Prepare upload.

[youtubedl] / youtube_dl / extractor / common.py

diff --git a/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py b/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py
index e2d9f52b018c25abc5a58a93785473ff88d90b74..e5f8136fc1511d573978298393f5aba5d94d7af8 100644 (file)
--- a/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py
+++ b/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from ..compat import (
     compat_cookies,
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_getpass,
     compat_cookies,
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_getpass,

+    compat_integer_types,

     compat_http_client,
     compat_os_name,
     compat_str,
     compat_http_client,
     compat_os_name,
     compat_str,


@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     GeoUtils,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
     GeoUtils,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,

+    JSON_LD_RE,

     mimetype2ext,
     orderedSet,
     parse_codecs,
     mimetype2ext,
     orderedSet,
     parse_codecs,


@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ from ..utils import (
     update_url_query,
     urljoin,
     url_basename,
     update_url_query,
     urljoin,
     url_basename,

+    url_or_none,

     xpath_element,
     xpath_text,
     xpath_with_ns,
     xpath_element,
     xpath_text,
     xpath_with_ns,


@@ -174,6 +177,8 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                                  width : height ratio as float.
                     * no_resume  The server does not support resuming the
                                  (HTTP or RTMP) download. Boolean.
                                  width : height ratio as float.
                     * no_resume  The server does not support resuming the
                                  (HTTP or RTMP) download. Boolean.

+                    * downloader_options  A dictionary of downloader options as
+                                 described in FileDownloader

 
     url:            Final video URL.
     ext:            Video filename extension.
 
     url:            Final video URL.
     ext:            Video filename extension.


@@ -207,6 +212,11 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                     If not explicitly set, calculated from timestamp.
     uploader_id:    Nickname or id of the video uploader.
     uploader_url:   Full URL to a personal webpage of the video uploader.
                     If not explicitly set, calculated from timestamp.
     uploader_id:    Nickname or id of the video uploader.
     uploader_url:   Full URL to a personal webpage of the video uploader.

+    channel:        Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on.
+                    Note that channel fields may or may not repeat uploader
+                    fields. This depends on a particular extractor.
+    channel_id:     Id of the channel.
+    channel_url:    Full URL to a channel webpage.

     location:       Physical location where the video was filmed.
     subtitles:      The available subtitles as a dictionary in the format
                     {tag: subformats}. "tag" is usually a language code, and
     location:       Physical location where the video was filmed.
     subtitles:      The available subtitles as a dictionary in the format
                     {tag: subformats}. "tag" is usually a language code, and


@@ -301,8 +311,9 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
     There must be a key "entries", which is a list, an iterable, or a PagedList
     object, each element of which is a valid dictionary by this specification.
 
     There must be a key "entries", which is a list, an iterable, or a PagedList
     object, each element of which is a valid dictionary by this specification.
 

-    Additionally, playlists can have "title", "description" and "id" attributes
-    with the same semantics as videos (see above).
+    Additionally, playlists can have "id", "title", "description", "uploader",
+    "uploader_id", "uploader_url" attributes with the same semantics as videos
+    (see above).

 
 
     _type "multi_video" indicates that there are multiple videos that
 
 
     _type "multi_video" indicates that there are multiple videos that


@@ -336,15 +347,17 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
     _GEO_BYPASS attribute may be set to False in order to disable
     geo restriction bypass mechanisms for a particular extractor.
     Though it won't disable explicit geo restriction bypass based on
     _GEO_BYPASS attribute may be set to False in order to disable
     geo restriction bypass mechanisms for a particular extractor.
     Though it won't disable explicit geo restriction bypass based on

-    country code provided with geo_bypass_country. (experimental)
+    country code provided with geo_bypass_country.

 
     _GEO_COUNTRIES attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted
     countries for this extractor. One of these countries will be used by
     geo restriction bypass mechanism right away in order to bypass
 
     _GEO_COUNTRIES attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted
     countries for this extractor. One of these countries will be used by
     geo restriction bypass mechanism right away in order to bypass

-    geo restriction, of course, if the mechanism is not disabled. (experimental)
+    geo restriction, of course, if the mechanism is not disabled.

 
 

-    NB: both these geo attributes are experimental and may change in future
-    or be completely removed.
+    _GEO_IP_BLOCKS attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted
+    IP blocks in CIDR notation for this extractor. One of these IP blocks
+    will be used by geo restriction bypass mechanism similarly
+    to _GEO_COUNTRIES.

 
     Finally, the _WORKING attribute should be set to False for broken IEs
     in order to warn the users and skip the tests.
 
     Finally, the _WORKING attribute should be set to False for broken IEs
     in order to warn the users and skip the tests.


@@ -355,6 +368,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
     _x_forwarded_for_ip = None
     _GEO_BYPASS = True
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = None
     _x_forwarded_for_ip = None
     _GEO_BYPASS = True
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = None

+    _GEO_IP_BLOCKS = None

     _WORKING = True
 
     def __init__(self, downloader=None):
     _WORKING = True
 
     def __init__(self, downloader=None):


@@ -389,12 +403,15 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
     def initialize(self):
         """Initializes an instance (authentication, etc)."""
 
     def initialize(self):
         """Initializes an instance (authentication, etc)."""

-        self._initialize_geo_bypass(self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
+        self._initialize_geo_bypass({
+            'countries': self._GEO_COUNTRIES,
+            'ip_blocks': self._GEO_IP_BLOCKS,
+        })

         if not self._ready:
             self._real_initialize()
             self._ready = True
 
         if not self._ready:
             self._real_initialize()
             self._ready = True
 

-    def _initialize_geo_bypass(self, countries):
+    def _initialize_geo_bypass(self, geo_bypass_context):

         """
         Initialize geo restriction bypass mechanism.
 
