Update README.md

[youtubedl] / youtube-dl.1

diff --git a/youtube-dl.1 b/youtube-dl.1
index 6c8c7bc947de48153ef2db370cd0d1702baba69c..ea1ef9efd4a87f98057f81861069d76fcb922a8e 100644 (file)
--- a/youtube-dl.1
+++ b/youtube-dl.1
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+.\" Automatically generated by Pandoc 2.1.3
+.\"

 .TH "YOUTUBE\-DL" "1" "" "" ""
 .TH "YOUTUBE\-DL" "1" "" "" ""

+.hy

 .SH NAME
 .PP
 youtube\-dl \- download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms
 .SH NAME
 .PP
 youtube\-dl \- download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms


@@ -11,7 +14,7 @@ youtube\-dl \- download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms
 YouTube.com and a few more sites.
 It requires the Python interpreter, version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is
 not platform specific.
 YouTube.com and a few more sites.
 It requires the Python interpreter, version 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is
 not platform specific.

-It should work on your Unix box, on Windows or on Mac OS X.
+It should work on your Unix box, on Windows or on macOS.

 It is released to the public domain, which means you can modify it,
 redistribute it or use it however you like.
 .SH OPTIONS
 It is released to the public domain, which means you can modify it,
 redistribute it or use it however you like.
 .SH OPTIONS


@@ -113,7 +116,7 @@ Do not emit color codes in output
 .TP
 .B \-\-proxy \f[I]URL\f[]
 Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy.
 .TP
 .B \-\-proxy \f[I]URL\f[]
 Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy.

-To enable experimental SOCKS proxy, specify a proper scheme.
+To enable SOCKS proxy, specify a proper scheme.

 For example socks5://127.0.0.1:1080/.
 Pass in an empty string (\-\-proxy "") for direct connection
 .RS
 For example socks5://127.0.0.1:1080/.
 Pass in an empty string (\-\-proxy "") for direct connection
 .RS


@@ -142,26 +145,31 @@ Make all connections via IPv6
 .TP
 .B \-\-geo\-verification\-proxy \f[I]URL\f[]
 Use this proxy to verify the IP address for some geo\-restricted sites.
 .TP
 .B \-\-geo\-verification\-proxy \f[I]URL\f[]
 Use this proxy to verify the IP address for some geo\-restricted sites.

-The default proxy specified by \-\-proxy (or none, if the options is not
+The default proxy specified by \-\-proxy (or none, if the option is not

 present) is used for the actual downloading.
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-geo\-bypass
 Bypass geographic restriction via faking X\-Forwarded\-For HTTP header
 present) is used for the actual downloading.
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-geo\-bypass
 Bypass geographic restriction via faking X\-Forwarded\-For HTTP header

-(experimental)

 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-no\-geo\-bypass
 Do not bypass geographic restriction via faking X\-Forwarded\-For HTTP
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-no\-geo\-bypass
 Do not bypass geographic restriction via faking X\-Forwarded\-For HTTP

-header (experimental)
+header

 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-geo\-bypass\-country \f[I]CODE\f[]
 Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided two\-letter
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-geo\-bypass\-country \f[I]CODE\f[]
 Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided two\-letter

-ISO 3166\-2 country code (experimental)
+ISO 3166\-2 country code
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \-\-geo\-bypass\-ip\-block \f[I]IP_BLOCK\f[]
+Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided IP block in
+CIDR notation

 .RS
 .RE
 .SS Video Selection:
 .RS
 .RE
 .SS Video Selection:


@@ -331,6 +339,14 @@ value of SIZE.
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP

+.B \-\-http\-chunk\-size \f[I]SIZE\f[]
+Size of a chunk for chunk\-based HTTP downloading (e.g.
+10485760 or 10M) (default is disabled).
+May be useful for bypassing bandwidth throttling imposed by a webserver
+(experimental)
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP

 .B \-\-playlist\-reverse
 Download playlist videos in reverse order
 .RS
 .B \-\-playlist\-reverse
 Download playlist videos in reverse order
 .RS


@@ -342,7 +358,7 @@ Download playlist videos in random order
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-xattr\-set\-filesize
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-xattr\-set\-filesize

-Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with expected file size (experimental)
+Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with expected file size

 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP


@@ -375,7 +391,10 @@ Give these arguments to the external downloader
 .SS Filesystem Options:
 .TP
 .B \-a, \-\-batch\-file \f[I]FILE\f[]
 .SS Filesystem Options:
 .TP
 .B \-a, \-\-batch\-file \f[I]FILE\f[]

-File containing URLs to download (\[aq]\-\[aq] for stdin)
+File containing URLs to download (\[aq]\-\[aq] for stdin), one URL per
+line.
+Lines starting with \[aq]#\[aq], \[aq];\[aq] or \[aq]]\[aq] are
+considered as comments and ignored.

 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP


@@ -871,12 +890,12 @@ One of never (do nothing), warn (only emit a warning), detect_or_warn
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-prefer\-avconv
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-prefer\-avconv

-Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the postprocessors (default)
+Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the postprocessors

 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-prefer\-ffmpeg
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-prefer\-ffmpeg

-Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the postprocessors
+Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the postprocessors (default)

 .RS
 .RE
 .TP
 .RS
 .RE
 .TP


@@ -887,8 +906,8 @@ its containing directory.
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-exec \f[I]CMD\f[]
 .RE
 .TP
 .B \-\-exec \f[I]CMD\f[]

-Execute a command on the file after downloading, similar to find\[aq]s
-\-exec syntax.
+Execute a command on the file after downloading and post\-processing,
+similar to find\[aq]s \-exec syntax.

 Example: \-\-exec \[aq]adb push {} /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}\[aq]
 .RS
 .RE
 Example: \-\-exec \[aq]adb push {} /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}\[aq]
 .RS
 .RE


@@ -902,7 +921,7 @@ srt|ass|vtt|lrc)
 .PP
 You can configure youtube\-dl by placing any supported command line
 option to a configuration file.
 .PP
 You can configure youtube\-dl by placing any supported command line
 option to a configuration file.

