Prepare for release.

[youtubedl] / youtube_dl / extractor / youtube.py
diff --git a/youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py b/youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

index 9e2373bd5473c8a23d5177ee6d4450a9fe86bcdb..3690f8021267b30171be4f2e7a019133aaeaaca9 100644 (file)
--- a/youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py
+++ b/youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py
@@ -1,702 +1,901 @@
  # coding: utf-8
  
  # coding: utf-8
  
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+
+import itertools
  import json
  import json
-import netrc
+import os.path
  import re
  import re
-import socket
-import itertools
+import time
+import traceback
  
  from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  
  from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    compat_http_client,
+from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
+from ..swfinterp import SWFInterpreter
+from ..compat import (
+    compat_chr,
      compat_parse_qs,
      compat_parse_qs,
-    compat_urllib_error,
      compat_urllib_parse,
      compat_urllib_request,
      compat_urllib_parse,
      compat_urllib_request,
+    compat_urlparse,
      compat_str,
      compat_str,
-
+)
+from ..utils import (
      clean_html,
      clean_html,
-    get_element_by_id,
      ExtractorError,
      ExtractorError,
+    float_or_none,
+    get_element_by_attribute,
+    get_element_by_id,
+    int_or_none,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
+    orderedSet,
      unescapeHTML,
      unified_strdate,
      unescapeHTML,
      unified_strdate,
-    orderedSet,
+    uppercase_escape,
  )
  
  )
  
+
  class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
      """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
      _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
      """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
      _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
-    _LANG_URL = r'https://www.youtube.com/?hl=en&persist_hl=1&gl=US&persist_gl=1&opt_out_ackd=1'
-    _AGE_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/verify_age?next_url=/&gl=US&hl=en'
+    _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/SecondFactor'
      _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
      # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
      _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  
      _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
      # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
      _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  
-    def report_lang(self):
-        """Report attempt to set language."""
-        self.to_screen(u'Setting language')
-
      def _set_language(self):
      def _set_language(self):
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LANG_URL)
-        try:
-            self.report_lang()
-            compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read()
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to set language: %s' % compat_str(err))
-            return False
-        return True
+        self._set_cookie(
+            '.youtube.com', 'PREF', 'f1=50000000&hl=en',
+            # YouTube sets the expire time to about two months
+            expire_time=time.time() + 2 * 30 * 24 * 3600)
  
      def _login(self):
  
      def _login(self):
+        """
+        Attempt to log in to YouTube.
+        True is returned if successful or skipped.
+        False is returned if login failed.
+
+        If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
+        """
          (username, password) = self._get_login_info()
          # No authentication to be performed
          if username is None:
              if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED:
          (username, password) = self._get_login_info()
          # No authentication to be performed
          if username is None:
              if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
-            return False
-
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL)
-        try:
-            login_page = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to fetch login page: %s' % compat_str(err))
-            return False
+                raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
+            return True
+
+        login_page = self._download_webpage(
+            self._LOGIN_URL, None,
+            note='Downloading login page',
+            errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
+        if login_page is False:
+            return
  
  
-        galx = None
-        dsh = None
-        match = re.search(re.compile(r'<input.+?name="GALX".+?value="(.+?)"', re.DOTALL), login_page)
-        if match:
-          galx = match.group(1)
-        match = re.search(re.compile(r'<input.+?name="dsh".+?value="(.+?)"', re.DOTALL), login_page)
-        if match:
-          dsh = match.group(1)
+        galx = self._search_regex(r'(?s)<input.+?name="GALX".+?value="(.+?)"',
+                                  login_page, 'Login GALX parameter')
  
          # Log in
          login_form_strs = {
  
          # Log in
          login_form_strs = {
-                u'continue': u'https://www.youtube.com/signin?action_handle_signin=true&feature=sign_in_button&hl=en_US&nomobiletemp=1',
-                u'Email': username,
-                u'GALX': galx,
-                u'Passwd': password,
-                u'PersistentCookie': u'yes',
-                u'_utf8': u'霱',
-                u'bgresponse': u'js_disabled',
-                u'checkConnection': u'',
-                u'checkedDomains': u'youtube',
-                u'dnConn': u'',
-                u'dsh': dsh,
-                u'pstMsg': u'0',
-                u'rmShown': u'1',
-                u'secTok': u'',
-                u'signIn': u'Sign in',
-                u'timeStmp': u'',
-                u'service': u'youtube',
-                u'uilel': u'3',
-                u'hl': u'en_US',
+            'continue': 'https://www.youtube.com/signin?action_handle_signin=true&feature=sign_in_button&hl=en_US&nomobiletemp=1',
+            'Email': username,
+            'GALX': galx,
+            'Passwd': password,
+
+            'PersistentCookie': 'yes',
+            '_utf8': '霱',
+            'bgresponse': 'js_disabled',
+            'checkConnection': '',
+            'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
+            'dnConn': '',
+            'pstMsg': '0',
+            'rmShown': '1',
+            'secTok': '',
+            'signIn': 'Sign in',
+            'timeStmp': '',
+            'service': 'youtube',
+            'uilel': '3',
+            'hl': 'en_US',
          }
          }
+
          # Convert to UTF-8 *before* urlencode because Python 2.x's urlencode
          # chokes on unicode
          # Convert to UTF-8 *before* urlencode because Python 2.x's urlencode
          # chokes on unicode
-        login_form = dict((k.encode('utf-8'), v.encode('utf-8')) for k,v in login_form_strs.items())
+        login_form = dict((k.encode('utf-8'), v.encode('utf-8')) for k, v in login_form_strs.items())
          login_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(login_form).encode('ascii')
          login_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(login_form).encode('ascii')
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL, login_data)
-        try:
-            self.report_login()
-            login_results = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-            if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', login_results) is not None:
-                self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to log in: bad username or password')
-                return False
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to log in: %s' % compat_str(err))
+
+        req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL, login_data)
+        login_results = self._download_webpage(
+            req, None,
+            note='Logging in', errnote='unable to log in', fatal=False)
+        if login_results is False:
              return False
              return False
-        return True
  
  
-    def _confirm_age(self):
-        age_form = {
-                'next_url':     '/',
-                'action_confirm':   'Confirm',
-                }
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._AGE_URL, compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(age_form))
-        try:
-            self.report_age_confirmation()
-            compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to confirm age: %s' % compat_str(err))
+        if re.search(r'id="errormsg_0_Passwd"', login_results) is not None:
+            raise ExtractorError('Please use your account password and a two-factor code instead of an application-specific password.', expected=True)
+
+        # Two-Factor
+        # TODO add SMS and phone call support - these require making a request and then prompting the user
+
+        if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_secondfactorform"', login_results) is not None:
+            tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info()
+
+            if tfa_code is None:
+                self._downloader.report_warning('Two-factor authentication required. Provide it with --twofactor <code>')
+                self._downloader.report_warning('(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
+                return False
+
+            # Unlike the first login form, secTok and timeStmp are both required for the TFA form
+
+            match = re.search(r'id="secTok"\n\s+value=\'(.+)\'/>', login_results, re.M | re.U)
+            if match is None:
+                self._downloader.report_warning('Failed to get secTok - did the page structure change?')
+            secTok = match.group(1)
+            match = re.search(r'id="timeStmp"\n\s+value=\'(.+)\'/>', login_results, re.M | re.U)
+            if match is None:
+                self._downloader.report_warning('Failed to get timeStmp - did the page structure change?')
+            timeStmp = match.group(1)
+
+            tfa_form_strs = {
+                'continue': 'https://www.youtube.com/signin?action_handle_signin=true&feature=sign_in_button&hl=en_US&nomobiletemp=1',
+                'smsToken': '',
+                'smsUserPin': tfa_code,
+                'smsVerifyPin': 'Verify',
+
+                'PersistentCookie': 'yes',
+                'checkConnection': '',
+                'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
+                'pstMsg': '1',
+                'secTok': secTok,
+                'timeStmp': timeStmp,
+                'service': 'youtube',
+                'hl': 'en_US',
+            }
+            tfa_form = dict((k.encode('utf-8'), v.encode('utf-8')) for k, v in tfa_form_strs.items())
+            tfa_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(tfa_form).encode('ascii')
+
+            tfa_req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._TWOFACTOR_URL, tfa_data)
+            tfa_results = self._download_webpage(
+                tfa_req, None,
+                note='Submitting TFA code', errnote='unable to submit tfa', fatal=False)
+
+            if tfa_results is False:
+                return False
+
+            if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_secondfactorform"', tfa_results) is not None:
+                self._downloader.report_warning('Two-factor code expired. Please try again, or use a one-use backup code instead.')
+                return False
+            if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', tfa_results) is not None:
+                self._downloader.report_warning('unable to log in - did the page structure change?')
+                return False
+            if re.search(r'smsauth-interstitial-reviewsettings', tfa_results) is not None:
+                self._downloader.report_warning('Your Google account has a security notice. Please log in on your web browser, resolve the notice, and try again.')
+                return False
+
+        if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', login_results) is not None:
+            self._downloader.report_warning('unable to log in: bad username or password')
+            return False
          return True
  
      def _real_initialize(self):
          if self._downloader is None:
              return
          return True
  
      def _real_initialize(self):
          if self._downloader is None:
              return
-        if not self._set_language():
-            return
+        self._set_language()
          if not self._login():
              return
          if not self._login():
              return
-        self._confirm_age()
+
  