         """
         Initialize geo restriction bypass mechanism.
 


@@ -405,28 +422,82 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         HTTP requests.
 
         This method will be used for initial geo bypass mechanism initialization
         HTTP requests.
 
         This method will be used for initial geo bypass mechanism initialization

-        during the instance initialization with _GEO_COUNTRIES.
+        during the instance initialization with _GEO_COUNTRIES and
+        _GEO_IP_BLOCKS.

 
 

-        You may also manually call it from extractor's code if geo countries
+        You may also manually call it from extractor's code if geo bypass

         information is not available beforehand (e.g. obtained during
         information is not available beforehand (e.g. obtained during

-        extraction) or due to some another reason.
+        extraction) or due to some other reason. In this case you should pass
+        this information in geo bypass context passed as first argument. It may
+        contain following fields:
+
+        countries:  List of geo unrestricted countries (similar
+                    to _GEO_COUNTRIES)
+        ip_blocks:  List of geo unrestricted IP blocks in CIDR notation
+                    (similar to _GEO_IP_BLOCKS)
+

         """
         if not self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
         """
         if not self._x_forwarded_for_ip:

-            country_code = self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass_country', None)
-            # If there is no explicit country for geo bypass specified and
-            # the extractor is known to be geo restricted let's fake IP
-            # as X-Forwarded-For right away.
-            if (not country_code and
-                    self._GEO_BYPASS and
-                    self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass', True) and
-                    countries):
-                country_code = random.choice(countries)
-            if country_code:
-                self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country_code)
+
+            # Geo bypass mechanism is explicitly disabled by user
+            if not self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass', True):
+                return
+
+            if not geo_bypass_context:
+                geo_bypass_context = {}
+
+            # Backward compatibility: previously _initialize_geo_bypass
+            # expected a list of countries, some 3rd party code may still use
+            # it this way
+            if isinstance(geo_bypass_context, (list, tuple)):
+                geo_bypass_context = {
+                    'countries': geo_bypass_context,
+                }
+
+            # The whole point of geo bypass mechanism is to fake IP
+            # as X-Forwarded-For HTTP header based on some IP block or
+            # country code.
+
+            # Path 1: bypassing based on IP block in CIDR notation
+
+            # Explicit IP block specified by user, use it right away
+            # regardless of whether extractor is geo bypassable or not
+            ip_block = self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass_ip_block', None)
+
+            # Otherwise use random IP block from geo bypass context but only
+            # if extractor is known as geo bypassable
+            if not ip_block:
+                ip_blocks = geo_bypass_context.get('ip_blocks')
+                if self._GEO_BYPASS and ip_blocks:
+                    ip_block = random.choice(ip_blocks)
+
+            if ip_block:
+                self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(ip_block)
+                if self._downloader.params.get('verbose', False):
+                    self._downloader.to_screen(
+                        '[debug] Using fake IP %s as X-Forwarded-For.'
+                        % self._x_forwarded_for_ip)
+                return
+
+            # Path 2: bypassing based on country code
+
+            # Explicit country code specified by user, use it right away
+            # regardless of whether extractor is geo bypassable or not
+            country = self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass_country', None)
+
+            # Otherwise use random country code from geo bypass context but
+            # only if extractor is known as geo bypassable
+            if not country:
+                countries = geo_bypass_context.get('countries')
+                if self._GEO_BYPASS and countries:
+                    country = random.choice(countries)
+
+            if country:
+                self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country)

                 if self._downloader.params.get('verbose', False):
                     self._downloader.to_screen(
                         '[debug] Using fake IP %s (%s) as X-Forwarded-For.'
                 if self._downloader.params.get('verbose', False):
                     self._downloader.to_screen(
                         '[debug] Using fake IP %s (%s) as X-Forwarded-For.'

-                        % (self._x_forwarded_for_ip, country_code.upper()))
+                        % (self._x_forwarded_for_ip, country.upper()))

 
     def extract(self, url):
         """Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts."""
 
     def extract(self, url):
         """Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts."""


@@ -485,8 +556,26 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
     def IE_NAME(self):
         return compat_str(type(self).__name__[:-2])
 
     def IE_NAME(self):
         return compat_str(type(self).__name__[:-2])
 

-    def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-        """ Returns the response handle """
+    @staticmethod
+    def __can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
+        assert isinstance(err, compat_urllib_error.HTTPError)
+        if expected_status is None:
+            return False
+        if isinstance(expected_status, compat_integer_types):
+            return err.code == expected_status
+        elif isinstance(expected_status, (list, tuple)):
+            return err.code in expected_status
+        elif callable(expected_status):
+            return expected_status(err.code) is True
+        else:
+            assert False
+
+    def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
+        """
+        Return the response handle.
+
+        See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification.
+        """

         if note is None:
             self.report_download_webpage(video_id)
         elif note is not False:
         if note is None:
             self.report_download_webpage(video_id)
         elif note is not False:


@@ -494,6 +583,16 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 self.to_screen('%s' % (note,))
             else:
                 self.to_screen('%s: %s' % (video_id, note))
                 self.to_screen('%s' % (note,))
             else:
                 self.to_screen('%s: %s' % (video_id, note))