-On Linux and OS X, the system wide configuration file is located at
+On Linux and macOS, the system wide configuration file is located at

 \f[C]/etc/youtube\-dl.conf\f[] and the user wide configuration file at
 \f[C]~/.config/youtube\-dl/config\f[].
 On Windows, the user wide configuration file locations are
 \f[C]/etc/youtube\-dl.conf\f[] and the user wide configuration file at
 \f[C]~/.config/youtube\-dl/config\f[].
 On Windows, the user wide configuration file locations are


@@ -986,7 +1005,7 @@ machine\ twitch\ login\ my_twitch_account_name\ password\ my_twitch_password
 .PP
 To activate authentication with the \f[C]\&.netrc\f[] file you should
 pass \f[C]\-\-netrc\f[] to youtube\-dl or place it in the configuration
 .PP
 To activate authentication with the \f[C]\&.netrc\f[] file you should
 pass \f[C]\-\-netrc\f[] to youtube\-dl or place it in the configuration

-file (#configuration).
+file.

 .PP
 On Windows you may also need to setup the \f[C]%HOME%\f[] environment
 variable manually.
 .PP
 On Windows you may also need to setup the \f[C]%HOME%\f[] environment
 variable manually.


@@ -1002,7 +1021,7 @@ set\ HOME=%USERPROFILE%
 The \f[C]\-o\f[] option allows users to indicate a template for the
 output file names.
 .PP
 The \f[C]\-o\f[] option allows users to indicate a template for the
 output file names.
 .PP

-\f[B]tl;dr:\f[] navigate me to examples (#output-template-examples).
+\f[B]tl;dr:\f[] navigate me to examples.

 .PP
 The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a
 single file, like in
 .PP
 The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a
 single file, like in


@@ -1014,7 +1033,7 @@ formatting
 operations (https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting).
 For example, \f[C]%(NAME)s\f[] or \f[C]%(NAME)05d\f[].
 To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses,
 operations (https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting).
 For example, \f[C]%(NAME)s\f[] or \f[C]%(NAME)05d\f[].
 To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses,

-followed by a formatting operations.
+followed by formatting operations.

 Allowed names along with sequence type are:
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]id\f[] (string): Video identifier
 Allowed names along with sequence type are:
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]id\f[] (string): Video identifier


@@ -1045,6 +1064,11 @@ became available
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]uploader_id\f[] (string): Nickname or id of the video uploader
 .IP \[bu] 2
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]uploader_id\f[] (string): Nickname or id of the video uploader
 .IP \[bu] 2

+\f[C]channel\f[] (string): Full name of the channel the video is
+uploaded on
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]channel_id\f[] (string): Id of the channel
+.IP \[bu] 2

 \f[C]location\f[] (string): Physical location where the video was filmed
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]duration\f[] (numeric): Length of the video in seconds
 \f[C]location\f[] (string): Physical location where the video was filmed
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]duration\f[] (numeric): Length of the video in seconds


@@ -1066,6 +1090,15 @@ scale used depends on the webpage
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]age_limit\f[] (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)
 .IP \[bu] 2
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]age_limit\f[] (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)
 .IP \[bu] 2

+\f[C]is_live\f[] (boolean): Whether this video is a live stream or a
+fixed\-length video
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]start_time\f[] (numeric): Time in seconds where the reproduction
+should start, as specified in the URL
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]end_time\f[] (numeric): Time in seconds where the reproduction
+should end, as specified in the URL
+.IP \[bu] 2

 \f[C]format\f[] (string): A human\-readable description of the format
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]format_id\f[] (string): Format code specified by
 \f[C]format\f[] (string): A human\-readable description of the format
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]format_id\f[] (string): Format code specified by


@@ -1120,6 +1153,11 @@ padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist
 \f[C]playlist_id\f[] (string): Playlist identifier
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]playlist_title\f[] (string): Playlist title
 \f[C]playlist_id\f[] (string): Playlist identifier
 .IP \[bu] 2
 \f[C]playlist_title\f[] (string): Playlist title

+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]playlist_uploader\f[] (string): Full name of the playlist uploader
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]playlist_uploader_id\f[] (string): Nickname or id of the playlist
+uploader

 .PP
 Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:
 .IP \[bu] 2
 .PP
 Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:
 .IP \[bu] 2


@@ -1268,7 +1306,7 @@ expression\f[], i.e.
 an expression that describes format or formats you would like to
 download.
 .PP
 an expression that describes format or formats you would like to
 download.
 .PP

-\f[B]tl;dr:\f[] navigate me to examples (#format-selection-examples).
+\f[B]tl;dr:\f[] navigate me to examples.

 .PP
 The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with
 \f[C]\-f\ 22\f[] you can download the format with format code equal to
 .PP
 The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with
 \f[C]\-f\ 22\f[] you can download the format with format code equal to


@@ -1285,18 +1323,24 @@ format of a particular file extension served as a single file, e.g.
 \f[C]webm\f[] extension served as a single file.
 .PP
 You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:
 \f[C]webm\f[] extension served as a single file.
 .PP
 You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:

-\- \f[C]best\f[]: Select the best quality format represented by a single
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]best\f[]: Select the best quality format represented by a single

 file with video and audio.
 file with video and audio.

-\- \f[C]worst\f[]: Select the worst quality format represented by a
-single file with video and audio.
-\- \f[C]bestvideo\f[]: Select the best quality video\-only format (e.g.
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]worst\f[]: Select the worst quality format represented by a single
+file with video and audio.
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]bestvideo\f[]: Select the best quality video\-only format (e.g.

 DASH video).
 May not be available.
 DASH video).
 May not be available.

-\- \f[C]worstvideo\f[]: Select the worst quality video\-only format.
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]worstvideo\f[]: Select the worst quality video\-only format.

 May not be available.
 May not be available.

