+    def _get_login_info(self):
+        """
+        Get the the login info as (username, password)
+        It will look in the netrc file using the _NETRC_MACHINE value
+        If there's no info available, return (None, None)
+        """
+        if self._downloader is None:
+            return (None, None)
+
+        username = None
+        password = None
+        downloader_params = self._downloader.params
+
+        # Attempt to use provided username and password or .netrc data
+        if downloader_params.get('username', None) is not None:
+            username = downloader_params['username']
+            password = downloader_params['password']
+        elif downloader_params.get('usenetrc', False):
+            try:
+                info = netrc.netrc().authenticators(self._NETRC_MACHINE)
+                if info is not None:
+                    username = info[0]
+                    password = info[2]
+                else:
+                    raise netrc.NetrcParseError('No authenticators for %s' % self._NETRC_MACHINE)
+            except (IOError, netrc.NetrcParseError) as err:
+                self._downloader.report_warning('parsing .netrc: %s' % compat_str(err))
+
+        return (username, password)
+
+    def _get_tfa_info(self):
+        """
+        Get the two-factor authentication info
+        TODO - asking the user will be required for sms/phone verify
+        currently just uses the command line option
+        If there's no info available, return None
+        """
+        if self._downloader is None:
+            return None
+        downloader_params = self._downloader.params
+
+        if downloader_params.get('twofactor', None) is not None:
+            return downloader_params['twofactor']
+
+        return None
+
+    # Helper functions for extracting OpenGraph info
+    @staticmethod
+    def _og_regexes(prop):
+        content_re = r'content=(?:"([^>]+?)"|\'([^>]+?)\')'
+        property_re = r'(?:name|property)=[\'"]og:%s[\'"]' % re.escape(prop)
+        template = r'<meta[^>]+?%s[^>]+?%s'
+        return [
+            template % (property_re, content_re),
+            template % (content_re, property_re),
+        ]
+
+    def _og_search_property(self, prop, html, name=None, **kargs):
+        if name is None:
+            name = 'OpenGraph %s' % prop
+        escaped = self._search_regex(self._og_regexes(prop), html, name, flags=re.DOTALL, **kargs)
+        if escaped is None:
+            return None
+        return unescapeHTML(escaped)
+
+    def _og_search_thumbnail(self, html, **kargs):
+        return self._og_search_property('image', html, 'thumbnail url', fatal=False, **kargs)
+
+    def _og_search_description(self, html, **kargs):
+        return self._og_search_property('description', html, fatal=False, **kargs)
+
+    def _og_search_title(self, html, **kargs):
+        return self._og_search_property('title', html, **kargs)
+
+    def _og_search_video_url(self, html, name='video url', secure=True, **kargs):
+        regexes = self._og_regexes('video') + self._og_regexes('video:url')
+        if secure:
+            regexes = self._og_regexes('video:secure_url') + regexes
+        return self._html_search_regex(regexes, html, name, **kargs)
+
+    def _og_search_url(self, html, **kargs):
+        return self._og_search_property('url', html, **kargs)
+
+    def _html_search_meta(self, name, html, display_name=None, fatal=False, **kwargs):
+        if display_name is None:
+            display_name = name
+        return self._html_search_regex(
+            r'''(?isx)<meta
+                    (?=[^>]+(?:itemprop|name|property)=(["\']?)%s\1)
+                    [^>]+?content=(["\'])(?P<content>.*?)\2''' % re.escape(name),
+            html, display_name, fatal=fatal, group='content', **kwargs)
+
+    def _dc_search_uploader(self, html):
+        return self._html_search_meta('dc.creator', html, 'uploader')
+
+    def _rta_search(self, html):
+        # See http://www.rtalabel.org/index.php?content=howtofaq#single
+        if re.search(r'(?ix)<meta\s+name="rating"\s+'
+                     r'     content="RTA-5042-1996-1400-1577-RTA"',
+                     html):
+            return 18
+        return 0
+
+    def _media_rating_search(self, html):
+        # See http://www.tjg-designs.com/WP/metadata-code-examples-adding-metadata-to-your-web-pages/
+        rating = self._html_search_meta('rating', html)
+
+        if not rating:
+            return None
+
+        RATING_TABLE = {
