#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import ctypes
+import datetime
+import email.utils
import errno
import gzip
+import itertools
import io
import json
import locale
+import math
import os
+import pipes
+import platform
import re
+import ssl
+import socket
+import struct
+import subprocess
import sys
import traceback
import zlib
-import email.utils
-import socket
-import datetime
try:
import urllib.request as compat_urllib_request
except ImportError: # Python 2
import httplib as compat_http_client
+try:
+ from urllib.error import HTTPError as compat_HTTPError
+except ImportError: # Python 2
+ from urllib2 import HTTPError as compat_HTTPError
+
+try:
+ from urllib.request import urlretrieve as compat_urlretrieve
+except ImportError: # Python 2
+ from urllib import urlretrieve as compat_urlretrieve
+
+
try:
from subprocess import DEVNULL
compat_subprocess_get_DEVNULL = lambda: DEVNULL
compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
std_headers = {
- 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:10.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0',
+ 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:10.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0 (Chrome)',
'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7',
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
def find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, val):
""" Find the xpath xpath[@key=val] """
assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z]+$', key)
- assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z@]*$', val)
+ assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9@\s:._]*$', val)
expr = xpath + u"[@%s='%s']" % (key, val)
return node.find(expr)
else:
return f
return None
+# On python2.6 the xml.etree.ElementTree.Element methods don't support
+# the namespace parameter
+def xpath_with_ns(path, ns_map):
+ components = [c.split(':') for c in path.split('/')]
+ replaced = []
+ for c in components:
+ if len(c) == 1:
+ replaced.append(c[0])
+ else:
+ ns, tag = c
+ replaced.append('{%s}%s' % (ns_map[ns], tag))
+ return '/'.join(replaced)
+
def htmlentity_transform(matchobj):
"""Transforms an HTML entity to a character.
return (u'&%s;' % entity)
compat_html_parser.locatestarttagend = re.compile(r"""<[a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*(?:\s+(?:(?<=['"\s])[^\s/>][^\s/=>]*(?:\s*=+\s*(?:'[^']*'|"[^"]*"|(?!['"])[^>\s]*))?\s*)*)?\s*""", re.VERBOSE) # backport bugfix
-class AttrParser(compat_html_parser.HTMLParser):
+class BaseHTMLParser(compat_html_parser.HTMLParser):
+ def __init(self):
+ compat_html_parser.HTMLParser.__init__(self)
+ self.html = None
+
+ def loads(self, html):
+ self.html = html
+ self.feed(html)
+ self.close()
+
+class AttrParser(BaseHTMLParser):
"""Modified HTMLParser that isolates a tag with the specified attribute"""
def __init__(self, attribute, value):
self.attribute = attribute
self.result = None
self.started = False
self.depth = {}
- self.html = None
self.watch_startpos = False
self.error_count = 0
- compat_html_parser.HTMLParser.__init__(self)
+ BaseHTMLParser.__init__(self)
def error(self, message):
if self.error_count > 10 or self.started:
self.error_count += 1
self.goahead(1)
- def loads(self, html):
- self.html = html
- self.feed(html)
- self.close()
-
def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
attrs = dict(attrs)
if self.started:
pass
return parser.get_result()
+class MetaParser(BaseHTMLParser):
+ """
+ Modified HTMLParser that isolates a meta tag with the specified name
+ attribute.
+ """
+ def __init__(self, name):
+ BaseHTMLParser.__init__(self)
+ self.name = name
+ self.content = None
+ self.result = None
+
+ def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
+ if tag != 'meta':
+ return
+ attrs = dict(attrs)
+ if attrs.get('name') == self.name:
+ self.result = attrs.get('content')
+
+ def get_result(self):
+ return self.result
+
+def get_meta_content(name, html):
+ """
+ Return the content attribute from the meta tag with the given name attribute.
