[youtubedl] / youtube-dl

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Author: Ricardo Garcia Gonzalez
# Author: Danny Colligan
# License: Public domain code
import htmlentitydefs
import httplib
import locale
import math
import netrc
import os
import os.path
import re
import socket
import string
import sys
import time
import urllib
import urllib2

std_headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US; rv:1.9.1.2) Gecko/20090729 Firefox/3.5.2',
        'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7',
        'Accept': 'text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5',
        'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5',
}

simple_title_chars = string.ascii_letters.decode('ascii') + string.digits.decode('ascii')

def preferredencoding():
        """Get preferred encoding.

        Returns the best encoding scheme for the system, based on
        locale.getpreferredencoding() and some further tweaks.
        """
        try:
                pref = locale.getpreferredencoding()
                # Mac OSX systems have this problem sometimes
                if pref == '':
                        return 'UTF-8'
                return pref
        except:
                sys.stderr.write('WARNING: problem obtaining preferred encoding. Falling back to UTF-8.\n')
                return 'UTF-8'

class DownloadError(Exception):
        """Download Error exception.
        
        This exception may be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they are not
        configured to continue on errors. They will contain the appropriate
        error message.
        """
        pass

class SameFileError(Exception):
        """Same File exception.

        This exception will be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they detect
        multiple files would have to be downloaded to the same file on disk.
        """
        pass

class PostProcessingError(Exception):
        """Post Processing exception.

        This exception may be raised by PostProcessor's .run() method to
        indicate an error in the postprocessing task.
        """
        pass

class UnavailableFormatError(Exception):
        """Unavailable Format exception.

        This exception will be thrown when a video is requested
        in a format that is not available for that video.
        """
        pass

class ContentTooShortError(Exception):
        """Content Too Short exception.

        This exception may be raised by FileDownloader objects when a file they
        download is too small for what the server announced first, indicating
        the connection was probably interrupted.
        """
        # Both in bytes
        downloaded = None
        expected = None

        def __init__(self, downloaded, expected):
                self.downloaded = downloaded
                self.expected = expected

class FileDownloader(object):
        """File Downloader class.

        File downloader objects are the ones responsible of downloading the
        actual video file and writing it to disk if the user has requested
        it, among some other tasks. In most cases there should be one per
        program. As, given a video URL, the downloader doesn't know how to
        extract all the needed information, task that InfoExtractors do, it
        has to pass the URL to one of them.

        For this, file downloader objects have a method that allows
        InfoExtractors to be registered in a given order. When it is passed
        a URL, the file downloader handles it to the first InfoExtractor it
        finds that reports being able to handle it. The InfoExtractor extracts
        all the information about the video or videos the URL refers to, and
        asks the FileDownloader to process the video information, possibly
        downloading the video.

        File downloaders accept a lot of parameters. In order not to saturate
        the object constructor with arguments, it receives a dictionary of
        options instead. These options are available through the params
        attribute for the InfoExtractors to use. The FileDownloader also
        registers itself as the downloader in charge for the InfoExtractors
        that are added to it, so this is a "mutual registration".

        Available options:

        username:       Username for authentication purposes.
        password:       Password for authentication purposes.
        usenetrc:       Use netrc for authentication instead.
        quiet:          Do not print messages to stdout.
        forceurl:       Force printing final URL.
        forcetitle:     Force printing title.
        simulate:       Do not download the video files.
        format:         Video format code.
        outtmpl:        Template for output names.
        ignoreerrors:   Do not stop on download errors.
        ratelimit:      Download speed limit, in bytes/sec.
        nooverwrites:   Prevent overwriting files.
        continuedl:     Try to continue downloads if possible.
        """

        params = None
        _ies = []
        _pps = []
        _download_retcode = None

        def __init__(self, params):
                """Create a FileDownloader object with the given options."""
                self._ies = []
                self._pps = []
                self._download_retcode = 0
                self.params = params
        
        @staticmethod
        def pmkdir(filename):
                """Create directory components in filename. Similar to Unix "mkdir -p"."""
                components = filename.split(os.sep)
                aggregate = [os.sep.join(components[0:x]) for x in xrange(1, len(components))]
                aggregate = ['%s%s' % (x, os.sep) for x in aggregate] # Finish names with separator
                for dir in aggregate:
                        if not os.path.exists(dir):
                                os.mkdir(dir)
        
        @staticmethod
        def format_bytes(bytes):
                if bytes is None:
                        return 'N/A'
                if type(bytes) is str:
                        bytes = float(bytes)
                if bytes == 0.0:
                        exponent = 0
                else:
                        exponent = long(math.log(bytes, 1024.0))
                suffix = 'bkMGTPEZY'[exponent]
                converted = float(bytes) / float(1024**exponent)
                return '%.2f%s' % (converted, suffix)

        @staticmethod
        def calc_percent(byte_counter, data_len):
                if data_len is None:
                        return '---.-%'
                return '%6s' % ('%3.1f%%' % (float(byte_counter) / float(data_len) * 100.0))