+
+        # Some sites check X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in order to figure out
+        # the origin of the client behind proxy. This allows bypassing geo
+        # restriction by faking this header's value to IP that belongs to some
+        # geo unrestricted country. We will do so once we encounter any
+        # geo restriction error.
+        if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
+            if 'X-Forwarded-For' not in headers:
+                headers['X-Forwarded-For'] = self._x_forwarded_for_ip
+

         if isinstance(url_or_request, compat_urllib_request.Request):
             url_or_request = update_Request(
                 url_or_request, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
         if isinstance(url_or_request, compat_urllib_request.Request):
             url_or_request = update_Request(
                 url_or_request, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)


@@ -505,6 +604,15 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         try:
             return self._downloader.urlopen(url_or_request)
         except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
         try:
             return self._downloader.urlopen(url_or_request)
         except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:

+            if isinstance(err, compat_urllib_error.HTTPError):
+                if self.__can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
+                    # Retain reference to error to prevent file object from
+                    # being closed before it can be read. Works around the
+                    # effects of <https://bugs.python.org/issue15002>
+                    # introduced in Python 3.4.1.
+                    err.fp._error = err
+                    return err.fp
+

             if errnote is False:
                 return False
             if errnote is None:
             if errnote is False:
                 return False
             if errnote is None:


@@ -517,22 +625,17 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 self._downloader.report_warning(errmsg)
                 return False
 
                 self._downloader.report_warning(errmsg)
                 return False
 

-    def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-        """ Returns a tuple (page content as string, URL handle) """
+    def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
+        """
+        Return a tuple (page content as string, URL handle).
+
+        See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification.
+        """

         # Strip hashes from the URL (#1038)
         if isinstance(url_or_request, (compat_str, str)):
             url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0]
 
         # Strip hashes from the URL (#1038)
         if isinstance(url_or_request, (compat_str, str)):
             url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0]
 

-        # Some sites check X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in order to figure out
-        # the origin of the client behind proxy. This allows bypassing geo
-        # restriction by faking this header's value to IP that belongs to some
-        # geo unrestricted country. We will do so once we encounter any
-        # geo restriction error.
-        if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
-            if 'X-Forwarded-For' not in headers:
-                headers['X-Forwarded-For'] = self._x_forwarded_for_ip
-
-        urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
+        urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status)

         if urlh is False:
             assert not fatal
             return False
         if urlh is False:
             assert not fatal
             return False


@@ -592,19 +695,11 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         if not encoding:
             encoding = self._guess_encoding_from_content(content_type, webpage_bytes)
         if self._downloader.params.get('dump_intermediate_pages', False):
         if not encoding:
             encoding = self._guess_encoding_from_content(content_type, webpage_bytes)
         if self._downloader.params.get('dump_intermediate_pages', False):

-            try:
-                url = url_or_request.get_full_url()
-            except AttributeError:
-                url = url_or_request
-            self.to_screen('Dumping request to ' + url)
+            self.to_screen('Dumping request to ' + urlh.geturl())

             dump = base64.b64encode(webpage_bytes).decode('ascii')
             self._downloader.to_screen(dump)
         if self._downloader.params.get('write_pages', False):
             dump = base64.b64encode(webpage_bytes).decode('ascii')
             self._downloader.to_screen(dump)
         if self._downloader.params.get('write_pages', False):

-            try:
-                url = url_or_request.get_full_url()
-            except AttributeError:
-                url = url_or_request
-            basen = '%s_%s' % (video_id, url)
+            basen = '%s_%s' % (video_id, urlh.geturl())

             if len(basen) > 240:
                 h = '___' + hashlib.md5(basen.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
                 basen = basen[:240 - len(h)] + h
             if len(basen) > 240:
                 h = '___' + hashlib.md5(basen.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
                 basen = basen[:240 - len(h)] + h


@@ -629,13 +724,52 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
         return content
 
 
         return content
 

-    def _download_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, tries=1, timeout=5, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-        """ Returns the data of the page as a string """
+    def _download_webpage(
+            self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None,
+            fatal=True, tries=1, timeout=5, encoding=None, data=None,
+            headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
+        """
+        Return the data of the page as a string.
+
+        Arguments:
+        url_or_request -- plain text URL as a string or
+            a compat_urllib_request.Requestobject
+        video_id -- Video/playlist/item identifier (string)
+
+        Keyword arguments:
+        note -- note printed before downloading (string)
+        errnote -- note printed in case of an error (string)
+        fatal -- flag denoting whether error should be considered fatal,
+            i.e. whether it should cause ExtractionError to be raised,
+            otherwise a warning will be reported and extraction continued
+        tries -- number of tries
+        timeout -- sleep interval between tries
+        encoding -- encoding for a page content decoding, guessed automatically
+            when not explicitly specified
+        data -- POST data (bytes)
+        headers -- HTTP headers (dict)
+        query -- URL query (dict)
+        expected_status -- allows to accept failed HTTP requests (non 2xx
+            status code) by explicitly specifying a set of accepted status
+            codes. Can be any of the following entities:
+                - an integer type specifying an exact failed status code to
+                  accept
+                - a list or a tuple of integer types specifying a list of
+                  failed status codes to accept
+                - a callable accepting an actual failed status code and
+                  returning True if it should be accepted
+            Note that this argument does not affect success status codes (2xx)
+            which are always accepted.
+        """
+

         success = False
         try_count = 0
         while success is False:
             try:
         success = False
         try_count = 0
         while success is False:
             try:

-                res = self._download_webpage_handle(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
+                res = self._download_webpage_handle(
+                    url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal,
+                    encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query,
+                    expected_status=expected_status)

                 success = True
             except compat_http_client.IncompleteRead as e:
                 try_count += 1
                 success = True
             except compat_http_client.IncompleteRead as e:
                 try_count += 1


@@ -648,19 +782,43 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             content, _ = res
             return content
 
             content, _ = res
             return content
 

-    def _download_xml(self, url_or_request, video_id,
-                      note='Downloading XML', errnote='Unable to download XML',
-                      transform_source=None, fatal=True, encoding=None,
-                      data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-        """Return the xml as an xml.etree.ElementTree.Element"""
-        xml_string = self._download_webpage(
+    def _download_xml_handle(
+            self, url_or_request, video_id, note='Downloading XML',
+            errnote='Unable to download XML', transform_source=None,
+            fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={},
+            expected_status=None):
+        """
+        Return a tuple (xml as an xml.etree.ElementTree.Element, URL handle).
+
+        See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification.
+        """
+        res = self._download_webpage_handle(

             url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal,
             url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal,

-            encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        if xml_string is False:
-            return xml_string
+            encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query,
+            expected_status=expected_status)
+        if res is False:
+            return res
+        xml_string, urlh = res

         return self._parse_xml(
             xml_string, video_id, transform_source=transform_source,
         return self._parse_xml(
             xml_string, video_id, transform_source=transform_source,

-            fatal=fatal)
+            fatal=fatal), urlh
+
+    def _download_xml(
+            self, url_or_request, video_id,
+            note='Downloading XML', errnote='Unable to download XML',
+            transform_source=None, fatal=True, encoding=None,
+            data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
+        """
+        Return the xml as an xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.
+
+        See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification.
+        """
+        res = self._download_xml_handle(
+            url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote,
+            transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal, encoding=encoding,
+            data=data, headers=headers, query=query,
+            expected_status=expected_status)
+        return res if res is False else res[0]

 
     def _parse_xml(self, xml_string, video_id, transform_source=None, fatal=True):
         if transform_source:
 
     def _parse_xml(self, xml_string, video_id, transform_source=None, fatal=True):
         if transform_source:


@@ -674,18 +832,43 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             else:
                 self.report_warning(errmsg + str(ve))
 
             else:
                 self.report_warning(errmsg + str(ve))
 

-    def _download_json(self, url_or_request, video_id,
-                       note='Downloading JSON metadata',
-                       errnote='Unable to download JSON metadata',
-                       transform_source=None,
-                       fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-        json_string = self._download_webpage(
+    def _download_json_handle(
+            self, url_or_request, video_id, note='Downloading JSON metadata',
+            errnote='Unable to download JSON metadata', transform_source=None,
+            fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={},
+            expected_status=None):
+        """
+        Return a tuple (JSON object, URL handle).
+
+        See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification.
+        """
+        res = self._download_webpage_handle(

             url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal,
             url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal,

-            encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        if (not fatal) and json_string is False:
-            return None
+            encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query,
+            expected_status=expected_status)
+        if res is False:
+            return res
+        json_string, urlh = res

         return self._parse_json(
         return self._parse_json(

-            json_string, video_id, transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal)
+            json_string, video_id, transform_source=transform_source,
+            fatal=fatal), urlh
+
+    def _download_json(
+            self, url_or_request, video_id, note='Downloading JSON metadata',
+            errnote='Unable to download JSON metadata', transform_source=None,
+            fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={},
+            expected_status=None):
+        """
+        Return the JSON object as a dict.
+
+        See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification.
+        """
+        res = self._download_json_handle(
+            url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote,
+            transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal, encoding=encoding,
+            data=data, headers=headers, query=query,
+            expected_status=expected_status)
+        return res if res is False else res[0]

 
     def _parse_json(self, json_string, video_id, transform_source=None, fatal=True):
         if transform_source:
 
     def _parse_json(self, json_string, video_id, transform_source=None, fatal=True):
         if transform_source:


@@ -978,8 +1161,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
     def _search_json_ld(self, html, video_id, expected_type=None, **kwargs):
         json_ld = self._search_regex(
 
     def _search_json_ld(self, html, video_id, expected_type=None, **kwargs):
         json_ld = self._search_regex(

-            r'(?s)<script[^>]+type=(["\'])application/ld\+json\1[^>]*>(?P<json_ld>.+?)</script>',
-            html, 'JSON-LD', group='json_ld', **kwargs)
+            JSON_LD_RE, html, 'JSON-LD', group='json_ld', **kwargs)

         default = kwargs.get('default', NO_DEFAULT)
         if not json_ld:
             return default if default is not NO_DEFAULT else {}
         default = kwargs.get('default', NO_DEFAULT)
         if not json_ld:
             return default if default is not NO_DEFAULT else {}


@@ -1000,13 +1182,47 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         if isinstance(json_ld, dict):
             json_ld = [json_ld]
 
         if isinstance(json_ld, dict):
             json_ld = [json_ld]
 