+ """
+ parser = MetaParser(name)
+ try:
+ parser.loads(html)
+ except compat_html_parser.HTMLParseError:
+ pass
+ return parser.get_result()
+
def clean_html(html):
"""Clean an HTML snippet into a readable string"""
result = re.sub(u'(?u)&(.+?);', htmlentity_transform, s)
return result
-def encodeFilename(s):
+
+def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
"""
@param s The name of the file
"""
- assert type(s) == type(u'')
+ assert type(s) == compat_str
# Python 3 has a Unicode API
if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
# Pass u'' directly to use Unicode APIs on Windows 2000 and up
# (Detecting Windows NT 4 is tricky because 'major >= 4' would
# match Windows 9x series as well. Besides, NT 4 is obsolete.)
- return s
+ if not for_subprocess:
+ return s
+ else:
+ # For subprocess calls, encode with locale encoding
+ # Refer to http://stackoverflow.com/a/9951851/35070
+ encoding = preferredencoding()
else:
encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
- if encoding is None:
- encoding = 'utf-8'
- return s.encode(encoding, 'ignore')
+ if encoding is None:
+ encoding = 'utf-8'
+ return s.encode(encoding, 'ignore')
+
def decodeOption(optval):
if optval is None:
else:
return '%d' % secs
-def make_HTTPS_handler(opts):
- if sys.version_info < (3,2):
- # Python's 2.x handler is very simplistic
- return compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler()
+
+def make_HTTPS_handler(opts_no_check_certificate, **kwargs):
+ if sys.version_info < (3, 2):
+ import httplib
+
+ class HTTPSConnectionV3(httplib.HTTPSConnection):
+ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+ httplib.HTTPSConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+ def connect(self):
+ sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port), self.timeout)
+ if getattr(self, '_tunnel_host', False):
+ self.sock = sock
+ self._tunnel()
+ try:
+ self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file, ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3)
+ except ssl.SSLError:
+ self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file, ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
+
+ class HTTPSHandlerV3(compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler):
+ def https_open(self, req):
+ return self.do_open(HTTPSConnectionV3, req)
+ return HTTPSHandlerV3(**kwargs)
else:
- import ssl
- context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
- context.set_default_verify_paths()
-
+ context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3)
context.verify_mode = (ssl.CERT_NONE
- if opts.no_check_certificate
+ if opts_no_check_certificate
else ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
- return compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler(context=context)
+ context.set_default_verify_paths()
+ try:
+ context.load_default_certs()
+ except AttributeError:
+ pass # Python < 3.4
+ return compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler(context=context, **kwargs)
class ExtractorError(Exception):
"""Error during info extraction."""
- def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False):
+ def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False, cause=None):
""" tb, if given, is the original traceback (so that it can be printed out).
If expected is set, this is a normal error message and most likely not a bug in youtube-dl.
"""
if sys.exc_info()[0] in (compat_urllib_error.URLError, socket.timeout, UnavailableVideoError):
expected = True
if not expected:
- msg = msg + u'; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug . Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its complete output.'
+ msg = msg + u'; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug . Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its complete output. Make sure you are using the latest version; type youtube-dl -U to update.'
super(ExtractorError, self).__init__(msg)
self.traceback = tb
self.exc_info = sys.exc_info() # preserve original exception
+ self.cause = cause
def format_traceback(self):
if self.traceback is None:
return u''.join(traceback.format_tb(self.traceback))
+class RegexNotFoundError(ExtractorError):
+ """Error when a regex didn't match"""
+ pass
+
+
class DownloadError(Exception):
"""Download Error exception.
old_resp = resp
# gzip
if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'gzip':
- gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(resp.read()), mode='r')
- resp = self.addinfourl_wrapper(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
+ content = resp.read()
+ gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(content), mode='rb')
+ try:
+ uncompressed = io.BytesIO(gz.read())
+ except IOError as original_ioerror:
+ # There may be junk add the end of the file
+ # See http://stackoverflow.com/q/4928560/35070 for details
+ for i in range(1, 1024):
+ try:
+ gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(content[:-i]), mode='rb')
+ uncompressed = io.BytesIO(gz.read())
+ except IOError:
+ continue
+ break
+ else:
+ raise original_ioerror
+ resp = self.addinfourl_wrapper(uncompressed, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
resp.msg = old_resp.msg
# deflate
if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'deflate':
https_request = http_request
https_response = http_response
+
def unified_strdate(date_str):
"""Return a string with the date in the format YYYYMMDD"""
upload_date = None
#Replace commas
- date_str = date_str.replace(',',' ')
+ date_str = date_str.replace(',', ' ')
# %z (UTC offset) is only supported in python>=3.2
- date_str = re.sub(r' (\+|-)[\d]*$', '', date_str)
- format_expressions = ['%d %B %Y', '%B %d %Y', '%b %d %Y', '%Y-%m-%d', '%d/%m/%Y', '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S', '%d.%m.%Y %H:%M']
+ date_str = re.sub(r' ?(\+|-)[0-9]{2}:?[0-9]{2}$', '', date_str)
+ format_expressions = [
+ '%d %B %Y',
+ '%d %b %Y',
+ '%B %d %Y',
+ '%b %d %Y',
+ '%Y-%m-%d',
+ '%d/%m/%Y',
+ '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',
+ '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
+ '%d.%m.%Y %H:%M',
+ '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ',
+ '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ',
+ '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f0Z',
+ '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S',
+ '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M',
+ ]
for expression in format_expressions:
try:
upload_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression).strftime('%Y%m%d')
- except:
+ except ValueError:
pass
+ if upload_date is None:
+ timetuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date_str)
+ if timetuple:
+ upload_date = datetime.datetime(*timetuple[:6]).strftime('%Y%m%d')
return upload_date
def determine_ext(url, default_ext=u'unknown_video'):
else:
return default_ext
+def subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format):
+ return filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0] + u'.' + sub_lang + u'.' + sub_format
+
def date_from_str(date_str):
"""
Return a datetime object from a string in the format YYYYMMDD or
return today + delta
return datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, "%Y%m%d").date()
+def hyphenate_date(date_str):
+ """
+ Convert a date in 'YYYYMMDD' format to 'YYYY-MM-DD' format"""
+ match = re.match(r'^(\d\d\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)$', date_str)
+ if match is not None:
+ return '-'.join(match.groups())
+ else:
+ return date_str
+
class DateRange(object):
"""Represents a time interval between two dates"""
def __init__(self, start=None, end=None):
return self.start <= date <= self.end
def __str__(self):
return '%s - %s' % ( self.start.isoformat(), self.end.isoformat())
+
+
+def platform_name():
+ """ Returns the platform name as a compat_str """
+ res = platform.platform()
+ if isinstance(res, bytes):
+ res = res.decode(preferredencoding())
+
+ assert isinstance(res, compat_str)
+ return res
+
+
+def write_string(s, out=None):
+ if out is None:
+ out = sys.stderr
+ assert type(s) == compat_str
+
+ if ('b' in getattr(out, 'mode', '') or
+ sys.version_info[0] < 3): # Python 2 lies about mode of sys.stderr
+ s = s.encode(preferredencoding(), 'ignore')
+ try:
+ out.write(s)
+ except UnicodeEncodeError:
+ # In Windows shells, this can fail even when the codec is just charmap!?
+ # See https://wiki.python.org/moin/PrintFails#Issue
+ if sys.platform == 'win32' and hasattr(out, 'encoding'):
+ s = s.encode(out.encoding, 'ignore').decode(out.encoding)
+ out.write(s)
+ else:
+ raise
+
+ out.flush()
+
+
+def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
+ if not bs:
+ return []
+ if isinstance(bs[0], int): # Python 3
+ return list(bs)
+ else:
+ return [ord(c) for c in bs]
+
+
+def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
+ if not xs:
+ return b''
+ if isinstance(chr(0), bytes): # Python 2
+ return ''.join([chr(x) for x in xs])
+ else:
+ return bytes(xs)
+
+
+def get_cachedir(params={}):
+ cache_root = os.environ.get('XDG_CACHE_HOME',
+ os.path.expanduser('~/.cache'))
+ return params.get('cachedir', os.path.join(cache_root, 'youtube-dl'))
+
+
+# Cross-platform file locking