  class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
  
  class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com'
-    _VALID_URL = r"""^
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
+    _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
                       (
                       (
-                         (?:https?://)?                                       # http(s):// (optional)
-                         (?:youtu\.be/|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
-                            tube\.majestyc\.net/)                             # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
+                         (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
+                         (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
+                            (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
+                            (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
+                            (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
+                            tube\.majestyc\.net/|
+                            youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
                           (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
                           (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
                           (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
                           (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
-                             (?:(?:v|embed|e)/)                               # v/ or embed/ or e/
+                             (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
                               |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
                               |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
-                                 (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?)?    # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
+                                 (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
                                   (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
                                   (?:.*?&)?                                    # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx)
                                   v=
                               )
                                   (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
                                   (?:.*?&)?                                    # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx)
                                   v=
                               )
-                         )?                                                   # optional -> youtube.com/xxxx is OK
+                         ))
+                         |youtu\.be/                                          # just youtu.be/xxxx
+                         |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
+                         )
                       )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
                       )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
-                     ([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)                                         # here is it! the YouTube video ID
+                     ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
+                     (?!.*?&list=)                                            # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
                       (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
                       $"""
      _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
                       (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
                       $"""
      _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
-    # Listed in order of quality
-    _available_formats = ['38', '37', '46', '22', '45', '35', '44', '34', '18', '43', '6', '5', '17', '13',
-                          '95', '94', '93', '92', '132', '151',
-                          # 3D
-                          '85', '84', '102', '83', '101', '82', '100',
-                          # Dash video
-                          '138', '137', '248', '136', '247', '135', '246',
-                          '245', '244', '134', '243', '133', '242', '160',
-                          # Dash audio
-                          '141', '172', '140', '171', '139',
-                          ]
-    _available_formats_prefer_free = ['38', '46', '37', '45', '22', '44', '35', '43', '34', '18', '6', '5', '17', '13',
-                                      '95', '94', '93', '92', '132', '151',
-                                      '85', '102', '84', '101', '83', '100', '82',
-                                      # Dash video
-                                      '138', '248', '137', '247', '136', '246', '245',
-                                      '244', '135', '243', '134', '242', '133', '160',
-                                      # Dash audio
-                                      '172', '141', '171', '140', '139',
-                                      ]
-    _video_extensions = {
-        '13': '3gp',
-        '17': 'mp4',
-        '18': 'mp4',
-        '22': 'mp4',
-        '37': 'mp4',
-        '38': 'mp4',
-        '43': 'webm',
-        '44': 'webm',
-        '45': 'webm',
-        '46': 'webm',
+    _formats = {
+        '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240},
+        '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270},
+        '13': {'ext': '3gp'},
+        '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144},
+        '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
+        '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
+        '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
+        '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
+        '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'height': 240},
+        '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
+        '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072},
+        '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
+        '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
+        '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
+        '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
+
  
          # 3d videos
  
          # 3d videos
-        '82': 'mp4',
-        '83': 'mp4',
-        '84': 'mp4',
-        '85': 'mp4',
-        '100': 'webm',
-        '101': 'webm',
-        '102': 'webm',
-
-        # videos that use m3u8
-        '92': 'mp4',
-        '93': 'mp4',
-        '94': 'mp4',
-        '95': 'mp4',
-        '96': 'mp4',
-        '132': 'mp4',
-        '151': 'mp4',
-
-        # Dash mp4
-        '133': 'mp4',
-        '134': 'mp4',
-        '135': 'mp4',
-        '136': 'mp4',
-        '137': 'mp4',
-        '138': 'mp4',
-        '139': 'mp4',
-        '140': 'mp4',
-        '141': 'mp4',
-        '160': 'mp4',
+        '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+
+        # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
+        '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+
+        # DASH mp4 video
+        '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
+        '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+
+        # Dash mp4 audio
+        '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+        '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+        '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
  
          # Dash webm
  
          # Dash webm
-        '171': 'webm',
-        '172': 'webm',
-        '242': 'webm',
-        '243': 'webm',
-        '244': 'webm',
-        '245': 'webm',
-        '246': 'webm',
-        '247': 'webm',
-        '248': 'webm',
-    }
-    _video_dimensions = {
-        '5': '240x400',
-        '6': '???',
-        '13': '???',
-        '17': '144x176',
-        '18': '360x640',
-        '22': '720x1280',
-        '34': '360x640',
-        '35': '480x854',
-        '37': '1080x1920',
-        '38': '3072x4096',
-        '43': '360x640',
-        '44': '480x854',
-        '45': '720x1280',
-        '46': '1080x1920',
-        '82': '360p',
-        '83': '480p',
-        '84': '720p',
-        '85': '1080p',
-        '92': '240p',
-        '93': '360p',
-        '94': '480p',
-        '95': '720p',
-        '96': '1080p',
-        '100': '360p',
-        '101': '480p',
-        '102': '720p',
-        '132': '240p',
-        '151': '72p',
-        '133': '240p',
-        '134': '360p',
-        '135': '480p',
-        '136': '720p',
-        '137': '1080p',
-        '138': '>1080p',
-        '139': '48k',
-        '140': '128k',
-        '141': '256k',
-        '160': '192p',
-        '171': '128k',
-        '172': '256k',
-        '242': '240p',
-        '243': '360p',
-        '244': '480p',
-        '245': '480p',
-        '246': '480p',
-        '247': '720p',
-        '248': '1080p',
-    }
-    _special_itags = {
-        '82': '3D',
-        '83': '3D',
-        '84': '3D',
-        '85': '3D',
-        '100': '3D',
-        '101': '3D',
-        '102': '3D',
-        '133': 'DASH Video',
-        '134': 'DASH Video',
-        '135': 'DASH Video',
-        '136': 'DASH Video',
-        '137': 'DASH Video',
-        '138': 'DASH Video',
-        '139': 'DASH Audio',
-        '140': 'DASH Audio',
-        '141': 'DASH Audio',
-        '160': 'DASH Video',
-        '171': 'DASH Audio',
-        '172': 'DASH Audio',
-        '242': 'DASH Video',
-        '243': 'DASH Video',
-        '244': 'DASH Video',
-        '245': 'DASH Video',
-        '246': 'DASH Video',
-        '247': 'DASH Video',
-        '248': 'DASH Video',
+        '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
+        '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
+        '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
+        '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
+        '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
+        '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
+        '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
+        '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
+        '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
+        '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
+        '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
+        '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
+
+        # Dash webm audio
+        '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50},
+        '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
+
+        # Dash webm audio with opus inside
+        '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50, 'preference': -50},
+        '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70, 'preference': -50},
+        '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160, 'preference': -50},
+
+        # RTMP (unnamed)
+        '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
      }
  
      }
  
-    IE_NAME = u'youtube'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube'
      _TESTS = [
          {
      _TESTS = [
          {
-            u"url":  u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc",
-            u"file":  u"BaW_jenozKc.mp4",
-            u"info_dict": {
-                u"title": u"youtube-dl test video \"'/\\ä↭𝕐",
-                u"uploader": u"Philipp Hagemeister",
-                u"uploader_id": u"phihag",
-                u"upload_date": u"20121002",
-                u"description": u"test chars:  \"'/\\ä↭𝕐\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de ."
+            'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
+                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'uploader_id': 'phihag',
+                'upload_date': '20121002',
+                'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
+                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
+                'like_count': int,
+                'dislike_count': int,
              }
          },
          {
              }
          },
          {
-            u"url":  u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ltcDfZMA3U",
-            u"file":  u"1ltcDfZMA3U.flv",
-            u"note": u"Test VEVO video (#897)",
-            u"info_dict": {
-                u"upload_date": u"20070518",
-                u"title": u"Maps - It Will Find You",
-                u"description": u"Music video by Maps performing It Will Find You.",
-                u"uploader": u"MuteUSA",
-                u"uploader_id": u"MuteUSA"
+            'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY',
+            'note': 'Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'UxxajLWwzqY',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20120506',
+                'title': 'Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]',
+                'description': 'md5:fea86fda2d5a5784273df5c7cc994d9f',
+                'uploader': 'Icona Pop',
+                'uploader_id': 'IconaPop',
              }
          },
          {
              }
          },
          {
-            u"url":  u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY",
-            u"file":  u"UxxajLWwzqY.mp4",
-            u"note": u"Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)",
-            u"info_dict": {
-                u"upload_date": u"20120506",
-                u"title": u"Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]",
-                u"description": u"md5:3e2666e0a55044490499ea45fe9037b7",
-                u"uploader": u"Icona Pop",
-                u"uploader_id": u"IconaPop"
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ',
+            'note': 'Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '07FYdnEawAQ',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20130703',
+                'title': 'Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Explicit)',
+                'description': 'md5:64249768eec3bc4276236606ea996373',
+                'uploader': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
+                'uploader_id': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
              }
          },
          {
              }
          },
          {
-            u"url":  u"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ",
-            u"file":  u"07FYdnEawAQ.mp4",
-            u"note": u"Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)",
-            u"info_dict": {
-                u"upload_date": u"20130703",
-                u"title": u"Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Explicit)",
-                u"description": u"md5:64249768eec3bc4276236606ea996373",
-                u"uploader": u"justintimberlakeVEVO",
-                u"uploader_id": u"justintimberlakeVEVO"
+            'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
+            'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20120608',
+                'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
+                'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
+                'uploader': 'SET India',
+                'uploader_id': 'setindia'
              }
          },
          {
              }
          },
          {
-            u'url': u'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGi3HqYrWHE',
-            u'file': u'TGi3HqYrWHE.mp4',
-            u'note': u'm3u8 video',
-            u'info_dict': {
-                u'title': u'Triathlon - Men - London 2012 Olympic Games',
-                u'description': u'- Men -  TR02 - Triathlon - 07 August 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
-                u'uploader': u'olympic',
-                u'upload_date': u'20120807',
-                u'uploader_id': u'olympic',
+            'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
+            'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'upload_date': '20121002',
+                'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
+                'description': '',
+                'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
+                'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
+                'format': '141',
+            },
+        },
+        # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark ft. Spree Wilson',
+                'description': 'md5:12e7067fa6735a77bdcbb58cb1187d2d',
+                'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
+                'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
+                'upload_date': '20131011',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
+                'format': '141',
+            },
+        },
+        # JS player signature function name containing $
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'nfWlot6h_JM',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'title': 'Taylor Swift - Shake It Off',
+                'description': 'md5:2acfda1b285bdd478ccec22f9918199d',
+                'uploader': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
+                'uploader_id': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
+                'upload_date': '20140818',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
+                'format': '141',
              },
              },
-            u'params': {
-                u'skip_download': True,
+        },
+        # Controversy video
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20100909',
+                'uploader': 'The Amazing Atheist',
+                'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
+                'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
+                'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms\n\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
+            }
+        },
+        # Normal age-gate video (No vevo, embed allowed)
+        {
+            'url': 'http://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
+                'description': 're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
+                'uploader': 'The Witcher',
+                'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
+                'upload_date': '20140605',
              },
          },
              },
          },
+        # Age-gate video with encrypted signature
+        {
+            'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kLq3WMV1nU',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '6kLq3WMV1nU',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Dedication To My Ex (Miss That) (Lyric Video)',
+                'description': 'md5:33765bb339e1b47e7e72b5490139bb41',
+                'uploader': 'LloydVEVO',
+                'uploader_id': 'LloydVEVO',
+                'upload_date': '20110629',
+            },
+        },
+        # video_info is None (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
+        {
+            'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20100430',
+                'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
+                'description': 'md5:12c56784b8032162bb936a5f76d55360',
+                'uploader': 'deadmau5',
+                'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
+            },
+            'expected_warnings': [
+                'DASH manifest missing',
+            ]
+        },
+        # Olympics (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
+        {
+            'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20120731',
+                'uploader_id': 'olympic',
+                'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
+                'uploader': 'Olympics',
+                'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
+            }
+        },
+        # Non-square pixels
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
+                'upload_date': '20110310',
+                'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
+                'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
+                'uploader': '孫艾倫',
+                'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
+            },
+        }
      ]
  
