+
+
+def platform_name():
+ """ Returns the platform name as a compat_str """
+ res = platform.platform()
+ if isinstance(res, bytes):
+ res = res.decode(preferredencoding())
+
+ assert isinstance(res, compat_str)
+ return res
+
+
+def write_string(s, out=None):
+ if out is None:
+ out = sys.stderr
+ assert type(s) == type(u'')
+
+ if ('b' in getattr(out, 'mode', '') or
+ sys.version_info[0] < 3): # Python 2 lies about mode of sys.stderr
+ s = s.encode(preferredencoding(), 'ignore')
+ out.write(s)
+ out.flush()
+
+
+def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
+ if not bs:
+ return []
+ if isinstance(bs[0], int): # Python 3
+ return list(bs)
+ else:
+ return [ord(c) for c in bs]
+
+
+def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
+ if not xs:
+ return b''
+ if isinstance(chr(0), bytes): # Python 2
+ return ''.join([chr(x) for x in xs])
+ else:
+ return bytes(xs)
+
+
+def get_cachedir(params={}):
+ cache_root = os.environ.get('XDG_CACHE_HOME',
+ os.path.expanduser('~/.cache'))
+ return params.get('cachedir', os.path.join(cache_root, 'youtube-dl'))