        @staticmethod
        def calc_eta(start, now, total, current):
                if total is None:
                        return '--:--'
                dif = now - start
                if current == 0 or dif < 0.001: # One millisecond
                        return '--:--'
                rate = float(current) / dif
                eta = long((float(total) - float(current)) / rate)
                (eta_mins, eta_secs) = divmod(eta, 60)
                if eta_mins > 99:
                        return '--:--'
                return '%02d:%02d' % (eta_mins, eta_secs)

        @staticmethod
        def calc_speed(start, now, bytes):
                dif = now - start
                if bytes == 0 or dif < 0.001: # One millisecond
                        return '%10s' % '---b/s'
                return '%10s' % ('%s/s' % FileDownloader.format_bytes(float(bytes) / dif))

        @staticmethod
        def best_block_size(elapsed_time, bytes):
                new_min = max(bytes / 2.0, 1.0)
                new_max = min(max(bytes * 2.0, 1.0), 4194304) # Do not surpass 4 MB
                if elapsed_time < 0.001:
                        return long(new_max)
                rate = bytes / elapsed_time
                if rate > new_max:
                        return long(new_max)
                if rate < new_min:
                        return long(new_min)
                return long(rate)

        @staticmethod
        def parse_bytes(bytestr):
                """Parse a string indicating a byte quantity into a long integer."""
                matchobj = re.match(r'(?i)^(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)([kMGTPEZY]?)$', bytestr)
                if matchobj is None:
                        return None
                number = float(matchobj.group(1))
                multiplier = 1024.0 ** 'bkmgtpezy'.index(matchobj.group(2).lower())
                return long(round(number * multiplier))

        @staticmethod
        def verify_url(url):
                """Verify a URL is valid and data could be downloaded. Return real data URL."""
                request = urllib2.Request(url, None, std_headers)
                data = urllib2.urlopen(request)
                data.read(1)
                url = data.geturl()
                data.close()
                return url

        def add_info_extractor(self, ie):
                """Add an InfoExtractor object to the end of the list."""
                self._ies.append(ie)
                ie.set_downloader(self)
        
        def add_post_processor(self, pp):
                """Add a PostProcessor object to the end of the chain."""
                self._pps.append(pp)
                pp.set_downloader(self)
        
        def to_stdout(self, message, skip_eol=False):
                """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
                if not self.params.get('quiet', False):
                        print (u'%s%s' % (message, [u'\n', u''][skip_eol])).encode(preferredencoding()),
                        sys.stdout.flush()
        
        def to_stderr(self, message):
                """Print message to stderr."""
                print >>sys.stderr, message.encode(preferredencoding())
        
        def fixed_template(self):
                """Checks if the output template is fixed."""
                return (re.search(ur'(?u)%\(.+?\)s', self.params['outtmpl']) is None)

        def trouble(self, message=None):
                """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.

                Depending on if the downloader has been configured to ignore
                download errors or not, this method may throw an exception or
                not when errors are found, after printing the message.
                """
                if message is not None:
                        self.to_stderr(message)
                if not self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
                        raise DownloadError(message)
                self._download_retcode = 1

        def slow_down(self, start_time, byte_counter):
                """Sleep if the download speed is over the rate limit."""
                rate_limit = self.params.get('ratelimit', None)
                if rate_limit is None or byte_counter == 0:
                        return
                now = time.time()
                elapsed = now - start_time
                if elapsed <= 0.0:
                        return
                speed = float(byte_counter) / elapsed
                if speed > rate_limit:
                        time.sleep((byte_counter - rate_limit * (now - start_time)) / rate_limit)

        def report_destination(self, filename):
                """Report destination filename."""
                self.to_stdout(u'[download] Destination: %s' % filename)
        
        def report_progress(self, percent_str, data_len_str, speed_str, eta_str):
                """Report download progress."""
                self.to_stdout(u'\r[download] %s of %s at %s ETA %s' %
                                (percent_str, data_len_str, speed_str, eta_str), skip_eol=True)

        def report_resuming_byte(self, resume_len):
                """Report attemtp to resume at given byte."""
                self.to_stdout(u'[download] Resuming download at byte %s' % resume_len)
        
        def report_file_already_downloaded(self, file_name):
                """Report file has already been fully downloaded."""
                self.to_stdout(u'[download] %s has already been downloaded' % file_name)
        
        def report_unable_to_resume(self):
                """Report it was impossible to resume download."""
                self.to_stdout(u'[download] Unable to resume')
        
        def report_finish(self):
                """Report download finished."""
                self.to_stdout(u'')

        def process_info(self, info_dict):
                """Process a single dictionary returned by an InfoExtractor."""
                # Do nothing else if in simulate mode
                if self.params.get('simulate', False):
                        try:
                                info_dict['url'] = self.verify_url(info_dict['url'])
                        except (OSError, IOError, urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                                raise UnavailableFormatError

                        # Forced printings
                        if self.params.get('forcetitle', False):
                                print info_dict['title'].encode(preferredencoding())
                        if self.params.get('forceurl', False):
                                print info_dict['url'].encode(preferredencoding())