      ]
  
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
-        if YoutubePlaylistIE.suitable(url) or YoutubeSubscriptionsIE.suitable(url): return False
-        return re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE) is not None
-
-    def report_video_webpage_download(self, video_id):
-        """Report attempt to download video webpage."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading video webpage' % video_id)
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._player_cache = {}
  
      def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
          """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
  
      def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
          """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
-
-    def report_video_subtitles_download(self, video_id):
-        """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Checking available subtitles' % video_id)
-
-    def report_video_subtitles_request(self, video_id, sub_lang, format):
-        """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading video subtitles for %s.%s' % (video_id, sub_lang, format))
-
-    def report_video_subtitles_available(self, video_id, sub_lang_list):
-        """Report available subtitles."""
-        sub_lang = ",".join(list(sub_lang_list.keys()))
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Available subtitles for video: %s' % (video_id, sub_lang))
+        self.to_screen('%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
  
      def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
          """Report attempt to extract video information."""
  
      def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
          """Report attempt to extract video information."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
+        self.to_screen('%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
  
      def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
          """Report extracted video URL."""
  
      def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
          """Report extracted video URL."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
+        self.to_screen('%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
  
      def report_rtmp_download(self):
          """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
  
      def report_rtmp_download(self):
          """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
-        self.to_screen(u'RTMP download detected')
-
-    def _decrypt_signature(self, s):
-        """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
-
-        if len(s) == 92:
-            return s[25] + s[3:25] + s[0] + s[26:42] + s[79] + s[43:79] + s[91] + s[80:83]
-        elif len(s) == 90:
-            return s[25] + s[3:25] + s[2] + s[26:40] + s[77] + s[41:77] + s[89] + s[78:81]
-        elif len(s) == 89:
-            return s[84:78:-1] + s[87] + s[77:60:-1] + s[0] + s[59:3:-1]
-        elif len(s) == 88:
-            return s[7:28] + s[87] + s[29:45] + s[55] + s[46:55] + s[2] + s[56:87] + s[28]
-        elif len(s) == 87:
-            return s[6:27] + s[4] + s[28:39] + s[27] + s[40:59] + s[2] + s[60:]
-        elif len(s) == 86:
-            return s[83:36:-1] + s[0] + s[35:2:-1]
-        elif len(s) == 85:
-            return s[83:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:27:-1] + s[3] + s[26:19:-1] + s[34] + s[18:3:-1] + s[27]
-        elif len(s) == 84:
-            return s[81:36:-1] + s[0] + s[35:2:-1]
-        elif len(s) == 83:
-            return s[81:64:-1] + s[82] + s[63:52:-1] + s[45] + s[51:45:-1] + s[1] + s[44:1:-1] + s[0]
-        elif len(s) == 82:
-            return s[1:19] + s[0] + s[20:68] + s[19] + s[69:82]
-        elif len(s) == 81:
-            return s[56] + s[79:56:-1] + s[41] + s[55:41:-1] + s[80] + s[40:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:29:-1] + s[34] + s[28:9:-1] + s[29] + s[8:0:-1] + s[9]
-        elif len(s) == 80:
-            return s[1:19] + s[0] + s[20:68] + s[19] + s[69:80]
-        elif len(s) == 79:
-            return s[54] + s[77:54:-1] + s[39] + s[53:39:-1] + s[78] + s[38:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:29:-1] + s[34] + s[28:9:-1] + s[29] + s[8:0:-1] + s[9]
-
+        self.to_screen('RTMP download detected')
+
+    def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
+        """ Return a string representation of a signature """
+        return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
+
+    def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
+        id_m = re.match(
+            r'.*?-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
+            player_url)
+        if not id_m:
+            raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
+        player_type = id_m.group('ext')
+        player_id = id_m.group('id')
+
+        # Read from filesystem cache
+        func_id = '%s_%s_%s' % (
+            player_type, player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
+        assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
+
+        cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
+        if cache_spec is not None:
+            return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
+
+        download_note = (
+            'Downloading player %s' % player_url
+            if self._downloader.params.get('verbose') else
+            'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id)
+        )
+        if player_type == 'js':
+            code = self._download_webpage(
+                player_url, video_id,
+                note=download_note,
+                errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
+            res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
+        elif player_type == 'swf':
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                player_url, video_id,
+                note=download_note,
+                errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
+            code = urlh.read()
+            res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
          else:
          else:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to decrypt signature, key length %d not supported; retrying might work' % (len(s)))
-
-    def _decrypt_signature_age_gate(self, s):
-        # The videos with age protection use another player, so the algorithms
-        # can be different.
-        if len(s) == 86:
-            return s[2:63] + s[82] + s[64:82] + s[63]
-        else:
-            # Fallback to the other algortihms
-            return self._decrypt_signature(s)
+            assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
+
+        test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
+        cache_res = res(test_string)
+        cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
+
+        self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
+        return res
+
+    def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
+        def gen_sig_code(idxs):
+            def _genslice(start, end, step):
+                starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
+                ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
+                steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
+                return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
+
+            step = None
+            # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
+            start = '(Never used)'
+            for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
+                if step is not None:
+                    if i - prev == step:
+                        continue
+                    yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
+                    step = None
+                    continue
+                if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
+                    step = i - prev
+                    start = prev
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    yield 's[%d]' % prev
+            if step is None:
+                yield 's[%d]' % i
+            else:
+                yield _genslice(start, i, step)
+
+        test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
+        cache_res = func(test_string)
+        cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
+        expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
+        signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
+            ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
+        code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
+                '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
+        self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
+
+    def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
+        funcname = self._search_regex(
+            r'\.sig\|\|([a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(', jscode,
+            'Initial JS player signature function name')
+
+        jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
+        initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
+        return lambda s: initial_function([s])
+
+    def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
+        swfi = SWFInterpreter(file_contents)
+        TARGET_CLASSNAME = 'SignatureDecipher'
+        searched_class = swfi.extract_class(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
+        initial_function = swfi.extract_function(searched_class, 'decipher')
+        return lambda s: initial_function([s])
+
+    def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
+        """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
  
  
+        if player_url is None:
+            raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
  