-\- \f[C]bestaudio\f[]: Select the best quality audio only\-format.
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]bestaudio\f[]: Select the best quality audio only\-format.

 May not be available.
 May not be available.

-\- \f[C]worstaudio\f[]: Select the worst quality audio only\-format.
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]worstaudio\f[]: Select the worst quality audio only\-format.

 May not be available.
 .PP
 For example, to download the worst quality video\-only format you can
 May not be available.
 .PP
 For example, to download the worst quality video\-only format you can


@@ -1325,25 +1369,47 @@ brackets, as in \f[C]\-f\ "best[height=720]"\f[] (or
 .PP
 The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons
 \f[C]<\f[], \f[C]<=\f[], \f[C]>\f[], \f[C]>=\f[], \f[C]=\f[] (equals),
 .PP
 The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons
 \f[C]<\f[], \f[C]<=\f[], \f[C]>\f[], \f[C]>=\f[], \f[C]=\f[] (equals),

-\f[C]!=\f[] (not equals): \- \f[C]filesize\f[]: The number of bytes, if
-known in advance \- \f[C]width\f[]: Width of the video, if known \-
-\f[C]height\f[]: Height of the video, if known \- \f[C]tbr\f[]: Average
-bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s \- \f[C]abr\f[]: Average audio
-bitrate in KBit/s \- \f[C]vbr\f[]: Average video bitrate in KBit/s \-
-\f[C]asr\f[]: Audio sampling rate in Hertz \- \f[C]fps\f[]: Frame rate
-.PP
-Also filtering work for comparisons \f[C]=\f[] (equals), \f[C]!=\f[]
-(not equals), \f[C]^=\f[] (begins with), \f[C]$=\f[] (ends with),
-\f[C]*=\f[] (contains) and following string meta fields: \-
-\f[C]ext\f[]: File extension \- \f[C]acodec\f[]: Name of the audio codec
-in use \- \f[C]vcodec\f[]: Name of the video codec in use \-
-\f[C]container\f[]: Name of the container format \- \f[C]protocol\f[]:
-The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower\-case
-(\f[C]http\f[], \f[C]https\f[], \f[C]rtsp\f[], \f[C]rtmp\f[],
-\f[C]rtmpe\f[], \f[C]mms\f[], \f[C]f4m\f[], \f[C]ism\f[],
-\f[C]http_dash_segments\f[], \f[C]m3u8\f[], or \f[C]m3u8_native\f[]) \-
+\f[C]!=\f[] (not equals):
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]filesize\f[]: The number of bytes, if known in advance
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]width\f[]: Width of the video, if known
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]height\f[]: Height of the video, if known
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]tbr\f[]: Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]abr\f[]: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]vbr\f[]: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]asr\f[]: Audio sampling rate in Hertz
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]fps\f[]: Frame rate
+.PP
+Also filtering work for comparisons \f[C]=\f[] (equals), \f[C]^=\f[]
+(starts with), \f[C]$=\f[] (ends with), \f[C]*=\f[] (contains) and
+following string meta fields:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]ext\f[]: File extension
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]acodec\f[]: Name of the audio codec in use
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]vcodec\f[]: Name of the video codec in use
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]container\f[]: Name of the container format
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[C]protocol\f[]: The protocol that will be used for the actual
+download, lower\-case (\f[C]http\f[], \f[C]https\f[], \f[C]rtsp\f[],
+\f[C]rtmp\f[], \f[C]rtmpe\f[], \f[C]mms\f[], \f[C]f4m\f[], \f[C]ism\f[],
+\f[C]http_dash_segments\f[], \f[C]m3u8\f[], or \f[C]m3u8_native\f[])
+.IP \[bu] 2

 \f[C]format_id\f[]: A short description of the format
 .PP
 \f[C]format_id\f[]: A short description of the format
 .PP

+Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation \f[C]!\f[] in order
+to produce an opposite comparison, e.g.
+\f[C]!*=\f[] (does not contain).
+.PP

 Note that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be
 present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular
 extractor, i.e.
 Note that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be
 present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular
 extractor, i.e.


@@ -1368,8 +1434,8 @@ than 480 you can use \f[C]\-f\ \[aq](mp4,webm)[height<480]\[aq]\f[].
 .PP
 Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26, youtube\-dl uses
 \f[C]\-f\ bestvideo+bestaudio/best\f[] as the default format selection
 .PP
 Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26, youtube\-dl uses
 \f[C]\-f\ bestvideo+bestaudio/best\f[] as the default format selection

-(see #5447 (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5447),
-#5456 (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5456)).
+(see #5447 (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5447),
+#5456 (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5456)).

 If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading
 \f[C]bestvideo\f[] and \f[C]bestaudio\f[] separately and muxing them
 together into a single file giving the best overall quality available.
 If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading
 \f[C]bestvideo\f[] and \f[C]bestaudio\f[] separately and muxing them
 together into a single file giving the best overall quality available.


@@ -1393,8 +1459,8 @@ If you want to preserve the old format selection behavior (prior to
 youtube\-dl 2015.04.26), i.e.
 you want to download the best available quality media served as a single
 file, you should explicitly specify your choice with \f[C]\-f\ best\f[].
 youtube\-dl 2015.04.26), i.e.
 you want to download the best available quality media served as a single
 file, you should explicitly specify your choice with \f[C]\-f\ best\f[].

-You may want to add it to the configuration file (#configuration) in
-order not to type it every time you run youtube\-dl.
+You may want to add it to the configuration file in order not to type it
+every time you run youtube\-dl.