                        return
                        
                try:
                        template_dict = dict(info_dict)
                        template_dict['epoch'] = unicode(long(time.time()))
                        filename = self.params['outtmpl'] % template_dict
                except (ValueError, KeyError), err:
                        self.trouble('ERROR: invalid output template or system charset: %s' % str(err))
                if self.params['nooverwrites'] and os.path.exists(filename):
                        self.to_stderr(u'WARNING: file exists: %s; skipping' % filename)
                        return

                try:
                        self.pmkdir(filename)
                except (OSError, IOError), err:
                        self.trouble('ERROR: unable to create directories: %s' % str(err))
                        return

                try:
                        success = self._do_download(filename, info_dict['url'])
                except (OSError, IOError), err:
                        raise UnavailableFormatError
                except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                        self.trouble('ERROR: unable to download video data: %s' % str(err))
                        return
                except (ContentTooShortError, ), err:
                        self.trouble('ERROR: content too short (expected %s bytes and served %s)' % (err.expected, err.downloaded))
                        return

                if success:
                        try:
                                self.post_process(filename, info_dict)
                        except (PostProcessingError), err:
                                self.trouble('ERROR: postprocessing: %s' % str(err))
                                return

        def download(self, url_list):
                """Download a given list of URLs."""
                if len(url_list) > 1 and self.fixed_template():
                        raise SameFileError(self.params['outtmpl'])

                for url in url_list:
                        suitable_found = False
                        for ie in self._ies:
                                # Go to next InfoExtractor if not suitable
                                if not ie.suitable(url):
                                        continue

                                # Suitable InfoExtractor found
                                suitable_found = True

                                # Extract information from URL and process it
                                ie.extract(url)

                                # Suitable InfoExtractor had been found; go to next URL
                                break

                        if not suitable_found:
                                self.trouble('ERROR: no suitable InfoExtractor: %s' % url)

                return self._download_retcode

        def post_process(self, filename, ie_info):
                """Run the postprocessing chain on the given file."""
                info = dict(ie_info)
                info['filepath'] = filename
                for pp in self._pps:
                        info = pp.run(info)
                        if info is None:
                                break
        
        def _do_download(self, filename, url):
                stream = None
                open_mode = 'ab'

                basic_request = urllib2.Request(url, None, std_headers)
                request = urllib2.Request(url, None, std_headers)

                # Attempt to resume download with "continuedl" option
                if os.path.isfile(filename):
                        resume_len = os.path.getsize(filename)
                else:
                        resume_len = 0
                if self.params['continuedl'] and resume_len != 0:
                        self.report_resuming_byte(resume_len)
                        request.add_header('Range','bytes=%d-' % resume_len)

                # Establish connection
                try:
                        data = urllib2.urlopen(request)
                except (urllib2.HTTPError, ), err:
                        if err.code != 416: #  416 is 'Requested range not satisfiable'
                                raise
                        data = urllib2.urlopen(basic_request)
                        content_length = data.info()['Content-Length']
                        if content_length is not None and long(content_length) == resume_len:
                                self.report_file_already_downloaded(filename)
                                return True
                        else:
                                self.report_unable_to_resume()
                                open_mode = 'wb'

                data_len = data.info().get('Content-length', None)
                data_len_str = self.format_bytes(data_len)
                byte_counter = 0
                block_size = 1024
                start = time.time()
                while True:
                        # Download and write
                        before = time.time()
                        data_block = data.read(block_size)
                        after = time.time()
                        data_block_len = len(data_block)
                        if data_block_len == 0:
                                break
                        byte_counter += data_block_len

                        # Open file just in time
                        if stream is None:
                                try:
                                        stream = open(filename, open_mode)
                                        self.report_destination(filename)
                                except (OSError, IOError), err:
                                        self.trouble('ERROR: unable to open for writing: %s' % str(err))
                                        return False
                        stream.write(data_block)
                        block_size = self.best_block_size(after - before, data_block_len)

                        # Progress message
                        percent_str = self.calc_percent(byte_counter, data_len)
                        eta_str = self.calc_eta(start, time.time(), data_len, byte_counter)
                        speed_str = self.calc_speed(start, time.time(), byte_counter)
                        self.report_progress(percent_str, data_len_str, speed_str, eta_str)

                        # Apply rate limit
                        self.slow_down(start, byte_counter)

                self.report_finish()
                if data_len is not None and str(byte_counter) != data_len:
                        raise ContentTooShortError(byte_counter, long(data_len))
                return True

class InfoExtractor(object):
        """Information Extractor class.

        Information extractors are the classes that, given a URL, extract
        information from the video (or videos) the URL refers to. This
        information includes the real video URL, the video title and simplified
        title, author and others. The information is stored in a dictionary
        which is then passed to the FileDownloader. The FileDownloader
        processes this information possibly downloading the video to the file
        system, among other possible outcomes. The dictionaries must include
        the following fields:

        id:             Video identifier.
        url:            Final video URL.
        uploader:       Nickname of the video uploader.
        title:          Literal title.
        stitle:         Simplified title.
        ext:            Video filename extension.