  
-    def _get_available_subtitles(self, video_id):
-        self.report_video_subtitles_download(video_id)
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request('http://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id)
+        if player_url.startswith('//'):
+            player_url = 'https:' + player_url
+        try:
+            player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
+            if player_id not in self._player_cache:
+                func = self._extract_signature_function(
+                    video_id, player_url, s
+                )
+                self._player_cache[player_id] = func
+            func = self._player_cache[player_id]
+            if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
+                self._print_sig_code(func, s)
+            return func(s)
+        except Exception as e:
+            tb = traceback.format_exc()
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)
+
+    def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
          try:
          try:
-            sub_list = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err))
+            subs_doc = self._download_xml(
+                'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
+                video_id, note=False)
+        except ExtractorError as err:
+            self._downloader.report_warning('unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err))
              return {}
              return {}
-        sub_lang_list = re.findall(r'name="([^"]*)"[^>]+lang_code="([\w\-]+)"', sub_list)
-        sub_lang_list = dict((l[1], l[0]) for l in sub_lang_list)
+
+        sub_lang_list = {}
+        for track in subs_doc.findall('track'):
+            lang = track.attrib['lang_code']
+            if lang in sub_lang_list:
+                continue
+            sub_formats = []
+            for ext in ['sbv', 'vtt', 'srt']:
+                params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
+                    'lang': lang,
+                    'v': video_id,
+                    'fmt': ext,
+                    'name': track.attrib['name'].encode('utf-8'),
+                })
+                sub_formats.append({
+                    'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params,
+                    'ext': ext,
+                })
+            sub_lang_list[lang] = sub_formats
          if not sub_lang_list:
          if not sub_lang_list:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'video doesn\'t have subtitles')
+            self._downloader.report_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
              return {}
          return sub_lang_list
  
              return {}
          return sub_lang_list
  
-    def _list_available_subtitles(self, video_id):
-        sub_lang_list = self._get_available_subtitles(video_id)
-        self.report_video_subtitles_available(video_id, sub_lang_list)
-
-    def _request_subtitle(self, sub_lang, sub_name, video_id, format):
-        """
-        Return the subtitle as a string or None if they are not found
-        """
-        self.report_video_subtitles_request(video_id, sub_lang, format)
-        params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
-            'lang': sub_lang,
-            'name': sub_name,
-            'v': video_id,
-            'fmt': format,
-        })
-        url = 'http://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params
-        try:
-            sub = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to download video subtitles for %s: %s' % (sub_lang, compat_str(err)))
-            return
-        if not sub:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'Did not fetch video subtitles')
-            return
-        return sub
-
-    def _request_automatic_caption(self, video_id, webpage):
+    def _get_automatic_captions(self, video_id, webpage):
          """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
             argument to speed up the process."""
          """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
             argument to speed up the process."""
-        sub_lang = (self._downloader.params.get('subtitleslangs') or ['en'])[0]
-        sub_format = self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat')
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
+        self.to_screen('%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
          mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', webpage)
          mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', webpage)
-        err_msg = u'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for "%s"' % sub_lang
+        err_msg = 'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
          if mobj is None:
              self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
              return {}
          player_config = json.loads(mobj.group(1))
          try:
          if mobj is None:
              self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
              return {}
          player_config = json.loads(mobj.group(1))
          try:
-            args = player_config[u'args']
-            caption_url = args[u'ttsurl']
-            timestamp = args[u'timestamp']
-            params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
-                'lang': 'en',
-                'tlang': sub_lang,
-                'fmt': sub_format,
-                'ts': timestamp,
-                'kind': 'asr',
+            args = player_config['args']
+            caption_url = args['ttsurl']
+            timestamp = args['timestamp']
+            # We get the available subtitles
+            list_params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
+                'type': 'list',
+                'tlangs': 1,
+                'asrs': 1,
              })
              })
-            subtitles_url = caption_url + '&' + params
-            sub = self._download_webpage(subtitles_url, video_id, u'Downloading automatic captions')
-            return {sub_lang: sub}
+            list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
+            caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
+            original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
+            if original_lang_node is None:
+                self._downloader.report_warning('Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
+                return {}
+            original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
+            caption_kind = original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind', '')
+
+            sub_lang_list = {}
+            for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
+                sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
+                sub_formats = []
+                for ext in ['sbv', 'vtt', 'srt']:
+                    params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
+                        'lang': original_lang,
+                        'tlang': sub_lang,
+                        'fmt': ext,
+                        'ts': timestamp,
+                        'kind': caption_kind,
+                    })
+                    sub_formats.append({
+                        'url': caption_url + '&' + params,
+                        'ext': ext,
+                    })
+                sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = sub_formats
+            return sub_lang_list
          # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
          # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
          except (KeyError, ExtractorError):
              self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
              return {}
          # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
          # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
          except (KeyError, ExtractorError):
              self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
              return {}
-    
-    def _extract_subtitles(self, video_id):
-        """
-        Return a dictionary: {language: subtitles} or {} if the subtitles
-        couldn't be found
-        """
-        available_subs_list = self._get_available_subtitles(video_id)
-        sub_format = self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat')
-        if  not available_subs_list: #There was some error, it didn't get the available subtitles
-            return {}
-        if self._downloader.params.get('allsubtitles', False):
-            sub_lang_list = available_subs_list
-        else:
-            if self._downloader.params.get('subtitleslangs', False):
-                reqested_langs = self._downloader.params.get('subtitleslangs')
-            elif 'en' in available_subs_list:
-                reqested_langs = ['en']
-            else:
-                reqested_langs = [list(available_subs_list.keys())[0]]
  
  
-            sub_lang_list = {}
-            for sub_lang in reqested_langs:
-                if not sub_lang in available_subs_list:
-                    self._downloader.report_warning(u'no closed captions found in the specified language "%s"' % sub_lang)
-                    continue
-                sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = available_subs_list[sub_lang]
-        subtitles = {}
-        for sub_lang in sub_lang_list:
-            subtitle = self._request_subtitle(sub_lang, sub_lang_list[sub_lang].encode('utf-8'), video_id, sub_format)
-            if subtitle:
-                subtitles[sub_lang] = subtitle
-        return subtitles
-
-    def _print_formats(self, formats):
-        print('Available formats:')
-        for x in formats:
-            print('%s\t:\t%s\t[%s]%s' %(x, self._video_extensions.get(x, 'flv'),
-                                        self._video_dimensions.get(x, '???'),
-                                        ' ('+self._special_itags[x]+')' if x in self._special_itags else ''))
-
-    def _extract_id(self, url):
-        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
+    @classmethod
+    def extract_id(cls, url):
+        mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
          if mobj is None:
          if mobj is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
          video_id = mobj.group(2)
          return video_id
  
          video_id = mobj.group(2)
          return video_id
  
-    def _get_video_url_list(self, url_map):
-        """
-        Transform a dictionary in the format {itag:url} to a list of (itag, url)
-        with the requested formats.
-        """
-        req_format = self._downloader.params.get('format', None)
-        format_limit = self._downloader.params.get('format_limit', None)
-        available_formats = self._available_formats_prefer_free if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats', False) else self._available_formats
-        if format_limit is not None and format_limit in available_formats:
-            format_list = available_formats[available_formats.index(format_limit):]
-        else:
-            format_list = available_formats
-        existing_formats = [x for x in format_list if x in url_map]
-        if len(existing_formats) == 0:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'no known formats available for video')
-        if self._downloader.params.get('listformats', None):
-            self._print_formats(existing_formats)
-            return
-        if req_format is None or req_format == 'best':
-            video_url_list = [(existing_formats[0], url_map[existing_formats[0]])] # Best quality
-        elif req_format == 'worst':
-            video_url_list = [(existing_formats[-1], url_map[existing_formats[-1]])] # worst quality
-        elif req_format in ('-1', 'all'):
-            video_url_list = [(f, url_map[f]) for f in existing_formats] # All formats
-        else:
-            # Specific formats. We pick the first in a slash-delimeted sequence.
-            # For example, if '1/2/3/4' is requested and '2' and '4' are available, we pick '2'.
-            req_formats = req_format.split('/')
-            video_url_list = None
-            for rf in req_formats:
-                if rf in url_map:
-                    video_url_list = [(rf, url_map[rf])]
-                    break
-            if video_url_list is None:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'requested format not available')
-        return video_url_list
-
      def _extract_from_m3u8(self, manifest_url, video_id):
          url_map = {}
      def _extract_from_m3u8(self, manifest_url, video_id):
          url_map = {}
+
          def _get_urls(_manifest):
              lines = _manifest.split('\n')
              urls = filter(lambda l: l and not l.startswith('#'),
          def _get_urls(_manifest):
              lines = _manifest.split('\n')
              urls = filter(lambda l: l and not l.startswith('#'),
-                            lines)
+                          lines)
              return urls
              return urls
-        manifest = self._download_webpage(manifest_url, video_id, u'Downloading formats manifest')
+        manifest = self._download_webpage(manifest_url, video_id, 'Downloading formats manifest')
          formats_urls = _get_urls(manifest)
          for format_url in formats_urls:
              itag = self._search_regex(r'itag/(\d+?)/', format_url, 'itag')
              url_map[itag] = format_url
          return url_map
  
          formats_urls = _get_urls(manifest)
          for format_url in formats_urls:
              itag = self._search_regex(r'itag/(\d+?)/', format_url, 'itag')
              url_map[itag] = format_url
          return url_map
  
+    def _extract_annotations(self, video_id):
+        url = 'https://www.youtube.com/annotations_invideo?features=1&legacy=1&video_id=%s' % video_id
+        return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note='Searching for annotations.', errnote='Unable to download video annotations.')
+
+    def _parse_dash_manifest(
+            self, video_id, dash_manifest_url, player_url, age_gate):
+        def decrypt_sig(mobj):
+            s = mobj.group(1)
+            dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
+            return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
+        dash_manifest_url = re.sub(r'/s/([\w\.]+)', decrypt_sig, dash_manifest_url)
+        dash_doc = self._download_xml(
+            dash_manifest_url, video_id,
+            note='Downloading DASH manifest',
+            errnote='Could not download DASH manifest')
+
+        formats = []
+        for r in dash_doc.findall('.//{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}Representation'):
+            url_el = r.find('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}BaseURL')
+            if url_el is None:
+                continue
+            format_id = r.attrib['id']
+            video_url = url_el.text
+            filesize = int_or_none(url_el.attrib.get('{http://youtube.com/yt/2012/10/10}contentLength'))
+            f = {
+                'format_id': format_id,
+                'url': video_url,
+                'width': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('width')),
+                'height': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('height')),
+                'tbr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('bandwidth'), 1000),
+                'asr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('audioSamplingRate')),
+                'filesize': filesize,
+                'fps': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('frameRate')),
+            }
+            try:
+                existing_format = next(
+                    fo for fo in formats
+                    if fo['format_id'] == format_id)
+            except StopIteration:
+                full_info = self._formats.get(format_id, {}).copy()
+                full_info.update(f)
+                formats.append(full_info)
+            else:
+                existing_format.update(f)
+        return formats
+
      def _real_extract(self, url):
      def _real_extract(self, url):
-        if re.match(r'(?:https?://)?[^/]+/watch\?feature=[a-z_]+$', url):
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta-character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, like  youtube-dl \'http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc\' (or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  ).')
+        proto = (
+            'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
+            else 'https')
  
          # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
          mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
          if mobj:
  
          # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
          mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
          if mobj:
-            url = 'https://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse.unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
-        video_id = self._extract_id(url)
+            url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse.unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
+        video_id = self.extract_id(url)
  
          # Get video webpage
  
          # Get video webpage
-        self.report_video_webpage_download(video_id)
-        url = 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1' % video_id
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(url)
-        try:
-            video_webpage_bytes = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read()
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to download video webpage: %s' % compat_str(err))
-
-        video_webpage = video_webpage_bytes.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+        url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999' % video_id
+        video_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
  
          # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
  
          # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
-        mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(http:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
+        mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
          if mobj is not None:
              player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
          else:
              player_url = None
  
          # Get video info
          if mobj is not None:
              player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
          else:
              player_url = None
  
          # Get video info
-        self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
+        embed_webpage = None
          if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
          if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
-            self.report_age_confirmation()
              age_gate = True
              # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
              # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
              age_gate = True
              # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
              # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
-            data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({'video_id': video_id,
-                                                  'el': 'embedded',
-                                                  'gl': 'US',
-                                                  'hl': 'en',
-                                                  'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
-                                                  'asv': 3,
-                                                  'sts':'1588',
-                                                  })
-            video_info_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
-            video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(video_info_url, video_id,
-                                    note=False,
-                                    errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
+            url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
+            embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
+            data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
+                'video_id': video_id,
+                'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
+                'sts': self._search_regex(
+                    r'"sts"\s*:\s*(\d+)', embed_webpage, 'sts', default=''),
+            })
+            video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
+            video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                video_info_url, video_id,
+                note='Refetching age-gated info webpage',
+                errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
              video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
          else:
              age_gate = False
              video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
          else:
              age_gate = False
-            for el_type in ['&el=embedded', '&el=detailpage', '&el=vevo', '']:
-                video_info_url = ('https://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?&video_id=%s%s&ps=default&eurl=&gl=US&hl=en'
-                        % (video_id, el_type))
-                video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(video_info_url, video_id,
-                                        note=False,
-                                        errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
-                video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
-                if 'token' in video_info:
-                    break
+            try:
+                # Try looking directly into the video webpage
+                mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.*?});', video_webpage)
+                if not mobj:
+                    raise ValueError('Could not find ytplayer.config')  # caught below
+                json_code = uppercase_escape(mobj.group(1))
+                ytplayer_config = json.loads(json_code)
+                args = ytplayer_config['args']
+                # Convert to the same format returned by compat_parse_qs
+                video_info = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in args.items())
+                if 'url_encoded_fmt_stream_map' not in args:
+                    raise ValueError('No stream_map present')  # caught below
+            except ValueError:
+                # We fallback to the get_video_info pages (used by the embed page)
+                self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
+                for el_type in ['&el=embedded', '&el=detailpage', '&el=vevo', '']:
+                    video_info_url = (
+                        '%s://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?&video_id=%s%s&ps=default&eurl=&gl=US&hl=en'
+                        % (proto, video_id, el_type))
+                    video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                        video_info_url,
+                        video_id, note=False,
+                        errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
+                    video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
+                    if 'token' in video_info:
+                        break
          if 'token' not in video_info:
              if 'reason' in video_info:
          if 'token' not in video_info:
              if 'reason' in video_info:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'YouTube said: %s' % video_info['reason'][0], expected=True)
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    'YouTube said: %s' % video_info['reason'][0],
+                    expected=True, video_id=video_id)
              else:
              else:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason')
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    '"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason',
+                    video_id=video_id)
+
+        if 'view_count' in video_info:
+            view_count = int(video_info['view_count'][0])
+        else:
+            view_count = None
  
          # Check for "rental" videos
          if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
  
          # Check for "rental" videos
          if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'"rental" videos not supported')
+            raise ExtractorError('"rental" videos not supported')
  
          # Start extracting information
          self.report_information_extraction(video_id)
  
          # uploader
          if 'author' not in video_info:
  
          # Start extracting information
          self.report_information_extraction(video_id)
  
          # uploader
          if 'author' not in video_info:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to extract uploader name')
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract uploader name')
          video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['author'][0])
  
          # uploader_id
          video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['author'][0])
  
          # uploader_id
@@ -705,12 +904,14 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
          if mobj is not None:
              video_uploader_id = mobj.group(1)
          else:
          if mobj is not None:
              video_uploader_id = mobj.group(1)
          else:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract uploader nickname')
+            self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader nickname')
  
          # title
  
          # title
-        if 'title' not in video_info:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to extract video title')
-        video_title = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['title'][0])
+        if 'title' in video_info:
+            video_title = video_info['title'][0]
+        else:
+            self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to extract video title')
+            video_title = '_'
  
          # thumbnail image
          # We try first to get a high quality image:
  
          # thumbnail image
          # We try first to get a high quality image:
@@ -719,223 +920,426 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
          if m_thumb is not None:
              video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
          elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
          if m_thumb is not None:
              video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
          elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract video thumbnail')
-            video_thumbnail = ''
+            self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video thumbnail')
+            video_thumbnail = None
          else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
              video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
  
          # upload date
          upload_date = None
          else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
              video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
  
          # upload date
          upload_date = None
-        mobj = re.search(r'id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>', video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
+        mobj = re.search(r'(?s)id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>', video_webpage)
+        if mobj is None:
+            mobj = re.search(
+                r'(?s)id="watch-uploader-info".*?>.*?(?:Published|Uploaded|Streamed live) on (.*?)</strong>',
+                video_webpage)
          if mobj is not None:
              upload_date = ' '.join(re.sub(r'[/,-]', r' ', mobj.group(1)).split())
              upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
  
          if mobj is not None:
              upload_date = ' '.join(re.sub(r'[/,-]', r' ', mobj.group(1)).split())
              upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
  
+        m_cat_container = self._search_regex(
+            r'(?s)<h4[^>]*>\s*Category\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>(.*?)</ul>',
+            video_webpage, 'categories', default=None)
+        if m_cat_container:
+            category = self._html_search_regex(
+                r'(?s)<a[^<]+>(.*?)</a>', m_cat_container, 'category',
+                default=None)
+            video_categories = None if category is None else [category]
+        else:
+            video_categories = None
+
          # description
          video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
          if video_description:
          # description
          video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
          if video_description:
+            video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
+                <a\s+
+                    (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
+                    title="([^"]+)"\s+
+                    (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
+                    class="yt-uix-redirect-link"\s*>
+                [^<]+
+                </a>
+            ''', r'\1', video_description)
              video_description = clean_html(video_description)
          else:
              fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
              if fd_mobj:
                  video_description = unescapeHTML(fd_mobj.group(1))
              else:
              video_description = clean_html(video_description)
          else:
              fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
              if fd_mobj:
                  video_description = unescapeHTML(fd_mobj.group(1))
              else:
-                video_description = u''
+                video_description = ''
+
+        def _extract_count(count_name):
+            count = self._search_regex(
+                r'id="watch-%s"[^>]*>.*?([\d,]+)\s*</span>' % re.escape(count_name),
+                video_webpage, count_name, default=None)
+            if count is not None:
+                return int(count.replace(',', ''))
+            return None
+        like_count = _extract_count('like')
+        dislike_count = _extract_count('dislike')
  
          # subtitles
  
          # subtitles
-        video_subtitles = None
-
-        if self._downloader.params.get('writesubtitles', False) or self._downloader.params.get('allsubtitles', False):
-            video_subtitles = self._extract_subtitles(video_id)
-        elif self._downloader.params.get('writeautomaticsub', False):
-            video_subtitles = self._request_automatic_caption(video_id, video_webpage)
-
-        if self._downloader.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
-            self._list_available_subtitles(video_id)
-            return
+        video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
+        automatic_captions = self.extract_automatic_captions(video_id, video_webpage)
  
          if 'length_seconds' not in video_info:
  
          if 'length_seconds' not in video_info:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract video duration')
-            video_duration = ''
+            self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video duration')
+            video_duration = None
          else:
          else:
-            video_duration = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['length_seconds'][0])
-
-        # Decide which formats to download
-
-        try:
-            mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', video_webpage)
-            if not mobj:
-                raise ValueError('Could not find vevo ID')
-            info = json.loads(mobj.group(1))
-            args = info['args']
-            # Easy way to know if the 's' value is in url_encoded_fmt_stream_map
-            # this signatures are encrypted
-            m_s = re.search(r'[&,]s=', args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'])
-            if m_s is not None:
-                self.to_screen(u'%s: Encrypted signatures detected.' % video_id)
-                video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'] = [args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map']]
-            m_s = re.search(r'[&,]s=', args.get('adaptive_fmts', u''))
-            if m_s is not None:
-                if 'url_encoded_fmt_stream_map' in video_info:
-                    video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'][0] += ',' + args['adaptive_fmts']
-                else:
-                    video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'] = [args['adaptive_fmts']]
-            elif 'adaptive_fmts' in video_info:
-                if 'url_encoded_fmt_stream_map' in video_info:
-                    video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'][0] += ',' + video_info['adaptive_fmts'][0]
-                else:
-                    video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'] = video_info['adaptive_fmts']
-        except ValueError:
-            pass
+            video_duration = int(compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['length_seconds'][0]))
+
+        # annotations
+        video_annotations = None
+        if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
+            video_annotations = self._extract_annotations(video_id)
+
+        def _map_to_format_list(urlmap):
+            formats = []
+            for itag, video_real_url in urlmap.items():
+                dct = {
+                    'format_id': itag,
+                    'url': video_real_url,
+                    'player_url': player_url,
+                }
+                if itag in self._formats:
+                    dct.update(self._formats[itag])
+                formats.append(dct)
+            return formats
  