+        INTERACTION_TYPE_MAP = {
+            'CommentAction': 'comment',
+            'AgreeAction': 'like',
+            'DisagreeAction': 'dislike',
+            'LikeAction': 'like',
+            'DislikeAction': 'dislike',
+            'ListenAction': 'view',
+            'WatchAction': 'view',
+            'ViewAction': 'view',
+        }
+
+        def extract_interaction_statistic(e):
+            interaction_statistic = e.get('interactionStatistic')
+            if not isinstance(interaction_statistic, list):
+                return
+            for is_e in interaction_statistic:
+                if not isinstance(is_e, dict):
+                    continue
+                if is_e.get('@type') != 'InteractionCounter':
+                    continue
+                interaction_type = is_e.get('interactionType')
+                if not isinstance(interaction_type, compat_str):
+                    continue
+                interaction_count = int_or_none(is_e.get('userInteractionCount'))
+                if interaction_count is None:
+                    continue
+                count_kind = INTERACTION_TYPE_MAP.get(interaction_type.split('/')[-1])
+                if not count_kind:
+                    continue
+                count_key = '%s_count' % count_kind
+                if info.get(count_key) is not None:
+                    continue
+                info[count_key] = interaction_count
+

         def extract_video_object(e):
             assert e['@type'] == 'VideoObject'
             info.update({
         def extract_video_object(e):
             assert e['@type'] == 'VideoObject'
             info.update({

-                'url': e.get('contentUrl'),
+                'url': url_or_none(e.get('contentUrl')),

                 'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('name')),
                 'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('description')),
                 'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('name')),
                 'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('description')),

-                'thumbnail': e.get('thumbnailUrl') or e.get('thumbnailURL'),
+                'thumbnail': url_or_none(e.get('thumbnailUrl') or e.get('thumbnailURL')),

                 'duration': parse_duration(e.get('duration')),
                 'timestamp': unified_timestamp(e.get('uploadDate')),
                 'filesize': float_or_none(e.get('contentSize')),
                 'duration': parse_duration(e.get('duration')),
                 'timestamp': unified_timestamp(e.get('uploadDate')),
                 'filesize': float_or_none(e.get('contentSize')),


@@ -1015,9 +1231,10 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 'height': int_or_none(e.get('height')),
                 'view_count': int_or_none(e.get('interactionCount')),
             })
                 'height': int_or_none(e.get('height')),
                 'view_count': int_or_none(e.get('interactionCount')),
             })

+            extract_interaction_statistic(e)

 
         for e in json_ld:
 
         for e in json_ld:

-            if e.get('@context') == 'http://schema.org':
+            if isinstance(e.get('@context'), compat_str) and re.match(r'^https?://schema.org/?$', e.get('@context')):

                 item_type = e.get('@type')
                 if expected_type is not None and expected_type != item_type:
                     return info
                 item_type = e.get('@type')
                 if expected_type is not None and expected_type != item_type:
                     return info


@@ -1033,7 +1250,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                     part_of_series = e.get('partOfSeries') or e.get('partOfTVSeries')
                     if isinstance(part_of_series, dict) and part_of_series.get('@type') in ('TVSeries', 'Series', 'CreativeWorkSeries'):
                         info['series'] = unescapeHTML(part_of_series.get('name'))
                     part_of_series = e.get('partOfSeries') or e.get('partOfTVSeries')
                     if isinstance(part_of_series, dict) and part_of_series.get('@type') in ('TVSeries', 'Series', 'CreativeWorkSeries'):
                         info['series'] = unescapeHTML(part_of_series.get('name'))

-                elif item_type == 'Article':
+                elif item_type in ('Article', 'NewsArticle'):

                     info.update({
                         'timestamp': parse_iso8601(e.get('datePublished')),
                         'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('headline')),
                     info.update({
                         'timestamp': parse_iso8601(e.get('datePublished')),
                         'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('headline')),


@@ -1356,6 +1573,9 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         if '#EXT-X-FAXS-CM:' in m3u8_doc:  # Adobe Flash Access
             return []
 
         if '#EXT-X-FAXS-CM:' in m3u8_doc:  # Adobe Flash Access
             return []
 

+        if re.search(r'#EXT-X-SESSION-KEY:.*?URI="skd://', m3u8_doc):  # Apple FairPlay
+            return []
+

         formats = []
 
         format_url = lambda u: (
         formats = []
 
         format_url = lambda u: (


@@ -1492,9 +1712,9 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 # However, this is not always respected, for example, [2]
                 # contains EXT-X-STREAM-INF tag which references AUDIO
                 # rendition group but does not have CODECS and despite
                 # However, this is not always respected, for example, [2]
                 # contains EXT-X-STREAM-INF tag which references AUDIO
                 # rendition group but does not have CODECS and despite

-                # referencing audio group an audio group, it represents
-                # a complete (with audio and video) format. So, for such cases
-                # we will ignore references to rendition groups and treat them
+                # referencing an audio group it represents a complete
+                # (with audio and video) format. So, for such cases we will
+                # ignore references to rendition groups and treat them

                 # as complete formats.
                 if audio_group_id and codecs and f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
                     audio_group = groups.get(audio_group_id)
                 # as complete formats.
                 if audio_group_id and codecs and f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
                     audio_group = groups.get(audio_group_id)


@@ -1650,9 +1870,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                         'height': height,
                     })
                 formats.extend(m3u8_formats)
                         'height': height,
                     })
                 formats.extend(m3u8_formats)

-                continue
-
-            if src_ext == 'f4m':
+            elif src_ext == 'f4m':

                 f4m_url = src_url
                 if not f4m_params:
                     f4m_params = {
                 f4m_url = src_url
                 if not f4m_params:
                     f4m_params = {


@@ -1662,9 +1880,13 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 f4m_url += '&' if '?' in f4m_url else '?'
                 f4m_url += compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(f4m_params)
                 formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
                 f4m_url += '&' if '?' in f4m_url else '?'
                 f4m_url += compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(f4m_params)
                 formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))