        Subclasses of this one should re-define the _real_initialize() and
        _real_extract() methods, as well as the suitable() static method.
        Probably, they should also be instantiated and added to the main
        downloader.
        """

        _ready = False
        _downloader = None

        def __init__(self, downloader=None):
                """Constructor. Receives an optional downloader."""
                self._ready = False
                self.set_downloader(downloader)

        @staticmethod
        def suitable(url):
                """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
                return False

        def initialize(self):
                """Initializes an instance (authentication, etc)."""
                if not self._ready:
                        self._real_initialize()
                        self._ready = True

        def extract(self, url):
                """Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts."""
                self.initialize()
                return self._real_extract(url)

        def set_downloader(self, downloader):
                """Sets the downloader for this IE."""
                self._downloader = downloader
        
        def _real_initialize(self):
                """Real initialization process. Redefine in subclasses."""
                pass

        def _real_extract(self, url):
                """Real extraction process. Redefine in subclasses."""
                pass

class YoutubeIE(InfoExtractor):
        """Information extractor for youtube.com."""

        _VALID_URL = r'^((?:http://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:(?:v/)|(?:(?:watch(?:\.php)?)?\?(?:.+&)?v=)))?([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)(?(1).+)?$'
        _LANG_URL = r'http://uk.youtube.com/?hl=en&persist_hl=1&gl=US&persist_gl=1&opt_out_ackd=1'
        _LOGIN_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/signup?next=/&gl=US&hl=en'
        _AGE_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/verify_age?next_url=/&gl=US&hl=en'
        _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
        _available_formats = ['22', '35', '18', '5', '17', '13', None] # listed in order of priority for -b flag
        _video_extensions = {
                '13': '3gp',
                '17': 'mp4',
                '18': 'mp4',
                '22': 'mp4',
        }

        @staticmethod
        def suitable(url):
                return (re.match(YoutubeIE._VALID_URL, url) is not None)

        @staticmethod
        def htmlentity_transform(matchobj):
                """Transforms an HTML entity to a Unicode character."""
                entity = matchobj.group(1)

                # Known non-numeric HTML entity
                if entity in htmlentitydefs.name2codepoint:
                        return unichr(htmlentitydefs.name2codepoint[entity])

                # Unicode character
                mobj = re.match(ur'(?u)#(x?\d+)', entity)
                if mobj is not None:
                        numstr = mobj.group(1)
                        if numstr.startswith(u'x'):
                                base = 16
                                numstr = u'0%s' % numstr
                        else:
                                base = 10
                        return unichr(long(numstr, base))

                # Unknown entity in name, return its literal representation
                return (u'&%s;' % entity)

        def report_lang(self):
                """Report attempt to set language."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[youtube] Setting language')

        def report_login(self):
                """Report attempt to log in."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[youtube] Logging in')
        
        def report_age_confirmation(self):
                """Report attempt to confirm age."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[youtube] Confirming age')
        
        def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
                """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[youtube] %s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
        
        def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
                """Report attempt to extract video information."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[youtube] %s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
        
        def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
                """Report extracted video URL."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[youtube] %s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
        
        def _real_initialize(self):
                if self._downloader is None:
                        return

                username = None
                password = None
                downloader_params = self._downloader.params

                # Attempt to use provided username and password or .netrc data
                if downloader_params.get('username', None) is not None:
                        username = downloader_params['username']
                        password = downloader_params['password']
                elif downloader_params.get('usenetrc', False):
                        try:
                                info = netrc.netrc().authenticators(self._NETRC_MACHINE)
                                if info is not None:
                                        username = info[0]
                                        password = info[2]
                                else:
                                        raise netrc.NetrcParseError('No authenticators for %s' % self._NETRC_MACHINE)
                        except (IOError, netrc.NetrcParseError), err:
                                self._downloader.to_stderr(u'WARNING: parsing .netrc: %s' % str(err))
                                return

                # Set language
                request = urllib2.Request(self._LANG_URL, None, std_headers)
                try:
                        self.report_lang()
                        urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                        self._downloader.to_stderr(u'WARNING: unable to set language: %s' % str(err))
                        return

                # No authentication to be performed
                if username is None:
                        return

                # Log in
                login_form = {
                                'current_form': 'loginForm',
                                'next':         '/',
                                'action_login': 'Log In',
                                'username':     username,
                                'password':     password,
                                }
                request = urllib2.Request(self._LOGIN_URL, urllib.urlencode(login_form), std_headers)
                try:
                        self.report_login()
                        login_results = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                        if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* name="loginForm"', login_results) is not None:
                                self._downloader.to_stderr(u'WARNING: unable to log in: bad username or password')
                                return
                except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                        self._downloader.to_stderr(u'WARNING: unable to log in: %s' % str(err))
                        return
        
                # Confirm age
                age_form = {
                                'next_url':             '/',
                                'action_confirm':       'Confirm',
                                }
                request = urllib2.Request(self._AGE_URL, urllib.urlencode(age_form), std_headers)
                try:
                        self.report_age_confirmation()
                        age_results = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to confirm age: %s' % str(err))
                        return

        def _real_extract(self, url):
                # Extract video id from URL
                mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
                if mobj is None:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: invalid URL: %s' % url)
                        return
                video_id = mobj.group(2)