          if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
              self.report_rtmp_download()
  
          if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
              self.report_rtmp_download()
-            video_url_list = [(None, video_info['conn'][0])]
-        elif 'url_encoded_fmt_stream_map' in video_info and len(video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map']) >= 1:
-            if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'][0]:
+            formats = [{
+                'format_id': '_rtmp',
+                'protocol': 'rtmp',
+                'url': video_info['conn'][0],
+                'player_url': player_url,
+            }]
+        elif len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0]) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]) >= 1:
+            encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]
+            if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
                  raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
              url_map = {}
                  raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
              url_map = {}
-            for url_data_str in video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'][0].split(','):
+            for url_data_str in encoded_url_map.split(','):
                  url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
                  url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
-                if 'itag' in url_data and 'url' in url_data:
-                    url = url_data['url'][0]
-                    if 'sig' in url_data:
-                        url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
-                    elif 's' in url_data:
-                        if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
-                            s = url_data['s'][0]
-                            if age_gate:
-                                player_version = self._search_regex(r'ad3-(.+?)\.swf',
-                                    video_info['ad3_module'][0] if 'ad3_module' in video_info else 'NOT FOUND',
+                if 'itag' not in url_data or 'url' not in url_data:
+                    continue
+                format_id = url_data['itag'][0]
+                url = url_data['url'][0]
+
+                if 'sig' in url_data:
+                    url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
+                elif 's' in url_data:
+                    encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
+                    ASSETS_RE = r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")'
+
+                    jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
+                        ASSETS_RE,
+                        embed_webpage if age_gate else video_webpage,
+                        'JS player URL (1)', default=None)
+                    if not jsplayer_url_json and not age_gate:
+                        # We need the embed website after all
+                        if embed_webpage is None:
+                            embed_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
+                            embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                                embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
+                        jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
+                            ASSETS_RE, embed_webpage, 'JS player URL')
+
+                    player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
+                    if player_url is None:
+                        player_url_json = self._search_regex(
+                            r'ytplayer\.config.*?"url"\s*:\s*("[^"]+")',
+                            video_webpage, 'age gate player URL')
+                        player_url = json.loads(player_url_json)
+
+                    if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
+                        if player_url is None:
+                            player_version = 'unknown'
+                            player_desc = 'unknown'
+                        else:
+                            if player_url.endswith('swf'):
+                                player_version = self._search_regex(
+                                    r'-(.+?)(?:/watch_as3)?\.swf$', player_url,
                                      'flash player', fatal=False)
                                      'flash player', fatal=False)
-                                player = 'flash player %s' % player_version
+                                player_desc = 'flash player %s' % player_version
                              else:
                              else:
-                                player = u'html5 player %s' % self._search_regex(r'html5player-(.+?)\.js', video_webpage,
+                                player_version = self._search_regex(
+                                    r'html5player-([^/]+?)(?:/html5player)?\.js',
+                                    player_url,
                                      'html5 player', fatal=False)
                                      'html5 player', fatal=False)
-                            parts_sizes = u'.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in s.split('.'))
-                            self.to_screen(u'encrypted signature length %d (%s), itag %s, %s' %
-                                (len(s), parts_sizes, url_data['itag'][0], player))
-                        encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
-                        if age_gate:
-                            signature = self._decrypt_signature_age_gate(encrypted_sig)
-                        else:
-                            signature = self._decrypt_signature(encrypted_sig)
-                        url += '&signature=' + signature
-                    if 'ratebypass' not in url:
-                        url += '&ratebypass=yes'
-                    url_map[url_data['itag'][0]] = url
-            video_url_list = self._get_video_url_list(url_map)
-            if not video_url_list:
-                return
+                                player_desc = 'html5 player %s' % player_version
+
+                        parts_sizes = self._signature_cache_id(encrypted_sig)
+                        self.to_screen('{%s} signature length %s, %s' %
+                                       (format_id, parts_sizes, player_desc))
+
+                    signature = self._decrypt_signature(
+                        encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
+                    url += '&signature=' + signature
+                if 'ratebypass' not in url:
+                    url += '&ratebypass=yes'
+                url_map[format_id] = url
+            formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
          elif video_info.get('hlsvp'):
              manifest_url = video_info['hlsvp'][0]
              url_map = self._extract_from_m3u8(manifest_url, video_id)
          elif video_info.get('hlsvp'):
              manifest_url = video_info['hlsvp'][0]
              url_map = self._extract_from_m3u8(manifest_url, video_id)
-            video_url_list = self._get_video_url_list(url_map)
-            if not video_url_list:
-                return
-
+            formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
          else:
          else:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'no conn or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
-
-        results = []
-        for format_param, video_real_url in video_url_list:
-            # Extension
-            video_extension = self._video_extensions.get(format_param, 'flv')
-
-            video_format = '{0} - {1}{2}'.format(format_param if format_param else video_extension,
-                                              self._video_dimensions.get(format_param, '???'),
-                                              ' ('+self._special_itags[format_param]+')' if format_param in self._special_itags else '')
-
-            results.append({
-                'id':       video_id,
-                'url':      video_real_url,
-                'uploader': video_uploader,
-                'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
-                'upload_date':  upload_date,
-                'title':    video_title,
-                'ext':      video_extension,
-                'format':   video_format,
-                'thumbnail':    video_thumbnail,
-                'description':  video_description,
-                'player_url':   player_url,
-                'subtitles':    video_subtitles,
-                'duration':     video_duration
-            })
-        return results
+            raise ExtractorError('no conn, hlsvp or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
+
+        # Look for the DASH manifest
+        if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
+            dash_mpd = video_info.get('dashmpd')
+            if dash_mpd:
+                dash_manifest_url = dash_mpd[0]
+                try:
+                    dash_formats = self._parse_dash_manifest(
+                        video_id, dash_manifest_url, player_url, age_gate)
+                except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
+                    self.report_warning(
+                        'Skipping DASH manifest: %r' % e, video_id)
+                else:
+                    # Hide the formats we found through non-DASH
+                    dash_keys = set(df['format_id'] for df in dash_formats)
+                    for f in formats:
+                        if f['format_id'] in dash_keys:
+                            f['format_id'] = 'nondash-%s' % f['format_id']
+                            f['preference'] = f.get('preference', 0) - 10000
+                    formats.extend(dash_formats)
+
+        # Check for malformed aspect ratio
+        stretched_m = re.search(
+            r'<meta\s+property="og:video:tag".*?content="yt:stretch=(?P<w>[0-9]+):(?P<h>[0-9]+)">',
+            video_webpage)
+        if stretched_m:
+            ratio = float(stretched_m.group('w')) / float(stretched_m.group('h'))
+            for f in formats:
+                if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
+                    f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
+
+        self._sort_formats(formats)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'uploader': video_uploader,
+            'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
+            'upload_date': upload_date,
+            'title': video_title,
+            'thumbnail': video_thumbnail,
+            'description': video_description,
+            'categories': video_categories,
+            'subtitles': video_subtitles,
+            'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
+            'duration': video_duration,
+            'age_limit': 18 if age_gate else 0,
+            'annotations': video_annotations,
+            'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
+            'view_count': view_count,
+            'like_count': like_count,
+            'dislike_count': dislike_count,
+            'average_rating': float_or_none(video_info.get('avg_rating', [None])[0]),
+            'formats': formats,
+        }
+
  
  
-class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com playlists'
-    _VALID_URL = r"""(?:
+class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
+    _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
                          (?:https?://)?
                          (?:\w+\.)?
                          youtube\.com/
                          (?:
                          (?:https?://)?
                          (?:\w+\.)?
                          youtube\.com/
                          (?:
-                           (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch)
+                           (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch|embed/videoseries)
                             \? (?:.*?&)*? (?:p|a|list)=
                          |  p/
                          )
                             \? (?:.*?&)*? (?:p|a|list)=
                          |  p/
                          )
-                        ((?:PL|EC|UU|FL)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
+                        (
+                            (?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
+                            # Top tracks, they can also include dots
+                            |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
+                        )
                          .*
                       |
                          .*
                       |
-                        ((?:PL|EC|UU|FL)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
+                        ((?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
                       )"""
                       )"""
-    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/playlists/%s?max-results=%i&start-index=%i&v=2&alt=json&safeSearch=none'
-    _MAX_RESULTS = 50
-    IE_NAME = u'youtube:playlist'
+    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
+    _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'ytdl test PL',
+            'id': 'PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 3,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
+            'title': 'YDL_Empty_List',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 0,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': '29C3: Not my department',
+            'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 95,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'issue #673',
+        'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
+            'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 26,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Large playlist',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
+            'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 799,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
+            'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'embedded',
+        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
+        'playlist_count': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'JODA15',
+            'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
+        }
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Embedded SWF player',
+        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/p/YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ?hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0',
+        'playlist_count': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'JODA7',
+            'id': 'YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ',
+        }
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
+            'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincout': 21,
+    }]
  