 .SS Format selection examples
 .PP
 Note that on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of
 .SS Format selection examples
 .PP
 Note that on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of


@@ -1405,7 +1471,7 @@ single.
 #\ Download\ best\ mp4\ format\ available\ or\ any\ other\ best\ if\ no\ mp4\ available
 $\ youtube\-dl\ \-f\ \[aq]bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best\[aq]
 
 #\ Download\ best\ mp4\ format\ available\ or\ any\ other\ best\ if\ no\ mp4\ available
 $\ youtube\-dl\ \-f\ \[aq]bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best\[aq]
 

-#\ Download\ best\ format\ available\ but\ not\ better\ that\ 480p
+#\ Download\ best\ format\ available\ but\ no\ better\ than\ 480p

 $\ youtube\-dl\ \-f\ \[aq]bestvideo[height<=480]+bestaudio/best[height<=480]\[aq]
 
 #\ Download\ best\ video\ only\ format\ but\ no\ bigger\ than\ 50\ MB
 $\ youtube\-dl\ \-f\ \[aq]bestvideo[height<=480]+bestaudio/best[height<=480]\[aq]
 
 #\ Download\ best\ video\ only\ format\ but\ no\ bigger\ than\ 50\ MB


@@ -1450,8 +1516,8 @@ $\ youtube\-dl\ \-\-dateafter\ 20000101\ \-\-datebefore\ 20091231
 .SS How do I update youtube\-dl?
 .PP
 If you\[aq]ve followed our manual installation
 .SS How do I update youtube\-dl?
 .PP
 If you\[aq]ve followed our manual installation

-instructions (https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html), you can
-simply run \f[C]youtube\-dl\ \-U\f[] (or, on Linux,
+instructions (https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html), you
+can simply run \f[C]youtube\-dl\ \-U\f[] (or, on Linux,

 \f[C]sudo\ youtube\-dl\ \-U\f[]).
 .PP
 If you have used pip, a simple
 \f[C]sudo\ youtube\-dl\ \-U\f[]).
 .PP
 If you have used pip, a simple


@@ -1480,12 +1546,12 @@ sudo\ apt\-get\ remove\ \-y\ youtube\-dl
 .fi
 .PP
 Afterwards, simply follow our manual installation
 .fi
 .PP
 Afterwards, simply follow our manual installation

-instructions (https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html):
+instructions (https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html):

 .IP
 .nf
 \f[C]
 .IP
 .nf
 \f[C]

-sudo\ wget\ https://yt\-dl.org/latest/youtube\-dl\ \-O\ /usr/local/bin/youtube\-dl
-sudo\ chmod\ a+x\ /usr/local/bin/youtube\-dl
+sudo\ wget\ https://yt\-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube\-dl\ \-O\ /usr/local/bin/youtube\-dl
+sudo\ chmod\ a+rx\ /usr/local/bin/youtube\-dl

 hash\ \-r
 \f[]
 .fi
 hash\ \-r
 \f[]
 .fi


@@ -1547,7 +1613,7 @@ this?
 Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download
 too much.
 We\[aq]re considering to provide a way to let you solve the
 Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download
 too much.
 We\[aq]re considering to provide a way to let you solve the

-CAPTCHA (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/154), but at the
+CAPTCHA (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/154), but at the

 moment, your best course of action is pointing a web browser to the
 youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart youtube\-dl.
 .SS Do I need any other programs?
 moment, your best course of action is pointing a web browser to the
 youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart youtube\-dl.
 .SS Do I need any other programs?


@@ -1604,12 +1670,12 @@ youtube\-dl in turn.
 .PP
 YouTube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011 which is
 not supported by old versions of youtube\-dl.
 .PP
 YouTube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011 which is
 not supported by old versions of youtube\-dl.

-See above (#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube\-dl.
+See above for how to update youtube\-dl.

 .SS ERROR: unable to download video
 .PP
 YouTube requires an additional signature since September 2012 which is
 not supported by old versions of youtube\-dl.
 .SS ERROR: unable to download video
 .PP
 YouTube requires an additional signature since September 2012 which is
 not supported by old versions of youtube\-dl.

-See above (#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube\-dl.
+See above for how to update youtube\-dl.

 .SS Video URL contains an ampersand and I\[aq]m getting some strange
 output \f[C][1]\ 2839\f[] or
 \f[C]\[aq]v\[aq]\ is\ not\ recognized\ as\ an\ internal\ or\ external\ command\f[]
 .SS Video URL contains an ampersand and I\[aq]m getting some strange
 output \f[C][1]\ 2839\f[] or
 \f[C]\[aq]v\[aq]\ is\ not\ recognized\ as\ an\ internal\ or\ external\ command\f[]


@@ -1640,15 +1706,26 @@ For Windows you have to use the double quotes:
 .PP
 In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a character sequence
 in a string that was misinterpreted by old versions of youtube\-dl.
 .PP
 In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a character sequence
 in a string that was misinterpreted by old versions of youtube\-dl.

-See above (#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube\-dl.
+See above for how to update youtube\-dl.

 .SS HTTP Error 429: Too Many Requests or 402: Payment Required
 .PP
 These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP
 address because of overuse.
 .SS HTTP Error 429: Too Many Requests or 402: Payment Required
 .PP
 These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP
 address because of overuse.

-Contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP address, or \- if
-you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already \- use the
-\f[C]\-\-proxy\f[] or \f[C]\-\-source\-address\f[]
-options (#network-options) to select another IP address.
+Usually this is a soft block meaning that you can gain access again
+after solving CAPTCHA.
+Just open a browser and solve a CAPTCHA the service suggests you and
+after that pass cookies to youtube\-dl.
+Note that if your machine has multiple external IPs then you should also
+pass exactly the same IP you\[aq]ve used for solving CAPTCHA with
+\f[C]\-\-source\-address\f[].
+Also you may need to pass a \f[C]User\-Agent\f[] HTTP header of your
+browser with \f[C]\-\-user\-agent\f[].
+.PP
+If this is not the case (no CAPTCHA suggested to solve by the service)
+then you can contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP
+address, or \- if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already \-
+use the \f[C]\-\-proxy\f[] or \f[C]\-\-source\-address\f[] options to
+select another IP address.