                # Downloader parameters
                best_quality = False
                format_param = None
                quality_index = 0
                if self._downloader is not None:
                        params = self._downloader.params
                        format_param = params.get('format', None)
                        if format_param == '0':
                                format_param = self._available_formats[quality_index]
                                best_quality = True

                while True:
                        # Extension
                        video_extension = self._video_extensions.get(format_param, 'flv')

                        # Get video info
                        video_info_url = 'http://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?&video_id=%s&el=detailpage&ps=default&eurl=&gl=US&hl=en' % video_id
                        request = urllib2.Request(video_info_url, None, std_headers)
                        try:
                                self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
                                video_info_webpage = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                        except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                                self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to download video info webpage: %s' % str(err))
                                return
                        self.report_information_extraction(video_id)

                        # "t" param
                        mobj = re.search(r'(?m)&token=([^&]+)(?:&|$)', video_info_webpage)
                        if mobj is None:
                                # Attempt to see if YouTube has issued an error message
                                mobj = re.search(r'(?m)&reason=([^&]+)(?:&|$)', video_info_webpage)
                                if mobj is None:
                                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to extract "t" parameter for unknown reason')
                                        stream = open('reportme-ydl-%s.dat' % time.time(), 'wb')
                                        stream.write(video_info_webpage)
                                        stream.close()
                                else:
                                        reason = urllib.unquote_plus(mobj.group(1))
                                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: YouTube said: %s' % reason.decode('utf-8'))
                                return
                        token = urllib.unquote(mobj.group(1))
                        video_real_url = 'http://www.youtube.com/get_video?video_id=%s&t=%s&eurl=&el=detailpage&ps=default&gl=US&hl=en' % (video_id, token)
                        if format_param is not None:
                                video_real_url = '%s&fmt=%s' % (video_real_url, format_param)

                        # uploader
                        mobj = re.search(r'(?m)&author=([^&]+)(?:&|$)', video_info_webpage)
                        if mobj is None:
                                self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to extract uploader nickname')
                                return
                        video_uploader = urllib.unquote(mobj.group(1))

                        # title
                        mobj = re.search(r'(?m)&title=([^&]+)(?:&|$)', video_info_webpage)
                        if mobj is None:
                                self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to extract video title')
                                return
                        video_title = urllib.unquote(mobj.group(1))
                        video_title = video_title.decode('utf-8')
                        video_title = re.sub(ur'(?u)&(.+?);', self.htmlentity_transform, video_title)
                        video_title = video_title.replace(os.sep, u'%')

                        # simplified title
                        simple_title = re.sub(ur'(?u)([^%s]+)' % simple_title_chars, ur'_', video_title)
                        simple_title = simple_title.strip(ur'_')

                        try:
                                # Process video information
                                self._downloader.process_info({
                                        'id':           video_id.decode('utf-8'),
                                        'url':          video_real_url.decode('utf-8'),
                                        'uploader':     video_uploader.decode('utf-8'),
                                        'title':        video_title,
                                        'stitle':       simple_title,
                                        'ext':          video_extension.decode('utf-8'),
                                })

                                return

                        except UnavailableFormatError, err:
                                if best_quality:
                                        if quality_index == len(self._available_formats) - 1:
                                                # I don't ever expect this to happen
                                                self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: no known formats available for video')
                                                return
                                        else:
                                                self.report_unavailable_format(video_id, format_param)
                                                quality_index += 1
                                                format_param = self._available_formats[quality_index]
                                                continue
                                else: 
                                        self._downloader.trouble('ERROR: format not available for video')
                                        return


class MetacafeIE(InfoExtractor):
        """Information Extractor for metacafe.com."""

        _VALID_URL = r'(?:http://)?(?:www\.)?metacafe\.com/watch/([^/]+)/([^/]+)/.*'
        _DISCLAIMER = 'http://www.metacafe.com/family_filter/'
        _FILTER_POST = 'http://www.metacafe.com/f/index.php?inputType=filter&controllerGroup=user'
        _youtube_ie = None

        def __init__(self, youtube_ie, downloader=None):
                InfoExtractor.__init__(self, downloader)
                self._youtube_ie = youtube_ie

        @staticmethod
        def suitable(url):
                return (re.match(MetacafeIE._VALID_URL, url) is not None)

        def report_disclaimer(self):
                """Report disclaimer retrieval."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[metacafe] Retrieving disclaimer')

        def report_age_confirmation(self):
                """Report attempt to confirm age."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[metacafe] Confirming age')
        
        def report_download_webpage(self, video_id):
                """Report webpage download."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[metacafe] %s: Downloading webpage' % video_id)
        
        def report_extraction(self, video_id):
                """Report information extraction."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[metacafe] %s: Extracting information' % video_id)

        def _real_initialize(self):
                # Retrieve disclaimer
                request = urllib2.Request(self._DISCLAIMER, None, std_headers)
                try:
                        self.report_disclaimer()
                        disclaimer = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to retrieve disclaimer: %s' % str(err))
                        return