  
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
-        return re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE) is not None
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._login()
+
+    def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
+        return [
+            self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
+            for vid_id in ids]
+
+    def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
+        # The mixes are generated from a single video
+        # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
+        url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (playlist_id[-11:], playlist_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(
+            url, playlist_id, 'Downloading Youtube mix')
+        search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
+        title_span = (
+            search_title('playlist-title') or
+            search_title('title long-title') or
+            search_title('title'))
+        title = clean_html(title_span)
+        ids = orderedSet(re.findall(
+            r'''(?xs)data-video-username=".*?".*?
+                       href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id),
+            webpage))
+        url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          # Extract playlist id
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          # Extract playlist id
-        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
+        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
          if mobj is None:
          if mobj is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
-
-        # Download playlist videos from API
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
          playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
          playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
-        videos = []
  
  
-        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
-            start_index = self._MAX_RESULTS * (page_num - 1) + 1
-            if start_index >= 1000:
-                self._downloader.report_warning(u'Max number of results reached')
-                break
-            url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % (playlist_id, self._MAX_RESULTS, start_index)
-            page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id, u'Downloading page #%s' % page_num)
+        # Check if it's a video-specific URL
+        query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
+        if 'v' in query_dict:
+            video_id = query_dict['v'][0]
+            if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
+                self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
+                return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
+            else:
+                self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
  
  
-            try:
-                response = json.loads(page)
-            except ValueError as err:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid JSON in API response: ' + compat_str(err))
+        if playlist_id.startswith('RD') or playlist_id.startswith('UL'):
+            # Mixes require a custom extraction process
+            return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
  
  
-            if 'feed' not in response:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'Got a malformed response from YouTube API')
-            playlist_title = response['feed']['title']['$t']
-            if 'entry' not in response['feed']:
-                # Number of videos is a multiple of self._MAX_RESULTS
+        url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
+        page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+        more_widget_html = content_html = page
+
+        # Check if the playlist exists or is private
+        if re.search(r'<div class="yt-alert-message">[^<]*?(The|This) playlist (does not exist|is private)[^<]*?</div>', page) is not None:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'The playlist doesn\'t exist or is private, use --username or '
+                '--netrc to access it.',
+                expected=True)
+
+        # Extract the video ids from the playlist pages
+        ids = []
+
+        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
+            matches = re.finditer(self._VIDEO_RE, content_html)
+            # We remove the duplicates and the link with index 0
+            # (it's not the first video of the playlist)
+            new_ids = orderedSet(m.group('id') for m in matches if m.group('index') != '0')
+            ids.extend(new_ids)
+
+            mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
+            if not mobj:
                  break
  
                  break
  
-            for entry in response['feed']['entry']:
-                index = entry['yt$position']['$t']
-                if 'media$group' in entry and 'media$player' in entry['media$group']:
-                    videos.append((index, entry['media$group']['media$player']['url']))
+            more = self._download_json(
+                'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id,
+                'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
+                transform_source=uppercase_escape)
+            content_html = more['content_html']
+            if not content_html.strip():
+                # Some webpages show a "Load more" button but they don't
+                # have more videos
+                break
+            more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
  
  
-        videos = [v[1] for v in sorted(videos)]
+        playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
+            r'(?s)<h1 class="pl-header-title[^"]*">\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>',
+            page, 'title')
  
  
-        url_results = [self.url_result(vurl, 'Youtube') for vurl in videos]
-        return [self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, playlist_title)]
+        url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
+        return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, playlist_title)
  
  
  class YoutubeChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
  
  
  class YoutubeChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com channels'
-    _VALID_URL = r"^(?:https?://)?(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com)/channel/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)"
-    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos?sort=da&flow=list&view=0&page=%s&gl=US&hl=en'
-    _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = 'yt-uix-load-more'
-    _MORE_PAGES_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/c4_browse_ajax?action_load_more_videos=1&flow=list&paging=%s&view=0&sort=da&channel_id=%s'
-    IE_NAME = u'youtube:channel'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com channels'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com)/channel/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:channel'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'note': 'paginated channel',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+        'playlist_mincount': 91,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+        }
+    }]
  
      def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
          ids_in_page = []
  
      def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
          ids_in_page = []
@@ -945,129 +1349,150 @@ class YoutubeChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
          return ids_in_page
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          return ids_in_page
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
-        # Extract channel id
-        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
-        if mobj is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
+        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
  
  
-        # Download channel page
-        channel_id = mobj.group(1)
          video_ids = []
          video_ids = []
-        pagenum = 1
-
-        url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % (channel_id, pagenum)
-        page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id,
-                                      u'Downloading page #%s' % pagenum)
-
-        # Extract video identifiers
-        ids_in_page = self.extract_videos_from_page(page)
-        video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)
-
-        # Download any subsequent channel pages using the json-based channel_ajax query
-        if self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR in page:
+        url = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos' % channel_id
+        channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id)
+        autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
+                class="[^"]*?(?:
+                    channel-header-autogenerated-label|
+                    yt-channel-title-autogenerated
+                )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
+
+        if autogenerated:
+            # The videos are contained in a single page
+            # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
+            video_ids = self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)
+            entries = [
+                self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
+                for video_id in video_ids]
+            return self.playlist_result(entries, channel_id)
+
+        def _entries():
+            more_widget_html = content_html = channel_page
              for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
              for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
-                url = self._MORE_PAGES_URL % (pagenum, channel_id)
-                page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id,
-                                              u'Downloading page #%s' % pagenum)
  
  
-                page = json.loads(page)
+                ids_in_page = self.extract_videos_from_page(content_html)
+                for video_id in ids_in_page:
+                    yield self.url_result(
+                        video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
  
  
-                ids_in_page = self.extract_videos_from_page(page['content_html'])
-                video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)
-
-                if self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR  not in page['load_more_widget_html']:
+                mobj = re.search(
+                    r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"',
+                    more_widget_html)
+                if not mobj:
                      break
  
                      break
  
-        self._downloader.to_screen(u'[youtube] Channel %s: Found %i videos' % (channel_id, len(video_ids)))
+                more = self._download_json(
+                    'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), channel_id,
+                    'Downloading page #%s' % (pagenum + 1),
+                    transform_source=uppercase_escape)
+                content_html = more['content_html']
+                more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
  
  
-        urls = ['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % id for id in video_ids]
-        url_entries = [self.url_result(eurl, 'Youtube') for eurl in urls]
-        return [self.playlist_result(url_entries, channel_id)]
+        return self.playlist_result(_entries(), channel_id)
  
  
  class YoutubeUserIE(InfoExtractor):
  
  
  class YoutubeUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:(?:https?://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/user/)|ytuser:)([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
-    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:(?:https?://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
+    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s'
      _GDATA_PAGE_SIZE = 50
      _GDATA_PAGE_SIZE = 50
-    _GDATA_URL = 'http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s/uploads?max-results=%d&start-index=%d'
-    _VIDEO_INDICATOR = r'/watch\?v=(.+?)[\<&]'
-    IE_NAME = u'youtube:user'
+    _GDATA_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s/uploads?max-results=%d&start-index=%d&alt=json'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation',
+        'playlist_mincount': 320,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'TheLinuxFoundation',
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
  
  
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        # Extract username
-        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
-        if mobj is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
+        # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
+        other_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
+        if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_ies):
+            return False
+        else:
+            return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
  
  
-        username = mobj.group(1)
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        username = self._match_id(url)
  
          # Download video ids using YouTube Data API. Result size per
          # query is limited (currently to 50 videos) so we need to query
          # page by page until there are no video ids - it means we got
          # all of them.
  
  
          # Download video ids using YouTube Data API. Result size per
          # query is limited (currently to 50 videos) so we need to query
          # page by page until there are no video ids - it means we got
          # all of them.
  
-        video_ids = []
-
-        for pagenum in itertools.count(0):
+        def download_page(pagenum):
              start_index = pagenum * self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE + 1
  
              gdata_url = self._GDATA_URL % (username, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE, start_index)
              start_index = pagenum * self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE + 1
  
              gdata_url = self._GDATA_URL % (username, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE, start_index)
-            page = self._download_webpage(gdata_url, username,
-                                          u'Downloading video ids from %d to %d' % (start_index, start_index + self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE))
-
-            # Extract video identifiers
-            ids_in_page = []
-
-            for mobj in re.finditer(self._VIDEO_INDICATOR, page):
-                if mobj.group(1) not in ids_in_page:
-                    ids_in_page.append(mobj.group(1))
+            page = self._download_webpage(
+                gdata_url, username,
+                'Downloading video ids from %d to %d' % (
+                    start_index, start_index + self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE))
  
  
-            video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)
+            try:
+                response = json.loads(page)
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid JSON in API response: ' + compat_str(err))
+            if 'entry' not in response['feed']:
+                return
  
  
-            # A little optimization - if current page is not
-            # "full", ie. does not contain PAGE_SIZE video ids then
-            # we can assume that this page is the last one - there
-            # are no more ids on further pages - no need to query
-            # again.
+            # Extract video identifiers
+            entries = response['feed']['entry']
+            for entry in entries:
+                title = entry['title']['$t']
+                video_id = entry['id']['$t'].split('/')[-1]
+                yield {
+                    '_type': 'url',
+                    'url': video_id,
+                    'ie_key': 'Youtube',
+                    'id': video_id,
+                    'title': title,
+                }
+        url_results = OnDemandPagedList(download_page, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE)
  
  
-            if len(ids_in_page) < self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE:
-                break
+        return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title=username)
  
  
-        urls = ['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id for video_id in video_ids]
-        url_results = [self.url_result(rurl, 'Youtube') for rurl in urls]
-        return [self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title = username)]
  
  class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
  
  class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com searches'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches'
      _API_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=%s&start-index=%i&max-results=50&v=2&alt=jsonc'
      _MAX_RESULTS = 1000
      _API_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=%s&start-index=%i&max-results=50&v=2&alt=jsonc'
      _MAX_RESULTS = 1000
-    IE_NAME = u'youtube:search'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
      _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
  