+            'safe for kids': 0,
+            'general': 8,
+            '14 years': 14,
+            'mature': 17,
+            'restricted': 19,
+        }
+        return RATING_TABLE.get(rating.lower(), None)
+
+    def _twitter_search_player(self, html):
+        return self._html_search_meta('twitter:player', html,
+                                      'twitter card player')
+
+    def _sort_formats(self, formats):
+        if not formats:
+            raise ExtractorError('No video formats found')
+
+        def _formats_key(f):
+            # TODO remove the following workaround
+            from ..utils import determine_ext
+            if not f.get('ext') and 'url' in f:
+                f['ext'] = determine_ext(f['url'])
+
+            preference = f.get('preference')
+            if preference is None:
+                proto = f.get('protocol')
+                if proto is None:
+                    proto = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(f.get('url', '')).scheme
+
+                preference = 0 if proto in ['http', 'https'] else -0.1
+                if f.get('ext') in ['f4f', 'f4m']:  # Not yet supported
+                    preference -= 0.5
+
+            if f.get('vcodec') == 'none':  # audio only
+                if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats'):
+                    ORDER = ['aac', 'mp3', 'm4a', 'webm', 'ogg', 'opus']
+                else:
+                    ORDER = ['webm', 'opus', 'ogg', 'mp3', 'aac', 'm4a']
+                ext_preference = 0
+                try:
+                    audio_ext_preference = ORDER.index(f['ext'])
+                except ValueError:
+                    audio_ext_preference = -1
+            else:
+                if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats'):
+                    ORDER = ['flv', 'mp4', 'webm']
+                else:
+                    ORDER = ['webm', 'flv', 'mp4']
+                try:
+                    ext_preference = ORDER.index(f['ext'])
+                except ValueError:
+                    ext_preference = -1
+                audio_ext_preference = 0
+
+            return (
+                preference,
+                f.get('language_preference') if f.get('language_preference') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('quality') if f.get('quality') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('tbr') if f.get('tbr') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('vbr') if f.get('vbr') is not None else -1,
+                ext_preference,
+                f.get('height') if f.get('height') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('width') if f.get('width') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('abr') if f.get('abr') is not None else -1,
+                audio_ext_preference,
+                f.get('fps') if f.get('fps') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('filesize') if f.get('filesize') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('filesize_approx') if f.get('filesize_approx') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('source_preference') if f.get('source_preference') is not None else -1,
+                f.get('format_id'),
+            )
+        formats.sort(key=_formats_key)
+
+    def _check_formats(self, formats, video_id):
+        if formats:
+            formats[:] = filter(
+                lambda f: self._is_valid_url(
+                    f['url'], video_id,
+                    item='%s video format' % f.get('format_id') if f.get('format_id') else 'video'),
+                formats)
+
+    def _is_valid_url(self, url, video_id, item='video'):
+        try:
+            self._request_webpage(
+                HEADRequest(url), video_id,
+                'Checking %s URL' % item)
+            return True
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
+                self.report_warning(
+                    '%s URL is invalid, skipping' % item, video_id)
+                return False
+            raise
+
+    def http_scheme(self):
+        """ Either "http:" or "https:", depending on the user's preferences """
+        return (
+            'http:'
+            if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
+            else 'https:')
+
+    def _proto_relative_url(self, url, scheme=None):
+        if url is None:
+            return url
+        if url.startswith('//'):
+            if scheme is None:
+                scheme = self.http_scheme()