-                continue
-
-            if src_url.startswith('http') and self._is_valid_url(src, video_id):
+            elif src_ext == 'mpd':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                    src_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+            elif re.search(r'\.ism/[Mm]anifest', src_url):
+                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(
+                    src_url, video_id, ism_id='mss', fatal=False))
+            elif src_url.startswith('http') and self._is_valid_url(src, video_id):

                 http_count += 1
                 formats.append({
                     'url': src_url,
                 http_count += 1
                 formats.append({
                     'url': src_url,


@@ -1675,7 +1897,6 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                     'width': width,
                     'height': height,
                 })
                     'width': width,
                     'height': height,
                 })

-                continue

 
         return formats
 
 
         return formats
 


@@ -1695,22 +1916,24 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             })
         return subtitles
 
             })
         return subtitles
 

-    def _extract_xspf_playlist(self, playlist_url, playlist_id, fatal=True):
+    def _extract_xspf_playlist(self, xspf_url, playlist_id, fatal=True):

         xspf = self._download_xml(
         xspf = self._download_xml(

-            playlist_url, playlist_id, 'Downloading xpsf playlist',
+            xspf_url, playlist_id, 'Downloading xpsf playlist',

             'Unable to download xspf manifest', fatal=fatal)
         if xspf is False:
             return []
             'Unable to download xspf manifest', fatal=fatal)
         if xspf is False:
             return []

-        return self._parse_xspf(xspf, playlist_id)
+        return self._parse_xspf(
+            xspf, playlist_id, xspf_url=xspf_url,
+            xspf_base_url=base_url(xspf_url))

 
 

-    def _parse_xspf(self, playlist, playlist_id):
+    def _parse_xspf(self, xspf_doc, playlist_id, xspf_url=None, xspf_base_url=None):

         NS_MAP = {
             'xspf': 'http://xspf.org/ns/0/',
             's1': 'http://static.streamone.nl/player/ns/0',
         }
 
         entries = []
         NS_MAP = {
             'xspf': 'http://xspf.org/ns/0/',
             's1': 'http://static.streamone.nl/player/ns/0',
         }
 
         entries = []

-        for track in playlist.findall(xpath_with_ns('./xspf:trackList/xspf:track', NS_MAP)):
+        for track in xspf_doc.findall(xpath_with_ns('./xspf:trackList/xspf:track', NS_MAP)):

             title = xpath_text(
                 track, xpath_with_ns('./xspf:title', NS_MAP), 'title', default=playlist_id)
             description = xpath_text(
             title = xpath_text(
                 track, xpath_with_ns('./xspf:title', NS_MAP), 'title', default=playlist_id)
             description = xpath_text(


@@ -1720,12 +1943,18 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             duration = float_or_none(
                 xpath_text(track, xpath_with_ns('./xspf:duration', NS_MAP), 'duration'), 1000)
 
             duration = float_or_none(
                 xpath_text(track, xpath_with_ns('./xspf:duration', NS_MAP), 'duration'), 1000)
 

-            formats = [{
-                'url': location.text,
-                'format_id': location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:label', NS_MAP)),
-                'width': int_or_none(location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:width', NS_MAP))),
-                'height': int_or_none(location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:height', NS_MAP))),
-            } for location in track.findall(xpath_with_ns('./xspf:location', NS_MAP))]
+            formats = []
+            for location in track.findall(xpath_with_ns('./xspf:location', NS_MAP)):
+                format_url = urljoin(xspf_base_url, location.text)
+                if not format_url:
+                    continue
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': format_url,
+                    'manifest_url': xspf_url,
+                    'format_id': location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:label', NS_MAP)),
+                    'width': int_or_none(location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:width', NS_MAP))),
+                    'height': int_or_none(location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:height', NS_MAP))),
+                })

             self._sort_formats(formats)
 
             entries.append({
             self._sort_formats(formats)
 
             entries.append({


@@ -1739,18 +1968,18 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         return entries
 
     def _extract_mpd_formats(self, mpd_url, video_id, mpd_id=None, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, formats_dict={}):
         return entries
 
     def _extract_mpd_formats(self, mpd_url, video_id, mpd_id=None, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, formats_dict={}):

-        res = self._download_webpage_handle(
+        res = self._download_xml_handle(

             mpd_url, video_id,
             note=note or 'Downloading MPD manifest',
             errnote=errnote or 'Failed to download MPD manifest',
             fatal=fatal)
         if res is False:
             return []
             mpd_url, video_id,
             note=note or 'Downloading MPD manifest',
             errnote=errnote or 'Failed to download MPD manifest',
             fatal=fatal)
         if res is False:
             return []

-        mpd, urlh = res
+        mpd_doc, urlh = res

         mpd_base_url = base_url(urlh.geturl())
 
         return self._parse_mpd_formats(
         mpd_base_url = base_url(urlh.geturl())
 
         return self._parse_mpd_formats(

-            compat_etree_fromstring(mpd.encode('utf-8')), mpd_id, mpd_base_url,
+            mpd_doc, mpd_id=mpd_id, mpd_base_url=mpd_base_url,

             formats_dict=formats_dict, mpd_url=mpd_url)
 
     def _parse_mpd_formats(self, mpd_doc, mpd_id=None, mpd_base_url='', formats_dict={}, mpd_url=None):
             formats_dict=formats_dict, mpd_url=mpd_url)
 
     def _parse_mpd_formats(self, mpd_doc, mpd_id=None, mpd_base_url='', formats_dict={}, mpd_url=None):