 .SS SyntaxError: Non\-ASCII character
 .PP
 The error
 .SS SyntaxError: Non\-ASCII character
 .PP
 The error


@@ -1664,10 +1741,11 @@ means you\[aq]re using an outdated version of Python.
 Please update to Python 2.6 or 2.7.
 .SS What is this binary file? Where has the code gone?
 .PP
 Please update to Python 2.6 or 2.7.
 .SS What is this binary file? Where has the code gone?
 .PP

-Since June 2012 (#342 (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/342))
-youtube\-dl is packed as an executable zipfile, simply unzip it (might
-need renaming to \f[C]youtube\-dl.zip\f[] first on some systems) or
-clone the git repository, as laid out above.
+Since June 2012
+(#342 (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/342)) youtube\-dl
+is packed as an executable zipfile, simply unzip it (might need renaming
+to \f[C]youtube\-dl.zip\f[] first on some systems) or clone the git
+repository, as laid out above.

 If you modify the code, you can run it by executing the
 \f[C]__main__.py\f[] file.
 To recompile the executable, run \f[C]make\ youtube\-dl\f[].
 If you modify the code, you can run it by executing the
 \f[C]__main__.py\f[] file.
 To recompile the executable, run \f[C]make\ youtube\-dl\f[].


@@ -1696,10 +1774,10 @@ ffmpeg) by simply typing \f[C]youtube\-dl\f[] or \f[C]ffmpeg\f[], no
 matter what directory you\[aq]re in.
 .SS How do I put downloads into a specific folder?
 .PP
 matter what directory you\[aq]re in.
 .SS How do I put downloads into a specific folder?
 .PP

-Use the \f[C]\-o\f[] to specify an output template (#output-template),
-for example \f[C]\-o\ "/home/user/videos/%(title)s\-%(id)s.%(ext)s"\f[].
+Use the \f[C]\-o\f[] to specify an output template, for example
+\f[C]\-o\ "/home/user/videos/%(title)s\-%(id)s.%(ext)s"\f[].

 If you want this for all of your downloads, put the option into your
 If you want this for all of your downloads, put the option into your

-configuration file (#configuration).
+configuration file.

 .SS How do I download a video starting with a \f[C]\-\f[]?
 .PP
 Either prepend \f[C]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=\f[] or separate the
 .SS How do I download a video starting with a \f[C]\-\f[]?
 .PP
 Either prepend \f[C]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=\f[] or separate the


@@ -1720,8 +1798,8 @@ In order to extract cookies from browser use any conforming browser
 extension for exporting cookies.
 For example,
 cookies.txt (https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/cookiestxt/njabckikapfpffapmjgojcnbfjonfjfg)
 extension for exporting cookies.
 For example,
 cookies.txt (https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/cookiestxt/njabckikapfpffapmjgojcnbfjonfjfg)

-(for Chrome) or Export
-Cookies (https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/export-cookies/)
+(for Chrome) or
+cookies.txt (https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/cookies-txt/)

 (for Firefox).
 .PP
 Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the
 (for Firefox).
 .PP
 Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the


@@ -1732,7 +1810,7 @@ Make sure you have correct newline
 format (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) in the cookies file and
 convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely
 \f[C]CRLF\f[] (\f[C]\\r\\n\f[]) for Windows and \f[C]LF\f[]
 format (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) in the cookies file and
 convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely
 \f[C]CRLF\f[] (\f[C]\\r\\n\f[]) for Windows and \f[C]LF\f[]

-(\f[C]\\n\f[]) for Unix and Unix\-like systems (Linux, Mac OS, etc.).
+(\f[C]\\n\f[]) for Unix and Unix\-like systems (Linux, macOS, etc.).

 \f[C]HTTP\ Error\ 400:\ Bad\ Request\f[] when using \f[C]\-\-cookies\f[]
 is a good sign of invalid newline format.
 .PP
 \f[C]HTTP\ Error\ 400:\ Bad\ Request\f[] when using \f[C]\-\-cookies\f[]
 is a good sign of invalid newline format.
 .PP


@@ -1800,7 +1878,7 @@ improvements of the built\-in downloader and/or ffmpeg.
 .PP
 In particular, the generic extractor (used when your website is not in
 the list of supported sites by
 .PP
 In particular, the generic extractor (used when your website is not in
 the list of supported sites by

-youtube\-dl (https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/supportedsites.html)
+youtube\-dl (https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/supportedsites.html)

 cannot mandate one specific downloader.
 .PP
 If you put either \f[C]\-\-hls\-prefer\-native\f[] or
 cannot mandate one specific downloader.
 .PP
 If you put either \f[C]\-\-hls\-prefer\-native\f[] or


@@ -1847,7 +1925,7 @@ serves as a unified point.
 Unfortunately, the youtube\-dl project has grown too large to use
 personal email as an effective communication channel.
 .PP
 Unfortunately, the youtube\-dl project has grown too large to use
 personal email as an effective communication channel.
 .PP

-Please read the bug reporting instructions (#bugs) below.
+Please read the bug reporting instructions below.

 A lot of bugs lack all the necessary information.
 If you can, offer proxy, VPN, or shell access to the youtube\-dl
 developers.
 A lot of bugs lack all the necessary information.
 If you can, offer proxy, VPN, or shell access to the youtube\-dl
 developers.


@@ -1893,15 +1971,14 @@ you run it from a Python program.
 .SH Why do I need to go through that much red tape when filing bugs?
 .PP
 Before we had the issue template, despite our extensive bug reporting
 .SH Why do I need to go through that much red tape when filing bugs?
 .PP
 Before we had the issue template, despite our extensive bug reporting

-instructions (#bugs), about 80% of the issue reports we got were
-useless, for instance because people used ancient versions hundreds of
-releases old, because of simple syntactic errors (not in youtube\-dl but
-in general shell usage), because the problem was already reported
-multiple times before, because people did not actually read an error
-message, even if it said "please install ffmpeg", because people did not
-mention the URL they were trying to download and many more simple,
-easy\-to\-avoid problems, many of whom were totally unrelated to
-youtube\-dl.
+instructions, about 80% of the issue reports we got were useless, for
+instance because people used ancient versions hundreds of releases old,
+because of simple syntactic errors (not in youtube\-dl but in general
+shell usage), because the problem was already reported multiple times
+before, because people did not actually read an error message, even if
+it said "please install ffmpeg", because people did not mention the URL
+they were trying to download and many more simple, easy\-to\-avoid
+problems, many of whom were totally unrelated to youtube\-dl.