+            return scheme + url
+        else:
+            return url
+
+    def _sleep(self, timeout, video_id, msg_template=None):
+        if msg_template is None:
+            msg_template = '%(video_id)s: Waiting for %(timeout)s seconds'
+        msg = msg_template % {'video_id': video_id, 'timeout': timeout}
+        self.to_screen(msg)
+        time.sleep(timeout)
+
+    def _extract_f4m_formats(self, manifest_url, video_id, preference=None, f4m_id=None):
+        manifest = self._download_xml(
+            manifest_url, video_id, 'Downloading f4m manifest',
+            'Unable to download f4m manifest')
+
+        formats = []
+        manifest_version = '1.0'
+        media_nodes = manifest.findall('{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}media')
+        if not media_nodes:
+            manifest_version = '2.0'
+            media_nodes = manifest.findall('{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}media')
+        for i, media_el in enumerate(media_nodes):
+            if manifest_version == '2.0':
+                manifest_url = ('/'.join(manifest_url.split('/')[:-1]) + '/'
+                                + (media_el.attrib.get('href') or media_el.attrib.get('url')))
+            tbr = int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('bitrate'))
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': '-'.join(filter(None, [f4m_id, 'f4m-%d' % (i if tbr is None else tbr)])),
+                'url': manifest_url,
+                'ext': 'flv',
+                'tbr': tbr,
+                'width': int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('width')),
+                'height': int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('height')),
+                'preference': preference,
+            })
+        self._sort_formats(formats)
+
+        return formats
+
+    def _extract_m3u8_formats(self, m3u8_url, video_id, ext=None,
+                              entry_protocol='m3u8', preference=None,
+                              m3u8_id=None):
+
+        formats = [{
+            'format_id': '-'.join(filter(None, [m3u8_id, 'm3u8-meta'])),
+            'url': m3u8_url,
+            'ext': ext,
+            'protocol': 'm3u8',
+            'preference': -1,
+            'resolution': 'multiple',
+            'format_note': 'Quality selection URL',
+        }]
+
+        format_url = lambda u: (
+            u
+            if re.match(r'^https?://', u)
+            else compat_urlparse.urljoin(m3u8_url, u))
+
+        m3u8_doc = self._download_webpage(
+            m3u8_url, video_id,
+            note='Downloading m3u8 information',
+            errnote='Failed to download m3u8 information')
+        last_info = None
+        kv_rex = re.compile(
+            r'(?P<key>[a-zA-Z_-]+)=(?P<val>"[^"]+"|[^",]+)(?:,|$)')
+        for line in m3u8_doc.splitlines():
+            if line.startswith('#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:'):
+                last_info = {}
+                for m in kv_rex.finditer(line):
+                    v = m.group('val')
+                    if v.startswith('"'):
+                        v = v[1:-1]
+                    last_info[m.group('key')] = v
+            elif line.startswith('#') or not line.strip():
+                continue
+            else:
+                if last_info is None:
+                    formats.append({'url': format_url(line)})
+                    continue
+                tbr = int_or_none(last_info.get('BANDWIDTH'), scale=1000)
+                f = {
+                    'format_id': '-'.join(filter(None, [m3u8_id, 'm3u8-%d' % (tbr if tbr else len(formats))])),
+                    'url': format_url(line.strip()),
+                    'tbr': tbr,
+                    'ext': ext,
+                    'protocol': entry_protocol,
+                    'preference': preference,
+                }
+                codecs = last_info.get('CODECS')
+                if codecs:
+                    # TODO: looks like video codec is not always necessarily goes first
+                    va_codecs = codecs.split(',')
+                    if va_codecs[0]:
+                        f['vcodec'] = va_codecs[0].partition('.')[0]
+                    if len(va_codecs) > 1 and va_codecs[1]:
+                        f['acodec'] = va_codecs[1].partition('.')[0]
+                resolution = last_info.get('RESOLUTION')
+                if resolution:
+                    width_str, height_str = resolution.split('x')
