
+        def ensure_dir_exists(path):
+            try:
+                dn = os.path.dirname(path)
+                if dn and not os.path.exists(dn):
+                    os.makedirs(dn)
+                return True
+            except (OSError, IOError) as err:
+                self.report_error('unable to create directory ' + error_to_compat_str(err))
+                return False
+
+        if not ensure_dir_exists(sanitize_path(encodeFilename(filename))):

             return
 
         if self.params.get('writedescription', False):
             return
 
         if self.params.get('writedescription', False):


@@ -1587,29 +1785,30 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
             ie = self.get_info_extractor(info_dict['extractor_key'])
             for sub_lang, sub_info in subtitles.items():
                 sub_format = sub_info['ext']
             ie = self.get_info_extractor(info_dict['extractor_key'])
             for sub_lang, sub_info in subtitles.items():
                 sub_format = sub_info['ext']

-                if sub_info.get('data') is not None:
-                    sub_data = sub_info['data']
+                sub_filename = subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format)
+                if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(sub_filename)):
+                    self.to_screen('[info] Video subtitle %s.%s is already present' % (sub_lang, sub_format))

                 else:
                 else:

-                    try:
-                        sub_data = ie._download_webpage(
-                            sub_info['url'], info_dict['id'], note=False)
-                    except ExtractorError as err:
-                        self.report_warning('Unable to download subtitle for "%s": %s' %
-                                            (sub_lang, error_to_compat_str(err.cause)))
-                        continue
-                try:
-                    sub_filename = subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format)
-                    if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(sub_filename)):
-                        self.to_screen('[info] Video subtitle %s.%s is already_present' % (sub_lang, sub_format))
+                    self.to_screen('[info] Writing video subtitles to: ' + sub_filename)
+                    if sub_info.get('data') is not None:
+                        try:
+                            # Use newline='' to prevent conversion of newline characters
+                            # See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10268
+                            with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as subfile:
+                                subfile.write(sub_info['data'])
+                        except (OSError, IOError):
+                            self.report_error('Cannot write subtitles file ' + sub_filename)
+                            return

                     else:
                     else:

-                        self.to_screen('[info] Writing video subtitles to: ' + sub_filename)
-                        # Use newline='' to prevent conversion of newline characters
-                        # See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10268
-                        with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as subfile:
-                            subfile.write(sub_data)
-                except (OSError, IOError):
-                    self.report_error('Cannot write subtitles file ' + sub_filename)
-                    return
+                        try:
+                            sub_data = ie._request_webpage(
+                                sub_info['url'], info_dict['id'], note=False).read()
+                            with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'wb') as subfile:
+                                subfile.write(sub_data)
+                        except (ExtractorError, IOError, OSError, ValueError) as err:
+                            self.report_warning('Unable to download subtitle for "%s": %s' %
+                                                (sub_lang, error_to_compat_str(err)))
+                            continue

 
         if self.params.get('writeinfojson', False):
             infofn = replace_extension(filename, 'info.json', info_dict.get('ext'))
 
         if self.params.get('writeinfojson', False):
             infofn = replace_extension(filename, 'info.json', info_dict.get('ext'))


@@ -1653,7 +1852,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                         video_ext, audio_ext = audio.get('ext'), video.get('ext')
                         if video_ext and audio_ext:
                             COMPATIBLE_EXTS = (
                         video_ext, audio_ext = audio.get('ext'), video.get('ext')
                         if video_ext and audio_ext:
                             COMPATIBLE_EXTS = (

-                                ('mp3', 'mp4', 'm4a', 'm4p', 'm4b', 'm4r', 'm4v'),
+                                ('mp3', 'mp4', 'm4a', 'm4p', 'm4b', 'm4r', 'm4v', 'ismv', 'isma'),

                                 ('webm')
                             )
                             for exts in COMPATIBLE_EXTS:
                                 ('webm')
                             )
                             for exts in COMPATIBLE_EXTS:


@@ -1682,8 +1881,11 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                         for f in requested_formats:
                             new_info = dict(info_dict)
                             new_info.update(f)
                         for f in requested_formats:
                             new_info = dict(info_dict)
                             new_info.update(f)

-                            fname = self.prepare_filename(new_info)
-                            fname = prepend_extension(fname, 'f%s' % f['format_id'], new_info['ext'])
+                            fname = prepend_extension(
+                                self.prepare_filename(new_info),
+                                'f%s' % f['format_id'], new_info['ext'])
+                            if not ensure_dir_exists(fname):
+                                return

                             downloaded.append(fname)
                             partial_success = dl(fname, new_info)
                             success = success and partial_success
                             downloaded.append(fname)
                             partial_success = dl(fname, new_info)
                             success = success and partial_success


@@ -1750,7 +1952,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                         info_dict.get('protocol') == 'm3u8' and
                         self.params.get('hls_prefer_native')):
                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
                         info_dict.get('protocol') == 'm3u8' and
                         self.params.get('hls_prefer_native')):
                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':

-                        self.report_warning('%s: malformated aac bitstream.' % (
+                        self.report_warning('%s: malformed AAC bitstream detected.' % (

                             info_dict['id']))
                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
                         fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM3u8PP(self)
                             info_dict['id']))
                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
                         fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM3u8PP(self)


@@ -1759,7 +1961,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
                         else:
                             self.report_warning(
                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
                         else:
                             self.report_warning(

-                                '%s: malformated aac bitstream. %s'
+                                '%s: malformed AAC bitstream detected. %s'

                                 % (info_dict['id'], INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
                     else:
                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
                                 % (info_dict['id'], INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
                     else:
                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')


@@ -1775,6 +1977,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         """Download a given list of URLs."""
         outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
         if (len(url_list) > 1 and
         """Download a given list of URLs."""
         outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
         if (len(url_list) > 1 and

+                outtmpl != '-' and

                 '%' not in outtmpl and
                 self.params.get('max_downloads') != 1):
             raise SameFileError(outtmpl)
                 '%' not in outtmpl and
                 self.params.get('max_downloads') != 1):
             raise SameFileError(outtmpl)


@@ -2031,11 +2234,20 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
                 sys.exc_clear()
             except Exception:
                 pass
                 sys.exc_clear()
             except Exception:
                 pass

-        self._write_string('[debug] Python version %s - %s\n' % (
-            platform.python_version(), platform_name()))
+
+        def python_implementation():
+            impl_name = platform.python_implementation()
+            if impl_name == 'PyPy' and hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):
+                return impl_name + ' version %d.%d.%d' % sys.pypy_version_info[:3]
+            return impl_name
+
+        self._write_string('[debug] Python version %s (%s) - %s\n' % (
+            platform.python_version(), python_implementation(),
+            platform_name()))

 
         exe_versions = FFmpegPostProcessor.get_versions(self)
         exe_versions['rtmpdump'] = rtmpdump_version()
 
         exe_versions = FFmpegPostProcessor.get_versions(self)
         exe_versions['rtmpdump'] = rtmpdump_version()

+        exe_versions['phantomjs'] = PhantomJSwrapper._version()

         exe_str = ', '.join(
             '%s %s' % (exe, v)
             for exe, v in sorted(exe_versions.items())
         exe_str = ', '.join(
             '%s %s' % (exe, v)
             for exe, v in sorted(exe_versions.items())


@@ -2072,7 +2284,7 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
         if opts_cookiefile is None:
             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.CookieJar()
         else:
         if opts_cookiefile is None:
             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.CookieJar()
         else:

-            opts_cookiefile = compat_expanduser(opts_cookiefile)
+            opts_cookiefile = expand_path(opts_cookiefile)

             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(
                 opts_cookiefile)
             if os.access(opts_cookiefile, os.R_OK):
             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(
                 opts_cookiefile)
             if os.access(opts_cookiefile, os.R_OK):