 .PP
 youtube\-dl is an open\-source project manned by too few volunteers, so
 we\[aq]d rather spend time fixing bugs where we are certain none of
 .PP
 youtube\-dl is an open\-source project manned by too few volunteers, so
 we\[aq]d rather spend time fixing bugs where we are certain none of


@@ -1914,8 +1991,8 @@ such as checking that your version of youtube\-dl is current.
 .SH DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS
 .PP
 Most users do not need to build youtube\-dl and can download the
 .SH DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS
 .PP
 Most users do not need to build youtube\-dl and can download the

-builds (https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html) or get them from
-their distribution.
+builds (https://ytdl-org.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html) or get them
+from their distribution.

 .PP
 To run youtube\-dl as a developer, you don\[aq]t need to build anything
 either.
 .PP
 To run youtube\-dl as a developer, you don\[aq]t need to build anything
 either.


@@ -1938,8 +2015,8 @@ nosetests
 \f[]
 .fi
 .PP
 \f[]
 .fi
 .PP

-See item 6 of new extractor tutorial (#adding-support-for-a-new-site)
-for how to run extractor specific test cases.
+See item 6 of new extractor tutorial for how to run extractor specific
+test cases.

 .PP
 If you want to create a build of youtube\-dl yourself, you\[aq]ll need
 .IP \[bu] 2
 .PP
 If you want to create a build of youtube\-dl yourself, you\[aq]ll need
 .IP \[bu] 2


@@ -1964,14 +2041,14 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally,
 you can follow this quick list (assuming your service is called
 \f[C]yourextractor\f[]):
 .IP " 1." 4
 you can follow this quick list (assuming your service is called
 \f[C]yourextractor\f[]):
 .IP " 1." 4

-Fork this repository (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/fork)
+Fork this repository (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/fork)

 .IP " 2." 4
 Check out the source code with:
 .RS 4
 .IP
 .nf
 \f[C]
 .IP " 2." 4
 Check out the source code with:
 .RS 4
 .IP
 .nf
 \f[C]

-git\ clone\ git\@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/youtube\-dl.git
+\ git\ clone\ git\@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/youtube\-dl.git

 \f[]
 .fi
 .RE
 \f[]
 .fi
 .RE


@@ -1981,8 +2058,8 @@ Start a new git branch with
 .IP
 .nf
 \f[C]
 .IP
 .nf
 \f[C]

-cd\ youtube\-dl
-git\ checkout\ \-b\ yourextractor
+\ cd\ youtube\-dl
+\ git\ checkout\ \-b\ yourextractor

 \f[]
 .fi
 .RE
 \f[]
 .fi
 .RE


@@ -2036,7 +2113,7 @@ class\ YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor):
 .RE
 .IP " 5." 4
 Add an import in
 .RE
 .IP " 5." 4
 Add an import in

-\f[C]youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py\f[] (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py).
+\f[C]youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py\f[] (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/extractors.py).

 .IP " 6." 4
 Run
 \f[C]python\ test/test_download.py\ TestDownload.test_YourExtractor\f[].
 .IP " 6." 4
 Run
 \f[C]python\ test/test_download.py\ TestDownload.test_YourExtractor\f[].


@@ -2051,19 +2128,27 @@ Note that tests with \f[C]only_matching\f[] key in test\[aq]s dict are
 not counted in.
 .IP " 7." 4
 Have a look at
 not counted in.
 .IP " 7." 4
 Have a look at

-\f[C]youtube_dl/extractor/common.py\f[] (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py)
+\f[C]youtube_dl/extractor/common.py\f[] (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py)

 for possible helper methods and a detailed description of what your
 extractor should and may
 for possible helper methods and a detailed description of what your
 extractor should and may

-return (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L74-L252).
+return (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/7f41a598b3fba1bcab2817de64a08941200aa3c8/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L94-L303).

 Add tests and code for as many as you want.
 .IP " 8." 4
 Add tests and code for as many as you want.
 .IP " 8." 4

-Make sure your code follows youtube\-dl coding
-conventions (#youtube-dl-coding-conventions) and check the code with
-flake8 (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8).
-Also make sure your code works under all
-Python (https://www.python.org/) versions claimed supported by
-youtube\-dl, namely 2.6, 2.7, and 3.2+.
+Make sure your code follows youtube\-dl coding conventions and check the
+code with
+flake8 (https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/index.html#quickstart):
+.RS 4
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+\ $\ flake8\ youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py
+\f[]
+.fi
+.RE

 .IP " 9." 4
 .IP " 9." 4

+Make sure your code works under all Python (https://www.python.org/)
+versions claimed supported by youtube\-dl, namely 2.6, 2.7, and 3.2+.
+.IP "10." 4

 When the tests pass, add (https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new
 files and commit (https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and
 push (https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:
 When the tests pass, add (https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new
 files and commit (https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and
 push (https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:


@@ -2078,7 +2163,7 @@ $\ git\ push\ origin\ yourextractor
 \f[]
 .fi
 .RE
 \f[]
 .fi
 .RE

-.IP "10." 4
+.IP "11." 4

 Finally, create a pull
 request (https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request).
 We\[aq]ll then review and merge it.
 Finally, create a pull
 request (https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request).
 We\[aq]ll then review and merge it.