                # Confirm age
                disclaimer_form = {
                        'filters': '0',
                        'submit': "Continue - I'm over 18",
                        }
                request = urllib2.Request(self._FILTER_POST, urllib.urlencode(disclaimer_form), std_headers)
                try:
                        self.report_age_confirmation()
                        disclaimer = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to confirm age: %s' % str(err))
                        return
        
        def _real_extract(self, url):
                # Extract id and simplified title from URL
                mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
                if mobj is None:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: invalid URL: %s' % url)
                        return

                video_id = mobj.group(1)

                # Check if video comes from YouTube
                mobj2 = re.match(r'^yt-(.*)$', video_id)
                if mobj2 is not None:
                        self._youtube_ie.extract('http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % mobj2.group(1))
                        return

                simple_title = mobj.group(2).decode('utf-8')
                video_extension = 'flv'

                # Retrieve video webpage to extract further information
                request = urllib2.Request('http://www.metacafe.com/watch/%s/' % video_id)
                try:
                        self.report_download_webpage(video_id)
                        webpage = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable retrieve video webpage: %s' % str(err))
                        return

                # Extract URL, uploader and title from webpage
                self.report_extraction(video_id)
                mobj = re.search(r'(?m)&mediaURL=([^&]+)', webpage)
                if mobj is None:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to extract media URL')
                        return
                mediaURL = urllib.unquote(mobj.group(1))

                #mobj = re.search(r'(?m)&gdaKey=(.*?)&', webpage)
                #if mobj is None:
                #       self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to extract gdaKey')
                #       return
                #gdaKey = mobj.group(1)
                #
                #video_url = '%s?__gda__=%s' % (mediaURL, gdaKey)

                video_url = mediaURL

                mobj = re.search(r'(?im)<title>(.*) - Video</title>', webpage)
                if mobj is None:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to extract title')
                        return
                video_title = mobj.group(1).decode('utf-8')

                mobj = re.search(r'(?ms)<li id="ChnlUsr">.*?Submitter:.*?<a .*?>(.*?)<', webpage)
                if mobj is None:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to extract uploader nickname')
                        return
                video_uploader = mobj.group(1)

                try:
                        # Process video information
                        self._downloader.process_info({
                                'id':           video_id.decode('utf-8'),
                                'url':          video_url.decode('utf-8'),
                                'uploader':     video_uploader.decode('utf-8'),
                                'title':        video_title,
                                'stitle':       simple_title,
                                'ext':          video_extension.decode('utf-8'),
                        })
                except UnavailableFormatError:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: format not available for video')


class YoutubeSearchIE(InfoExtractor):
        """Information Extractor for YouTube search queries."""
        _VALID_QUERY = r'ytsearch(\d+|all)?:[\s\S]+'
        _TEMPLATE_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%s&page=%s&gl=US&hl=en'
        _VIDEO_INDICATOR = r'href="/watch\?v=.+?"'
        _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = r'(?m)>\s*Next\s*</a>'
        _youtube_ie = None
        _max_youtube_results = 1000

        def __init__(self, youtube_ie, downloader=None):
                InfoExtractor.__init__(self, downloader)
                self._youtube_ie = youtube_ie
        
        @staticmethod
        def suitable(url):
                return (re.match(YoutubeSearchIE._VALID_QUERY, url) is not None)

        def report_download_page(self, query, pagenum):
                """Report attempt to download playlist page with given number."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[youtube] query "%s": Downloading page %s' % (query, pagenum))

        def _real_initialize(self):
                self._youtube_ie.initialize()
        
        def _real_extract(self, query):
                mobj = re.match(self._VALID_QUERY, query)
                if mobj is None:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: invalid search query "%s"' % query)
                        return

                prefix, query = query.split(':')
                prefix = prefix[8:]
                if prefix == '':
                        self._download_n_results(query, 1)
                        return
                elif prefix == 'all':
                        self._download_n_results(query, self._max_youtube_results)
                        return
                else:
                        try:
                                n = long(prefix)
                                if n <= 0:
                                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: invalid download number %s for query "%s"' % (n, query))
                                        return
                                elif n > self._max_youtube_results:
                                        self._downloader.to_stderr(u'WARNING: ytsearch returns max %i results (you requested %i)'  % (self._max_youtube_results, n))
                                        n = self._max_youtube_results
                                self._download_n_results(query, n)
                                return
                        except ValueError: # parsing prefix as integer fails
                                self._download_n_results(query, 1)
                                return

        def _download_n_results(self, query, n):
                """Downloads a specified number of results for a query"""

                video_ids = []
                already_seen = set()
                pagenum = 1

                while True:
                        self.report_download_page(query, pagenum)
                        result_url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % (urllib.quote_plus(query), pagenum)
                        request = urllib2.Request(result_url, None, std_headers)
                        try:
                                page = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                        except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                                self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to download webpage: %s' % str(err))
                                return

                        # Extract video identifiers
                        for mobj in re.finditer(self._VIDEO_INDICATOR, page):
                                video_id = page[mobj.span()[0]:mobj.span()[1]].split('=')[2][:-1]
                                if video_id not in already_seen:
                                        video_ids.append(video_id)
                                        already_seen.add(video_id)
                                        if len(video_ids) == n:
                                                # Specified n videos reached
                                                for id in video_ids:
                                                        self._youtube_ie.extract('http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % id)
                                                return

                        if re.search(self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR, page) is None:
                                for id in video_ids:
                                        self._youtube_ie.extract('http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % id)
                                return

                        pagenum = pagenum + 1

class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
        """Information Extractor for YouTube playlists."""