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+ import ctypes.wintypes
+ import msvcrt
+
+ class OVERLAPPED(ctypes.Structure):
+ _fields_ = [
+ ('Internal', ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID),
+ ('InternalHigh', ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID),
+ ('Offset', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+ ('OffsetHigh', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+ ('hEvent', ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE),
+ ]
+
+ kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
+ LockFileEx = kernel32.LockFileEx
+ LockFileEx.argtypes = [
+ ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, # hFile
+ ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, # dwFlags
+ ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, # dwReserved
+ ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, # nNumberOfBytesToLockLow
+ ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, # nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
+ ctypes.POINTER(OVERLAPPED) # Overlapped
+ ]
+ LockFileEx.restype = ctypes.wintypes.BOOL
+ UnlockFileEx = kernel32.UnlockFileEx
+ UnlockFileEx.argtypes = [
+ ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, # hFile
+ ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, # dwReserved
+ ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, # nNumberOfBytesToLockLow
+ ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, # nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
+ ctypes.POINTER(OVERLAPPED) # Overlapped
+ ]
+ UnlockFileEx.restype = ctypes.wintypes.BOOL
+ whole_low = 0xffffffff
+ whole_high = 0x7fffffff
+
+ def _lock_file(f, exclusive):
+ overlapped = OVERLAPPED()
+ overlapped.Offset = 0
+ overlapped.OffsetHigh = 0
+ overlapped.hEvent = 0
+ f._lock_file_overlapped_p = ctypes.pointer(overlapped)
+ handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())
+ if not LockFileEx(handle, 0x2 if exclusive else 0x0, 0,
+ whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):
+ raise OSError('Locking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
+
+ def _unlock_file(f):
+ assert f._lock_file_overlapped_p
+ handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())
+ if not UnlockFileEx(handle, 0,
+ whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):
+ raise OSError('Unlocking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
+
+else:
+ import fcntl
+
+ def _lock_file(f, exclusive):
+ fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX if exclusive else fcntl.LOCK_SH)
+
+ def _unlock_file(f):
+ fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+
+
+class locked_file(object):
+ def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None):
+ assert mode in ['r', 'a', 'w']
+ self.f = io.open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding)
+ self.mode = mode
+
+ def __enter__(self):
+ exclusive = self.mode != 'r'
+ try:
+ _lock_file(self.f, exclusive)
+ except IOError:
+ self.f.close()
+ raise
+ return self
+
+ def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
+ try:
+ _unlock_file(self.f)
+ finally:
+ self.f.close()
+
+ def __iter__(self):
+ return iter(self.f)
+
+ def write(self, *args):
+ return self.f.write(*args)
+
+ def read(self, *args):
+ return self.f.read(*args)
+
+
+def shell_quote(args):
+ quoted_args = []
+ encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+ if encoding is None:
+ encoding = 'utf-8'
+ for a in args:
+ if isinstance(a, bytes):
+ # We may get a filename encoded with 'encodeFilename'
+ a = a.decode(encoding)
+ quoted_args.append(pipes.quote(a))
+ return u' '.join(quoted_args)
+
+
+def takewhile_inclusive(pred, seq):
+ """ Like itertools.takewhile, but include the latest evaluated element
+ (the first element so that Not pred(e)) """
+ for e in seq:
+ yield e
+ if not pred(e):
+ return
+
+
+def smuggle_url(url, data):
+ """ Pass additional data in a URL for internal use. """
+
+ sdata = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(
+ {u'__youtubedl_smuggle': json.dumps(data)})
+ return url + u'#' + sdata
+
+
+def unsmuggle_url(smug_url, default=None):
+ if not '#__youtubedl_smuggle' in smug_url:
+ return smug_url, default
+ url, _, sdata = smug_url.rpartition(u'#')
+ jsond = compat_parse_qs(sdata)[u'__youtubedl_smuggle'][0]
+ data = json.loads(jsond)
+ return url, data
+
+
+def format_bytes(bytes):
+ if bytes is None:
+ return u'N/A'
+ if type(bytes) is str:
+ bytes = float(bytes)
+ if bytes == 0.0:
+ exponent = 0
+ else:
+ exponent = int(math.log(bytes, 1024.0))
+ suffix = [u'B', u'KiB', u'MiB', u'GiB', u'TiB', u'PiB', u'EiB', u'ZiB', u'YiB'][exponent]