@@ -1883,12 +2112,27 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                             'language': lang if lang not in ('mul', 'und', 'zxx', 'mis') else None,
                             'format_note': 'DASH %s' % content_type,
                             'filesize': filesize,
                             'language': lang if lang not in ('mul', 'und', 'zxx', 'mis') else None,
                             'format_note': 'DASH %s' % content_type,
                             'filesize': filesize,

+                            'container': mimetype2ext(mime_type) + '_dash',

                         }
                         f.update(parse_codecs(representation_attrib.get('codecs')))
                         representation_ms_info = extract_multisegment_info(representation, adaption_set_ms_info)
 
                         def prepare_template(template_name, identifiers):
                         }
                         f.update(parse_codecs(representation_attrib.get('codecs')))
                         representation_ms_info = extract_multisegment_info(representation, adaption_set_ms_info)
 
                         def prepare_template(template_name, identifiers):

-                            t = representation_ms_info[template_name]
+                            tmpl = representation_ms_info[template_name]
+                            # First of, % characters outside $...$ templates
+                            # must be escaped by doubling for proper processing
+                            # by % operator string formatting used further (see
+                            # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/16867).
+                            t = ''
+                            in_template = False
+                            for c in tmpl:
+                                t += c
+                                if c == '$':
+                                    in_template = not in_template
+                                elif c == '%' and not in_template:
+                                    t += c
+                            # Next, $...$ templates are translated to their
+                            # %(...) counterparts to be used with % operator

                             t = t.replace('$RepresentationID$', representation_id)
                             t = re.sub(r'\$(%s)\$' % '|'.join(identifiers), r'%(\1)d', t)
                             t = re.sub(r'\$(%s)%%([^$]+)\$' % '|'.join(identifiers), r'%(\1)\2', t)
                             t = t.replace('$RepresentationID$', representation_id)
                             t = re.sub(r'\$(%s)\$' % '|'.join(identifiers), r'%(\1)d', t)
                             t = re.sub(r'\$(%s)%%([^$]+)\$' % '|'.join(identifiers), r'%(\1)\2', t)


@@ -1980,6 +2224,22 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                                     })
                                     segment_index += 1
                             representation_ms_info['fragments'] = fragments
                                     })
                                     segment_index += 1
                             representation_ms_info['fragments'] = fragments

+                        elif 'segment_urls' in representation_ms_info:
+                            # Segment URLs with no SegmentTimeline
+                            # Example: https://www.seznam.cz/zpravy/clanek/cesko-zasahne-vitr-o-sile-vichrice-muze-byt-i-zivotu-nebezpecny-39091
+                            # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/14844
+                            fragments = []
+                            segment_duration = float_or_none(
+                                representation_ms_info['segment_duration'],
+                                representation_ms_info['timescale']) if 'segment_duration' in representation_ms_info else None
+                            for segment_url in representation_ms_info['segment_urls']:
+                                fragment = {
+                                    location_key(segment_url): segment_url,
+                                }
+                                if segment_duration:
+                                    fragment['duration'] = segment_duration
+                                fragments.append(fragment)
+                            representation_ms_info['fragments'] = fragments

                         # NB: MPD manifest may contain direct URLs to unfragmented media.
                         # No fragments key is present in this case.
                         if 'fragments' in representation_ms_info:
                         # NB: MPD manifest may contain direct URLs to unfragmented media.
                         # No fragments key is present in this case.
                         if 'fragments' in representation_ms_info:


@@ -1994,32 +2254,29 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                                     f['url'] = initialization_url
                                 f['fragments'].append({location_key(initialization_url): initialization_url})
                             f['fragments'].extend(representation_ms_info['fragments'])
                                     f['url'] = initialization_url
                                 f['fragments'].append({location_key(initialization_url): initialization_url})
                             f['fragments'].extend(representation_ms_info['fragments'])

-                        try:
-                            existing_format = next(
-                                fo for fo in formats
-                                if fo['format_id'] == representation_id)
-                        except StopIteration:
-                            full_info = formats_dict.get(representation_id, {}).copy()
-                            full_info.update(f)
-                            formats.append(full_info)
-                        else:
-                            existing_format.update(f)
+                        # According to [1, 5.3.5.2, Table 7, page 35] @id of Representation
+                        # is not necessarily unique within a Period thus formats with
+                        # the same `format_id` are quite possible. There are numerous examples
+                        # of such manifests (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/15111,
+                        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/13919)
+                        full_info = formats_dict.get(representation_id, {}).copy()
+                        full_info.update(f)
+                        formats.append(full_info)

                     else:
                         self.report_warning('Unknown MIME type %s in DASH manifest' % mime_type)
         return formats
 
     def _extract_ism_formats(self, ism_url, video_id, ism_id=None, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True):
                     else:
                         self.report_warning('Unknown MIME type %s in DASH manifest' % mime_type)
         return formats
 
     def _extract_ism_formats(self, ism_url, video_id, ism_id=None, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True):

-        res = self._download_webpage_handle(
+        res = self._download_xml_handle(

             ism_url, video_id,
             note=note or 'Downloading ISM manifest',
             errnote=errnote or 'Failed to download ISM manifest',
             fatal=fatal)
         if res is False:
             return []
             ism_url, video_id,
             note=note or 'Downloading ISM manifest',
             errnote=errnote or 'Failed to download ISM manifest',
             fatal=fatal)
         if res is False:
             return []

-        ism, urlh = res
+        ism_doc, urlh = res

 
 