@@ -2108,7 +2193,7 @@ update at all.
 .PP
 For extraction to work youtube\-dl relies on metadata your extractor
 extracts and provides to youtube\-dl expressed by an information
 .PP
 For extraction to work youtube\-dl relies on metadata your extractor
 extracts and provides to youtube\-dl expressed by an information

-dictionary (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L75-L257)
+dictionary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/7f41a598b3fba1bcab2817de64a08941200aa3c8/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L94-L303)

 or simply \f[I]info dict\f[].
 Only the following meta fields in the \f[I]info dict\f[] are considered
 mandatory for a successful extraction process by youtube\-dl:
 or simply \f[I]info dict\f[].
 Only the following meta fields in the \f[I]info dict\f[] are considered
 mandatory for a successful extraction process by youtube\-dl:


@@ -2129,7 +2214,7 @@ extraction does not make any sense without and if any of them fail to be
 extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken.
 .PP
 Any
 extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken.
 .PP
 Any

-field (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L149-L257)
+field (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/7f41a598b3fba1bcab2817de64a08941200aa3c8/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L188-L303)

 apart from the aforementioned ones are considered \f[B]optional\f[].
 That means that extraction should be \f[B]tolerant\f[] to situations
 when sources for these fields can potentially be unavailable (even if
 apart from the aforementioned ones are considered \f[B]optional\f[].
 That means that extraction should be \f[B]tolerant\f[] to situations
 when sources for these fields can potentially be unavailable (even if


@@ -2250,9 +2335,37 @@ title\ =\ meta.get(\[aq]title\[aq])\ or\ self._og_search_title(webpage)
 .PP
 This code will try to extract from \f[C]meta\f[] first and if it fails
 it will try extracting \f[C]og:title\f[] from a \f[C]webpage\f[].
 .PP
 This code will try to extract from \f[C]meta\f[] first and if it fails
 it will try extracting \f[C]og:title\f[] from a \f[C]webpage\f[].

-.SS Make regular expressions flexible
+.SS Regular expressions
+.SS Don\[aq]t capture groups you don\[aq]t use
+.PP
+Capturing group must be an indication that it\[aq]s used somewhere in
+the code.
+Any group that is not used must be non capturing.
+.SS Example

 .PP
 .PP

-When using regular expressions try to write them fuzzy and flexible.
+Don\[aq]t capture id attribute name here since you can\[aq]t use it for
+anything anyway.
+.PP
+Correct:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+r\[aq](?:id|ID)=(?P<id>\\d+)\[aq]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Incorrect:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+r\[aq](id|ID)=(?P<id>\\d+)\[aq]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.SS Make regular expressions relaxed and flexible
+.PP
+When using regular expressions try to write them fuzzy, relaxed and
+flexible, skipping insignificant parts that are more likely to change,
+allowing both single and double quotes for quoted values and so on.

 .SS Example
 .PP
 Say you need to extract \f[C]title\f[] from the following HTML code:
 .SS Example
 .PP
 Say you need to extract \f[C]title\f[] from the following HTML code:


@@ -2295,17 +2408,158 @@ title\ =\ self._search_regex(
 \ \ \ \ webpage,\ \[aq]title\[aq],\ group=\[aq]title\[aq])
 \f[]
 .fi
 \ \ \ \ webpage,\ \[aq]title\[aq],\ group=\[aq]title\[aq])
 \f[]
 .fi

-.SS Use safe conversion functions
+.SS Long lines policy
+.PP
+There is a soft limit to keep lines of code under 80 characters long.
+This means it should be respected if possible and if it does not make
+readability and code maintenance worse.
+.PP
+For example, you should \f[B]never\f[] split long string literals like
+URLs or some other often copied entities over multiple lines to fit this
+limit:
+.PP
+Correct:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+\[aq]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4\[aq]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Incorrect:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+\[aq]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=\[aq]
+\[aq]PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4\[aq]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.SS Inline values
+.PP
+Extracting variables is acceptable for reducing code duplication and
+improving readability of complex expressions.
+However, you should avoid extracting variables used only once and moving
+them to opposite parts of the extractor file, which makes reading the
+linear flow difficult.
+.SS Example
+.PP
+Correct:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+title\ =\ self._html_search_regex(r\[aq]<title>([^<]+)</title>\[aq],\ webpage,\ \[aq]title\[aq])
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Incorrect:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+TITLE_RE\ =\ r\[aq]<title>([^<]+)</title>\[aq]
+#\ ...some\ lines\ of\ code...
+title\ =\ self._html_search_regex(TITLE_RE,\ webpage,\ \[aq]title\[aq])
+\f[]
+.fi
+.SS Collapse fallbacks
+.PP
+Multiple fallback values can quickly become unwieldy.
+Collapse multiple fallback values into a single expression via a list of
+patterns.
+.SS Example
+.PP
+Good:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+description\ =\ self._html_search_meta(
+\ \ \ \ [\[aq]og:description\[aq],\ \[aq]description\[aq],\ \[aq]twitter:description\[aq]],
+\ \ \ \ webpage,\ \[aq]description\[aq],\ default=None)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Unwieldy:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+description\ =\ (
+\ \ \ \ self._og_search_description(webpage,\ default=None)
+\ \ \ \ or\ self._html_search_meta(\[aq]description\[aq],\ webpage,\ default=None)
+\ \ \ \ or\ self._html_search_meta(\[aq]twitter:description\[aq],\ webpage,\ default=None))
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Methods supporting list of patterns are: \f[C]_search_regex\f[],
+\f[C]_html_search_regex\f[], \f[C]_og_search_property\f[],
+\f[C]_html_search_meta\f[].
+.SS Trailing parentheses
+.PP
+Always move trailing parentheses after the last argument.
+.SS Example
+.PP
+Correct:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+\ \ \ \ lambda\ x:\ x[\[aq]ResultSet\[aq]][\[aq]Result\[aq]][0][\[aq]VideoUrlSet\[aq]][\[aq]VideoUrl\[aq]],
+\ \ \ \ list)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Incorrect:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+\ \ \ \ lambda\ x:\ x[\[aq]ResultSet\[aq]][\[aq]Result\[aq]][0][\[aq]VideoUrlSet\[aq]][\[aq]VideoUrl\[aq]],
+\ \ \ \ list,
+)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.SS Use convenience conversion and parsing functions

 .PP
 .PP

-Wrap all extracted numeric data into safe functions from \f[C]utils\f[]:
+Wrap all extracted numeric data into safe functions from
+\f[C]youtube_dl/utils.py\f[] (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/utils.py):

 \f[C]int_or_none\f[], \f[C]float_or_none\f[].
 Use them for string to number conversions as well.
 \f[C]int_or_none\f[], \f[C]float_or_none\f[].
 Use them for string to number conversions as well.