+ converted = float(bytes) / float(1024 ** exponent)
+ return u'%.2f%s' % (converted, suffix)
+
+
+def str_to_int(int_str):
+ int_str = re.sub(r'[,\.]', u'', int_str)
+ return int(int_str)
+
+
+def get_term_width():
+ columns = os.environ.get('COLUMNS', None)
+ if columns:
+ return int(columns)
+
+ try:
+ sp = subprocess.Popen(
+ ['stty', 'size'],
+ stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+ out, err = sp.communicate()
+ return int(out.split()[1])
+ except:
+ pass
+ return None
+
+
+def month_by_name(name):
+ """ Return the number of a month by (locale-independently) English name """
+
+ ENGLISH_NAMES = [
+ u'January', u'February', u'March', u'April', u'May', u'June',
+ u'July', u'August', u'September', u'October', u'November', u'December']
+ try:
+ return ENGLISH_NAMES.index(name) + 1
+ except ValueError:
+ return None
+
+
+def fix_xml_ampersands(xml_str):
+ """Replace all the '&' by '&' in XML"""
+ return re.sub(
+ r'&(?!amp;|lt;|gt;|apos;|quot;|#x[0-9a-fA-F]{,4};|#[0-9]{,4};)',
+ u'&',
+ xml_str)
+
+
+def setproctitle(title):
+ assert isinstance(title, compat_str)
+ try:
+ libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary("libc.so.6")
+ except OSError:
+ return
+ title = title
+ buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(len(title) + 1)
+ buf.value = title.encode('utf-8')
+ try:
+ libc.prctl(15, ctypes.byref(buf), 0, 0, 0)
+ except AttributeError:
+ return # Strange libc, just skip this
+
+
+def remove_start(s, start):
+ if s.startswith(start):
+ return s[len(start):]
+ return s
+
+
+def url_basename(url):
+ path = compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).path
+ return path.strip(u'/').split(u'/')[-1]
+
+
+class HEADRequest(compat_urllib_request.Request):
+ def get_method(self):
+ return "HEAD"
+
+
+def int_or_none(v, scale=1):
+ return v if v is None else (int(v) // scale)
+
+
+def parse_duration(s):
+ if s is None:
+ return None
+
+ m = re.match(
+ r'(?:(?:(?P<hours>[0-9]+)[:h])?(?P<mins>[0-9]+)[:m])?(?P<secs>[0-9]+)s?$', s)
+ if not m:
+ return None
+ res = int(m.group('secs'))
+ if m.group('mins'):
+ res += int(m.group('mins')) * 60
+ if m.group('hours'):
+ res += int(m.group('hours')) * 60 * 60
+ return res
+
+
+def prepend_extension(filename, ext):
+ name, real_ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
+ return u'{0}.{1}{2}'.format(name, ext, real_ext)
+
+
+def check_executable(exe, args=[]):
+ """ Checks if the given binary is installed somewhere in PATH, and returns its name.
+ args can be a list of arguments for a short output (like -version) """
+ try:
+ subprocess.Popen([exe] + args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
+ except OSError:
+ return False
+ return exe
+
+
+class PagedList(object):
+ def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize):
+ self._pagefunc = pagefunc
+ self._pagesize = pagesize
+
+ def __len__(self):
+ # This is only useful for tests
+ return len(self.getslice())
+
+ def getslice(self, start=0, end=None):
+ res = []
+ for pagenum in itertools.count(start // self._pagesize):
+ firstid = pagenum * self._pagesize
+ nextfirstid = pagenum * self._pagesize + self._pagesize
+ if start >= nextfirstid:
+ continue
+
+ page_results = list(self._pagefunc(pagenum))
+
+ startv = (
+ start % self._pagesize
+ if firstid <= start < nextfirstid
+ else 0)
+
+ endv = (
+ ((end - 1) % self._pagesize) + 1
+ if (end is not None and firstid <= end <= nextfirstid)
+ else None)
+
+ if startv != 0 or endv is not None:
+ page_results = page_results[startv:endv]
+ res.extend(page_results)
+
+ # A little optimization - if current page is not "full", ie. does
+ # not contain page_size videos then we can assume that this page
+ # is the last one - there are no more ids on further pages -
+ # i.e. no need to query again.
+ if len(page_results) + startv < self._pagesize:
+ break
+
+ # If we got the whole page, but the next page is not interesting,
+ # break out early as well
+ if end == nextfirstid:
+ break
+ return res
+
+
+def uppercase_escape(s):
+ return re.sub(
+ r'\\U([0-9a-fA-F]{8})',
+ lambda m: compat_chr(int(m.group(1), base=16)), s)
+
+try:
+ struct.pack(u'!I', 0)
+except TypeError:
+ # In Python 2.6 (and some 2.7 versions), struct requires a bytes argument
+ def struct_pack(spec, *args):
+ if isinstance(spec, compat_str):
+ spec = spec.encode('ascii')
+ return struct.pack(spec, *args)
+
+ def struct_unpack(spec, *args):
+ if isinstance(spec, compat_str):
+ spec = spec.encode('ascii')
+ return struct.unpack(spec, *args)
+else:
+ struct_pack = struct.pack
+ struct_unpack = struct.unpack