      _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
  
-    def report_download_page(self, query, pagenum):
-        """Report attempt to download search page with given number."""
-        self._downloader.to_screen(u'[youtube] query "%s": Downloading page %s' % (query, pagenum))
-
      def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
          """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
  
          video_ids = []
          pagenum = 0
          limit = n
      def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
          """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
  
          video_ids = []
          pagenum = 0
          limit = n
-
-        while (50 * pagenum) < limit:
-            self.report_download_page(query, pagenum+1)
-            result_url = self._API_URL % (compat_urllib_parse.quote_plus(query), (50*pagenum)+1)
-            request = compat_urllib_request.Request(result_url)
-            try:
-                data = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-            except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to download API page: %s' % compat_str(err))
-            api_response = json.loads(data)['data']
-
-            if not 'items' in api_response:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'[youtube] No video results')
+        PAGE_SIZE = 50
+
+        while (PAGE_SIZE * pagenum) < limit:
+            result_url = self._API_URL % (
+                compat_urllib_parse.quote_plus(query.encode('utf-8')),
+                (PAGE_SIZE * pagenum) + 1)
+            data_json = self._download_webpage(
+                result_url, video_id='query "%s"' % query,
+                note='Downloading page %s' % (pagenum + 1),
+                errnote='Unable to download API page')
+            data = json.loads(data_json)
+            api_response = data['data']
+
+            if 'items' not in api_response:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    '[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
  
              new_ids = list(video['id'] for video in api_response['items'])
              video_ids += new_ids
  
              new_ids = list(video['id'] for video in api_response['items'])
              video_ids += new_ids
@@ -1077,23 +1502,95 @@ class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
  
          if len(video_ids) > n:
              video_ids = video_ids[:n]
  
          if len(video_ids) > n:
              video_ids = video_ids[:n]
-        videos = [self.url_result('http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % id, 'Youtube') for id in video_ids]
+        videos = [self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
+                  for video_id in video_ids]
          return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
  
  
          return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
  
  
+class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
+    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
+    _API_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=%s&start-index=%i&max-results=50&v=2&alt=jsonc&orderby=published'
+    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
+
+
+class YoutubeSearchURLIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:search_url'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?search_query=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
+        query = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
+        result_code = self._search_regex(
+            r'(?s)<ol class="item-section"(.*?)</ol>', webpage, 'result HTML')
+
+        part_codes = re.findall(
+            r'(?s)<h3 class="yt-lockup-title">(.*?)</h3>', result_code)
+        entries = []
+        for part_code in part_codes:
+            part_title = self._html_search_regex(
+                [r'(?s)title="([^"]+)"', r'>([^<]+)</a>'], part_code, 'item title', fatal=False)
+            part_url_snippet = self._html_search_regex(
+                r'(?s)href="([^"]+)"', part_code, 'item URL')
+            part_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
+                'https://www.youtube.com/', part_url_snippet)
+            entries.append({
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'url': part_url,
+                'title': part_title,
+            })
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'entries': entries,
+            'title': query,
+        }
+
+
  class YoutubeShowIE(InfoExtractor):
  class YoutubeShowIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/show/(.*)'
-    IE_NAME = u'youtube:show'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/show/(?P<id>[^?#]*)'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:show'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/show/airdisasters',
+        'playlist_mincount': 3,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'airdisasters',
+            'title': 'Air Disasters',
+        }
+    }]
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
-        show_name = mobj.group(1)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, show_name, u'Downloading show webpage')
+        playlist_id = mobj.group('id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(
+            url, playlist_id, 'Downloading show webpage')
          # There's one playlist for each season of the show
          m_seasons = list(re.finditer(r'href="(/playlist\?list=.*?)"', webpage))
          # There's one playlist for each season of the show
          m_seasons = list(re.finditer(r'href="(/playlist\?list=.*?)"', webpage))
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Found %s seasons' % (show_name, len(m_seasons)))
-        return [self.url_result('https://www.youtube.com' + season.group(1), 'YoutubePlaylist') for season in m_seasons]
+        self.to_screen('%s: Found %s seasons' % (playlist_id, len(m_seasons)))
+        entries = [
+            self.url_result(
+                'https://www.youtube.com' + season.group(1), 'YoutubePlaylist')
+            for season in m_seasons
+        ]
+        title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': playlist_id,
+            'title': title,
+            'entries': entries,
+        }
  
  
  class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
  
  
  class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
@@ -1103,7 +1600,6 @@ class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
      Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
      """
      _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
      Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
      """
      _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
-    _PAGING_STEP = 30
      # use action_load_personal_feed instead of action_load_system_feed
      _PERSONAL_FEED = False
  
      # use action_load_personal_feed instead of action_load_system_feed
      _PERSONAL_FEED = False
  
@@ -1112,59 +1608,170 @@ class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
          action = 'action_load_system_feed'
          if self._PERSONAL_FEED:
              action = 'action_load_personal_feed'
          action = 'action_load_system_feed'
          if self._PERSONAL_FEED:
              action = 'action_load_personal_feed'
-        return 'http://www.youtube.com/feed_ajax?%s=1&feed_name=%s&paging=%%s' % (action, self._FEED_NAME)
+        return 'https://www.youtube.com/feed_ajax?%s=1&feed_name=%s&paging=%%s' % (action, self._FEED_NAME)
  
      @property
      def IE_NAME(self):
  
      @property
      def IE_NAME(self):
-        return u'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
+        return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
  
      def _real_initialize(self):
          self._login()
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          feed_entries = []
  
      def _real_initialize(self):
          self._login()
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          feed_entries = []
-        # The step argument is available only in 2.7 or higher
-        for i in itertools.count(0):
-            paging = i*self._PAGING_STEP
-            info = self._download_webpage(self._FEED_TEMPLATE % paging,
-                                          u'%s feed' % self._FEED_NAME,
-                                          u'Downloading page %s' % i)
-            info = json.loads(info)
-            feed_html = info['feed_html']
+        paging = 0
+        for i in itertools.count(1):
+            info = self._download_json(
+                self._FEED_TEMPLATE % paging,
+                '%s feed' % self._FEED_NAME,
+                'Downloading page %s' % i,
+                transform_source=uppercase_escape)
+            feed_html = info.get('feed_html') or info.get('content_html')
+            load_more_widget_html = info.get('load_more_widget_html') or feed_html
              m_ids = re.finditer(r'"/watch\?v=(.*?)["&]', feed_html)
              ids = orderedSet(m.group(1) for m in m_ids)
              m_ids = re.finditer(r'"/watch\?v=(.*?)["&]', feed_html)
              ids = orderedSet(m.group(1) for m in m_ids)
-            feed_entries.extend(self.url_result(id, 'Youtube') for id in ids)
-            if info['paging'] is None:
+            feed_entries.extend(
+                self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
+                for video_id in ids)
+            mobj = re.search(
+                r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?[^"]+paging=(?P<paging>\d+)',
+                load_more_widget_html)
+            if mobj is None:
                  break
                  break
+            paging = mobj.group('paging')
          return self.playlist_result(feed_entries, playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
  
          return self.playlist_result(feed_entries, playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
  
-class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword(requires authentication)'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
-    _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
-    _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Subscriptions'
  
  class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
  
  class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com recommended videos, "ytrec" keyword (requires authentication)'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
      _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
      _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
      _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
      _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
-    _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Recommended videos'
+    _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Recommended videos'
+
  
  class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
  
  class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = u'Youtube watch later list, "ytwatchlater" keyword (requires authentication)'
+    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
      _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/watch_later|:ytwatchlater'
      _FEED_NAME = 'watch_later'
      _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/watch_later|:ytwatchlater'
      _FEED_NAME = 'watch_later'
-    _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Watch Later'
-    _PAGING_STEP = 100
+    _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Watch Later'
      _PERSONAL_FEED = True
  
      _PERSONAL_FEED = True
  
+
+class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythistory" for short (requires authentication)'
+    _VALID_URL = 'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
+    _FEED_NAME = 'history'
+    _PERSONAL_FEED = True
+    _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Watch History'
+
+
  class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
  class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = u'youtube:favorites'
-    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com favourite videos, "ytfav" keyword (requires authentication)'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:o?rites)?'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com favourite videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
      _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
      _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
  
      def _real_extract(self, url):
          webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
-        playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, u'favourites playlist id')
+        playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, 'favourites playlist id')
          return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
          return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
+
+
+class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:subscriptions'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword (requires authentication)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
+    _TESTS = []
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        title = 'Youtube Subscriptions'
+        page = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/feed/subscriptions', title)
+
+        # The extraction process is the same as for playlists, but the regex
+        # for the video ids doesn't contain an index
+        ids = []
+        more_widget_html = content_html = page
+
+        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
+            matches = re.findall(r'href="\s*/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', content_html)
+            new_ids = orderedSet(matches)
+            ids.extend(new_ids)
+
+            mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
+            if not mobj:
+                break
+
+            more = self._download_json(
+                'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), title,
+                'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
+                transform_source=uppercase_escape)
+            content_html = more['content_html']
+            more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'title': title,
+            'entries': self._ids_to_results(ids),
+        }
+
+
+class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        (?:https?://)?
+        (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
+        (?:watch\?(?:
+            feature=[a-z_]+|
+            annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
+            x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
+            hl=[^&]*|
+        )?
+        |
+            attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
+        )
+        $
+    '''
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
+            'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
+            'like  youtube-dl '
+            '"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
+            ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
+            expected=True)
+
+
+class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
+            expected=True)