+                    f['width'] = int(width_str)
+                    f['height'] = int(height_str)
+                formats.append(f)
+                last_info = {}
+        self._sort_formats(formats)
+        return formats
+
+    # TODO: improve extraction
+    def _extract_smil_formats(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True):
+        smil = self._download_xml(
+            smil_url, video_id, 'Downloading SMIL file',
+            'Unable to download SMIL file', fatal=fatal)
+        if smil is False:
+            assert not fatal
+            return []
+
+        base = smil.find('./head/meta').get('base')
+
+        formats = []
+        rtmp_count = 0
+        for video in smil.findall('./body/switch/video'):
+            src = video.get('src')
+            if not src:
+                continue
+            bitrate = int_or_none(video.get('system-bitrate') or video.get('systemBitrate'), 1000)
+            width = int_or_none(video.get('width'))
+            height = int_or_none(video.get('height'))
+            proto = video.get('proto')
+            if not proto:
+                if base:
+                    if base.startswith('rtmp'):
+                        proto = 'rtmp'
+                    elif base.startswith('http'):
+                        proto = 'http'
+            ext = video.get('ext')
+            if proto == 'm3u8':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(src, video_id, ext))
+            elif proto == 'rtmp':
+                rtmp_count += 1
+                streamer = video.get('streamer') or base
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': streamer,
+                    'play_path': src,
+                    'ext': 'flv',
+                    'format_id': 'rtmp-%d' % (rtmp_count if bitrate is None else bitrate),
+                    'tbr': bitrate,
+                    'width': width,
+                    'height': height,
+                })
+        self._sort_formats(formats)
+
+        return formats
+
+    def _live_title(self, name):
+        """ Generate the title for a live video """
+        now = datetime.datetime.now()
+        now_str = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
+        return name + ' ' + now_str
+
+    def _int(self, v, name, fatal=False, **kwargs):
+        res = int_or_none(v, **kwargs)
+        if 'get_attr' in kwargs:
+            print(getattr(v, kwargs['get_attr']))
+        if res is None:
+            msg = 'Failed to extract %s: Could not parse value %r' % (name, v)
+            if fatal:
+                raise ExtractorError(msg)
+            else:
+                self._downloader.report_warning(msg)
+        return res
+
+    def _float(self, v, name, fatal=False, **kwargs):
+        res = float_or_none(v, **kwargs)
+        if res is None:
+            msg = 'Failed to extract %s: Could not parse value %r' % (name, v)
+            if fatal:
+                raise ExtractorError(msg)
+            else:
+                self._downloader.report_warning(msg)
+        return res
+
+    def _set_cookie(self, domain, name, value, expire_time=None):
+        cookie = compat_cookiejar.Cookie(
+            0, name, value, None, None, domain, None,
+            None, '/', True, False, expire_time, '', None, None, None)
+        self._downloader.cookiejar.set_cookie(cookie)
+
+    def get_testcases(self, include_onlymatching=False):
+        t = getattr(self, '_TEST', None)
+        if t:
+            assert not hasattr(self, '_TESTS'), \
+                '%s has _TEST and _TESTS' % type(self).__name__
+            tests = [t]
+        else:
+            tests = getattr(self, '_TESTS', [])
+        for t in tests:
+            if not include_onlymatching and t.get('only_matching', False):
+                continue
+            t['name'] = type(self).__name__[:-len('IE')]
+            yield t
+
+    def is_suitable(self, age_limit):
+        """ Test whether the extractor is generally suitable for the given
+        age limit (i.e. pornographic sites are not, all others usually are) """
+
+        any_restricted = False
+        for tc in self.get_testcases(include_onlymatching=False):
+            if 'playlist' in tc:
+                tc = tc['playlist'][0]
+            is_restricted = age_restricted(
+                tc.get('info_dict', {}).get('age_limit'), age_limit)
+            if not is_restricted:
+                return True
+            any_restricted = any_restricted or is_restricted
+        return not any_restricted
+
+