+.PP
+Use \f[C]url_or_none\f[] for safe URL processing.
+.PP
+Use \f[C]try_get\f[] for safe metadata extraction from parsed JSON.
+.PP
+Use \f[C]unified_strdate\f[] for uniform \f[C]upload_date\f[] or any
+\f[C]YYYYMMDD\f[] meta field extraction, \f[C]unified_timestamp\f[] for
+uniform \f[C]timestamp\f[] extraction, \f[C]parse_filesize\f[] for
+\f[C]filesize\f[] extraction, \f[C]parse_count\f[] for count meta fields
+extraction, \f[C]parse_resolution\f[], \f[C]parse_duration\f[] for
+\f[C]duration\f[] extraction, \f[C]parse_age_limit\f[] for
+\f[C]age_limit\f[] extraction.
+.PP
+Explore
+\f[C]youtube_dl/utils.py\f[] (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/utils.py)
+for more useful convenience functions.
+.SS More examples
+.SS Safely extract optional description from parsed JSON
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+description\ =\ try_get(response,\ lambda\ x:\ x[\[aq]result\[aq]][\[aq]video\[aq]][0][\[aq]summary\[aq]],\ compat_str)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.SS Safely extract more optional metadata
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+video\ =\ try_get(response,\ lambda\ x:\ x[\[aq]result\[aq]][\[aq]video\[aq]][0],\ dict)\ or\ {}
+description\ =\ video.get(\[aq]summary\[aq])
+duration\ =\ float_or_none(video.get(\[aq]durationMs\[aq]),\ scale=1000)
+view_count\ =\ int_or_none(video.get(\[aq]views\[aq]))
+\f[]
+.fi

 .SH EMBEDDING YOUTUBE\-DL
 .PP
 youtube\-dl makes the best effort to be a good command\-line program,
 and thus should be callable from any programming language.
 If you encounter any problems parsing its output, feel free to create a
 .SH EMBEDDING YOUTUBE\-DL
 .PP
 youtube\-dl makes the best effort to be a good command\-line program,
 and thus should be callable from any programming language.
 If you encounter any problems parsing its output, feel free to create a

-report (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/new).
+report (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/new).

 .PP
 From a Python program, you can embed youtube\-dl in a more powerful
 fashion, like this:
 .PP
 From a Python program, you can embed youtube\-dl in a more powerful
 fashion, like this:


@@ -2323,7 +2577,7 @@ with\ youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts)\ as\ ydl:
 .PP
 Most likely, you\[aq]ll want to use various options.
 For a list of options available, have a look at
 .PP
 Most likely, you\[aq]ll want to use various options.
 For a list of options available, have a look at

-\f[C]youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py\f[] (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py#L129-L279).
+\f[C]youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py\f[] (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/3e4cedf9e8cd3157df2457df7274d0c842421945/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py#L137-L312).

 For a start, if you want to intercept youtube\-dl\[aq]s output, set a
 \f[C]logger\f[] object.
 .PP
 For a start, if you want to intercept youtube\-dl\[aq]s output, set a
 \f[C]logger\f[] object.
 .PP


@@ -2370,7 +2624,7 @@ with\ youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts)\ as\ ydl:
 .SH BUGS
 .PP
 Bugs and suggestions should be reported at:
 .SH BUGS
 .PP
 Bugs and suggestions should be reported at:

-<https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues>.
+<https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues>.

 Unless you were prompted to or there is another pertinent reason (e.g.
 GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send bug reports
 via personal email.
 Unless you were prompted to or there is another pertinent reason (e.g.
 GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send bug reports
 via personal email.


@@ -2379,7 +2633,7 @@ For discussions, join us in the IRC channel
 (webchat (https://webchat.freenode.net/?randomnick=1&channels=youtube-dl)).
 .PP
 \f[B]Please include the full output of youtube\-dl when run with
 (webchat (https://webchat.freenode.net/?randomnick=1&channels=youtube-dl)).
 .PP
 \f[B]Please include the full output of youtube\-dl when run with

-\f[C]\-v\f[]\f[], i.e.
+\f[BC]\-v\f[B]\f[], i.e.

 \f[B]add\f[] \f[C]\-v\f[] flag to \f[B]your command line\f[], copy the
 \f[B]whole\f[] output and post it in the issue body wrapped in ``` for
 better formatting.
 \f[B]add\f[] \f[C]\-v\f[] flag to \f[B]your command line\f[], copy the
 \f[B]whole\f[] output and post it in the issue body wrapped in ``` for
 better formatting.


@@ -2472,8 +2726,8 @@ This goes for feature requests as well.
 Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you\[aq]re
 trying to open.
 Search at the top of the window or browse the GitHub
 Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you\[aq]re
 trying to open.
 Search at the top of the window or browse the GitHub

-Issues (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/search?type=Issues) of this
-repository.
+Issues (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/search?type=Issues) of
+this repository.

 If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of
 "This affects me as well, with version 2015.01.01.
 Here is some more information on the issue: ...".
 If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of
 "This affects me as well, with version 2015.01.01.
 Here is some more information on the issue: ...".


@@ -2483,7 +2737,7 @@ activity.
 .PP
 Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at the list of
 supported
 .PP
 Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at the list of
 supported

-options (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/README.md#options).
+options (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/README.md#options).

 Many feature requests are for features that actually exist already!
 Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue report and detail
 how the existing similar options do \f[I]not\f[] solve your problem.
 Many feature requests are for features that actually exist already!
 Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue report and detail
 how the existing similar options do \f[I]not\f[] solve your problem.