        _VALID_URL = r'(?:http://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube.com/(?:view_play_list|my_playlists)\?.*?p=([^&]+).*'
        _TEMPLATE_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=%s&page=%s&gl=US&hl=en'
        _VIDEO_INDICATOR = r'/watch\?v=(.+?)&'
        _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = r'/view_play_list?p=%s&page=%s'
        _youtube_ie = None

        def __init__(self, youtube_ie, downloader=None):
                InfoExtractor.__init__(self, downloader)
                self._youtube_ie = youtube_ie
        
        @staticmethod
        def suitable(url):
                return (re.match(YoutubePlaylistIE._VALID_URL, url) is not None)

        def report_download_page(self, playlist_id, pagenum):
                """Report attempt to download playlist page with given number."""
                self._downloader.to_stdout(u'[youtube] PL %s: Downloading page #%s' % (playlist_id, pagenum))

        def _real_initialize(self):
                self._youtube_ie.initialize()
        
        def _real_extract(self, url):
                # Extract playlist id
                mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
                if mobj is None:
                        self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: invalid url: %s' % url)
                        return

                # Download playlist pages
                playlist_id = mobj.group(1)
                video_ids = []
                pagenum = 1

                while True:
                        self.report_download_page(playlist_id, pagenum)
                        request = urllib2.Request(self._TEMPLATE_URL % (playlist_id, pagenum), None, std_headers)
                        try:
                                page = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
                        except (urllib2.URLError, httplib.HTTPException, socket.error), err:
                                self._downloader.trouble(u'ERROR: unable to download webpage: %s' % str(err))
                                return

                        # Extract video identifiers
                        ids_in_page = []
                        for mobj in re.finditer(self._VIDEO_INDICATOR, page):
                                if mobj.group(1) not in ids_in_page:
                                        ids_in_page.append(mobj.group(1))
                        video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)

                        if (self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR % (playlist_id.upper(), pagenum + 1)) not in page:
                                break
                        pagenum = pagenum + 1

                for id in video_ids:
                        self._youtube_ie.extract('http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % id)
                return

class PostProcessor(object):
        """Post Processor class.

        PostProcessor objects can be added to downloaders with their
        add_post_processor() method. When the downloader has finished a
        successful download, it will take its internal chain of PostProcessors
        and start calling the run() method on each one of them, first with
        an initial argument and then with the returned value of the previous
        PostProcessor.

        The chain will be stopped if one of them ever returns None or the end
        of the chain is reached.

        PostProcessor objects follow a "mutual registration" process similar
        to InfoExtractor objects.
        """

        _downloader = None

        def __init__(self, downloader=None):
                self._downloader = downloader

        def set_downloader(self, downloader):
                """Sets the downloader for this PP."""
                self._downloader = downloader
        
        def run(self, information):
                """Run the PostProcessor.

                The "information" argument is a dictionary like the ones
                composed by InfoExtractors. The only difference is that this
                one has an extra field called "filepath" that points to the
                downloaded file.

                When this method returns None, the postprocessing chain is
                stopped. However, this method may return an information
                dictionary that will be passed to the next postprocessing
                object in the chain. It can be the one it received after
                changing some fields.

                In addition, this method may raise a PostProcessingError
                exception that will be taken into account by the downloader
                it was called from.
                """
                return information # by default, do nothing
        
### MAIN PROGRAM ###
if __name__ == '__main__':
        try:
                # Modules needed only when running the main program
                import getpass
                import optparse

                # General configuration
                urllib2.install_opener(urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.ProxyHandler()))
                urllib2.install_opener(urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor()))
                socket.setdefaulttimeout(300) # 5 minutes should be enough (famous last words)

                # Parse command line
                parser = optparse.OptionParser(
                        usage='Usage: %prog [options] url...',
                        version='2009.09.13',
                        conflict_handler='resolve',
                )

                parser.add_option('-h', '--help',
                                action='help', help='print this help text and exit')
                parser.add_option('-v', '--version',
                                action='version', help='print program version and exit')
                parser.add_option('-i', '--ignore-errors',
                                action='store_true', dest='ignoreerrors', help='continue on download errors', default=False)
                parser.add_option('-r', '--rate-limit',
                                dest='ratelimit', metavar='L', help='download rate limit (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)')

                authentication = optparse.OptionGroup(parser, 'Authentication Options')
                authentication.add_option('-u', '--username',
                                dest='username', metavar='UN', help='account username')
                authentication.add_option('-p', '--password',
                                dest='password', metavar='PW', help='account password')
                authentication.add_option('-n', '--netrc',
                                action='store_true', dest='usenetrc', help='use .netrc authentication data', default=False)
                parser.add_option_group(authentication)