-        return self._parse_ism_formats(
-            compat_etree_fromstring(ism.encode('utf-8')), urlh.geturl(), ism_id)
+        return self._parse_ism_formats(ism_doc, urlh.geturl(), ism_id)

 
     def _parse_ism_formats(self, ism_doc, ism_url, ism_id=None):
         """
 
     def _parse_ism_formats(self, ism_doc, ism_url, ism_id=None):
         """


@@ -2043,7 +2300,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             stream_timescale = int_or_none(stream.get('TimeScale')) or timescale
             stream_name = stream.get('Name')
             for track in stream.findall('QualityLevel'):
             stream_timescale = int_or_none(stream.get('TimeScale')) or timescale
             stream_name = stream.get('Name')
             for track in stream.findall('QualityLevel'):

-                fourcc = track.get('FourCC')
+                fourcc = track.get('FourCC', 'AACL' if track.get('AudioTag') == '255' else None)

                 # TODO: add support for WVC1 and WMAP
                 if fourcc not in ('H264', 'AVC1', 'AACL'):
                     self.report_warning('%s is not a supported codec' % fourcc)
                 # TODO: add support for WVC1 and WMAP
                 if fourcc not in ('H264', 'AVC1', 'AACL'):
                     self.report_warning('%s is not a supported codec' % fourcc)


@@ -2117,8 +2374,8 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         return formats
 
     def _parse_html5_media_entries(self, base_url, webpage, video_id, m3u8_id=None, m3u8_entry_protocol='m3u8', mpd_id=None, preference=None):
         return formats
 
     def _parse_html5_media_entries(self, base_url, webpage, video_id, m3u8_id=None, m3u8_entry_protocol='m3u8', mpd_id=None, preference=None):

-        def absolute_url(video_url):
-            return compat_urlparse.urljoin(base_url, video_url)
+        def absolute_url(item_url):
+            return urljoin(base_url, item_url)

 
         def parse_content_type(content_type):
             if not content_type:
 
         def parse_content_type(content_type):
             if not content_type:


@@ -2175,7 +2432,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             if src:
                 _, formats = _media_formats(src, media_type)
                 media_info['formats'].extend(formats)
             if src:
                 _, formats = _media_formats(src, media_type)
                 media_info['formats'].extend(formats)

-            media_info['thumbnail'] = media_attributes.get('poster')
+            media_info['thumbnail'] = absolute_url(media_attributes.get('poster'))

             if media_content:
                 for source_tag in re.findall(r'<source[^>]+>', media_content):
                     source_attributes = extract_attributes(source_tag)
             if media_content:
                 for source_tag in re.findall(r'<source[^>]+>', media_content):
                     source_attributes = extract_attributes(source_tag)


@@ -2206,6 +2463,8 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                         media_info['subtitles'].setdefault(lang, []).append({
                             'url': absolute_url(src),
                         })
                         media_info['subtitles'].setdefault(lang, []).append({
                             'url': absolute_url(src),
                         })

+            for f in media_info['formats']:
+                f.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Referer'] = base_url

             if media_info['formats'] or media_info['subtitles']:
                 entries.append(media_info)
         return entries
             if media_info['formats'] or media_info['subtitles']:
                 entries.append(media_info)
         return entries


@@ -2236,9 +2495,10 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
     def _extract_wowza_formats(self, url, video_id, m3u8_entry_protocol='m3u8_native', skip_protocols=[]):
         query = compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query
         url = re.sub(r'/(?:manifest|playlist|jwplayer)\.(?:m3u8|f4m|mpd|smil)', '', url)
     def _extract_wowza_formats(self, url, video_id, m3u8_entry_protocol='m3u8_native', skip_protocols=[]):
         query = compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query
         url = re.sub(r'/(?:manifest|playlist|jwplayer)\.(?:m3u8|f4m|mpd|smil)', '', url)

-        url_base = self._search_regex(
-            r'(?:(?:https?|rtmp|rtsp):)?(//[^?]+)', url, 'format url')
-        http_base_url = '%s:%s' % ('http', url_base)
+        mobj = re.search(
+            r'(?:(?:http|rtmp|rtsp)(?P<s>s)?:)?(?P<url>//[^?]+)', url)
+        url_base = mobj.group('url')
+        http_base_url = '%s%s:%s' % ('http', mobj.group('s') or '', url_base)

         formats = []
 
         def manifest_url(manifest):
         formats = []
 
         def manifest_url(manifest):


@@ -2338,7 +2598,10 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 for track in tracks:
                     if not isinstance(track, dict):
                         continue
                 for track in tracks:
                     if not isinstance(track, dict):
                         continue

-                    if track.get('kind') != 'captions':
+                    track_kind = track.get('kind')
+                    if not track_kind or not isinstance(track_kind, compat_str):
+                        continue
+                    if track_kind.lower() not in ('captions', 'subtitles'):

                         continue
                     track_url = urljoin(base_url, track.get('file'))
                     if not track_url:
                         continue
                     track_url = urljoin(base_url, track.get('file'))
                     if not track_url:


@@ -2392,7 +2655,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     source_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
                     m3u8_id=m3u8_id, fatal=False))
                 formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     source_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
                     m3u8_id=m3u8_id, fatal=False))

-            elif ext == 'mpd':
+            elif source_type == 'dash' or ext == 'mpd':

                 formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
                     source_url, video_id, mpd_id=mpd_id, fatal=False))
             elif ext == 'smil':
                 formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
                     source_url, video_id, mpd_id=mpd_id, fatal=False))
             elif ext == 'smil':