                video_format = optparse.OptionGroup(parser, 'Video Format Options')
                video_format.add_option('-f', '--format',
                                action='store', dest='format', metavar='FMT', help='video format code')
                video_format.add_option('-b', '--best-quality',
                                action='store_const', dest='format', help='download the best quality video possible', const='0')
                video_format.add_option('-m', '--mobile-version',
                                action='store_const', dest='format', help='alias for -f 17', const='17')
                video_format.add_option('-d', '--high-def',
                                action='store_const', dest='format', help='alias for -f 22', const='22')
                parser.add_option_group(video_format)

                verbosity = optparse.OptionGroup(parser, 'Verbosity / Simulation Options')
                verbosity.add_option('-q', '--quiet',
                                action='store_true', dest='quiet', help='activates quiet mode', default=False)
                verbosity.add_option('-s', '--simulate',
                                action='store_true', dest='simulate', help='do not download video', default=False)
                verbosity.add_option('-g', '--get-url',
                                action='store_true', dest='geturl', help='simulate, quiet but print URL', default=False)
                verbosity.add_option('-e', '--get-title',
                                action='store_true', dest='gettitle', help='simulate, quiet but print title', default=False)
                parser.add_option_group(verbosity)

                filesystem = optparse.OptionGroup(parser, 'Filesystem Options')
                filesystem.add_option('-t', '--title',
                                action='store_true', dest='usetitle', help='use title in file name', default=False)
                filesystem.add_option('-l', '--literal',
                                action='store_true', dest='useliteral', help='use literal title in file name', default=False)
                filesystem.add_option('-o', '--output',
                                dest='outtmpl', metavar='TPL', help='output filename template')
                filesystem.add_option('-a', '--batch-file',
                                dest='batchfile', metavar='F', help='file containing URLs to download')
                filesystem.add_option('-w', '--no-overwrites',
                                action='store_true', dest='nooverwrites', help='do not overwrite files', default=False)
                filesystem.add_option('-c', '--continue',
                                action='store_true', dest='continue_dl', help='resume partially downloaded files', default=False)
                parser.add_option_group(filesystem)

                (opts, args) = parser.parse_args()

                # Batch file verification
                batchurls = []
                if opts.batchfile is not None:
                        try:
                                batchurls = open(opts.batchfile, 'r').readlines()
                                batchurls = [x.strip() for x in batchurls]
                                batchurls = [x for x in batchurls if len(x) > 0]
                        except IOError:
                                sys.exit(u'ERROR: batch file could not be read')
                all_urls = batchurls + args

                # Conflicting, missing and erroneous options
                if len(all_urls) < 1:
                        parser.error(u'you must provide at least one URL')
                if opts.usenetrc and (opts.username is not None or opts.password is not None):
                        parser.error(u'using .netrc conflicts with giving username/password')
                if opts.password is not None and opts.username is None:
                        parser.error(u'account username missing')
                if opts.outtmpl is not None and (opts.useliteral or opts.usetitle):
                        parser.error(u'using output template conflicts with using title or literal title')
                if opts.usetitle and opts.useliteral:
                        parser.error(u'using title conflicts with using literal title')
                if opts.username is not None and opts.password is None:
                        opts.password = getpass.getpass(u'Type account password and press return:')
                if opts.ratelimit is not None:
                        numeric_limit = FileDownloader.parse_bytes(opts.ratelimit)
                        if numeric_limit is None:
                                parser.error(u'invalid rate limit specified')
                        opts.ratelimit = numeric_limit

                # Information extractors
                youtube_ie = YoutubeIE()
                metacafe_ie = MetacafeIE(youtube_ie)
                youtube_pl_ie = YoutubePlaylistIE(youtube_ie)
                youtube_search_ie = YoutubeSearchIE(youtube_ie)

                # File downloader
                fd = FileDownloader({
                        'usenetrc': opts.usenetrc,
                        'username': opts.username,
                        'password': opts.password,
                        'quiet': (opts.quiet or opts.geturl or opts.gettitle),
                        'forceurl': opts.geturl,
                        'forcetitle': opts.gettitle,
                        'simulate': (opts.simulate or opts.geturl or opts.gettitle),
                        'format': opts.format,
                        'outtmpl': ((opts.outtmpl is not None and opts.outtmpl.decode(preferredencoding()))
                                or (opts.usetitle and u'%(stitle)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s')
                                or (opts.useliteral and u'%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s')
                                or u'%(id)s.%(ext)s'),
                        'ignoreerrors': opts.ignoreerrors,
                        'ratelimit': opts.ratelimit,
                        'nooverwrites': opts.nooverwrites,
                        'continuedl': opts.continue_dl,
                        })
                fd.add_info_extractor(youtube_search_ie)
                fd.add_info_extractor(youtube_pl_ie)
                fd.add_info_extractor(metacafe_ie)
                fd.add_info_extractor(youtube_ie)
                retcode = fd.download(all_urls)
                sys.exit(retcode)

        except DownloadError:
                sys.exit(1)
        except SameFileError:
                sys.exit(u'ERROR: fixed output name but more than one file to download')
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
                sys.exit(u'\nERROR: Interrupted by user')