debian/control: Mark package compliant with Policy 4.3.0 (no changes needed).

[youtubedl] / youtube_dl / utils.py

diff --git a/youtube_dl/utils.py b/youtube_dl/utils.py
index 9595bcf9f120ea4d24133e3f7399e637d14ac035..d2d3c1a9fde82510f47b8fcd43c726b51bedf9d6 100644 (file)
--- a/youtube_dl/utils.py
+++ b/youtube_dl/utils.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import contextlib
 import ctypes
 import datetime
 import email.utils
 import ctypes
 import datetime
 import email.utils

+import email.header

 import errno
 import functools
 import gzip
 import errno
 import functools
 import gzip


@@ -21,8 +22,8 @@ import locale
 import math
 import operator
 import os
 import math
 import operator
 import os

-import pipes

 import platform
 import platform

+import random

 import re
 import socket
 import ssl
 import re
 import socket
 import ssl


@@ -34,10 +35,14 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree
 import zlib
 
 from .compat import (
 import zlib
 
 from .compat import (

+    compat_HTMLParseError,

     compat_HTMLParser,
     compat_basestring,
     compat_chr,
     compat_HTMLParser,
     compat_basestring,
     compat_chr,

+    compat_cookiejar,
+    compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE,

     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_etree_fromstring,

+    compat_expanduser,

     compat_html_entities,
     compat_html_entities_html5,
     compat_http_client,
     compat_html_entities,
     compat_html_entities_html5,
     compat_http_client,


@@ -45,7 +50,6 @@ from .compat import (
     compat_os_name,
     compat_parse_qs,
     compat_shlex_quote,
     compat_os_name,
     compat_parse_qs,
     compat_shlex_quote,

-    compat_socket_create_connection,

     compat_str,
     compat_struct_pack,
     compat_struct_unpack,
     compat_str,
     compat_struct_pack,
     compat_struct_unpack,


@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ def register_socks_protocols():
 compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
 
 std_headers = {
 compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
 
 std_headers = {

-    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:10.0) Gecko/20150101 Firefox/47.0 (Chrome)',
+    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:59.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/59.0',

     'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7',
     'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
     'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
     'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7',
     'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
     'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',


@@ -86,6 +90,11 @@ std_headers = {
 }
 
 
 }
 
 

+USER_AGENTS = {
+    'Safari': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:10.0) AppleWebKit/533.20.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.4 Safari/533.20.27',
+}
+
+

 NO_DEFAULT = object()
 
 ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES = [
 NO_DEFAULT = object()
 
 ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES = [


@@ -123,7 +132,13 @@ DATE_FORMATS = (
     '%d %B %Y',
     '%d %b %Y',
     '%B %d %Y',
     '%d %B %Y',
     '%d %b %Y',
     '%B %d %Y',

+    '%B %dst %Y',
+    '%B %dnd %Y',
+    '%B %dth %Y',

     '%b %d %Y',
     '%b %d %Y',

+    '%b %dst %Y',
+    '%b %dnd %Y',
+    '%b %dth %Y',

     '%b %dst %Y %I:%M',
     '%b %dnd %Y %I:%M',
     '%b %dth %Y %I:%M',
     '%b %dst %Y %I:%M',
     '%b %dnd %Y %I:%M',
     '%b %dth %Y %I:%M',


@@ -132,6 +147,7 @@ DATE_FORMATS = (
     '%Y/%m/%d',
     '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M',
     '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y/%m/%d',
     '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M',
     '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',

+    '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',

     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f',
     '%d.%m.%Y %H:%M',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f',
     '%d.%m.%Y %H:%M',


@@ -144,6 +160,8 @@ DATE_FORMATS = (
     '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M',
     '%b %d %Y at %H:%M',
     '%b %d %Y at %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M',
     '%b %d %Y at %H:%M',
     '%b %d %Y at %H:%M:%S',

+    '%B %d %Y at %H:%M',
+    '%B %d %Y at %H:%M:%S',

 )
 
 DATE_FORMATS_DAY_FIRST = list(DATE_FORMATS)
 )
 
 DATE_FORMATS_DAY_FIRST = list(DATE_FORMATS)


@@ -166,6 +184,7 @@ DATE_FORMATS_MONTH_FIRST.extend([
 ])
 
 PACKED_CODES_RE = r"}\('(.+)',(\d+),(\d+),'([^']+)'\.split\('\|'\)"
 ])
 
 PACKED_CODES_RE = r"}\('(.+)',(\d+),(\d+),'([^']+)'\.split\('\|'\)"

+JSON_LD_RE = r'(?is)<script[^>]+type=(["\'])application/ld\+json\1[^>]*>(?P<json_ld>.+?)</script>'

 
 
 def preferredencoding():
 
 
 def preferredencoding():


@@ -325,34 +344,46 @@ def get_element_by_id(id, html):
 
 
 def get_element_by_class(class_name, html):
 
 
 def get_element_by_class(class_name, html):

-    return get_element_by_attribute(
+    """Return the content of the first tag with the specified class in the passed HTML document"""
+    retval = get_elements_by_class(class_name, html)
+    return retval[0] if retval else None
+
+
+def get_element_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):
+    retval = get_elements_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value)
+    return retval[0] if retval else None
+
+
+def get_elements_by_class(class_name, html):
+    """Return the content of all tags with the specified class in the passed HTML document as a list"""
+    return get_elements_by_attribute(

         'class', r'[^\'"]*\b%s\b[^\'"]*' % re.escape(class_name),
         html, escape_value=False)
 
 
         'class', r'[^\'"]*\b%s\b[^\'"]*' % re.escape(class_name),
         html, escape_value=False)
 
 

-def get_element_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):
+def get_elements_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):

     """Return the content of the tag with the specified attribute in the passed HTML document"""
 
     value = re.escape(value) if escape_value else value
 
     """Return the content of the tag with the specified attribute in the passed HTML document"""
 
     value = re.escape(value) if escape_value else value
 

-    m = re.search(r'''(?xs)
+    retlist = []
+    for m in re.finditer(r'''(?xs)

         <([a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+)
         <([a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+)

-         (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*|="[^"]*"|='[^']*'))*?
+         (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*|="[^"]*"|='[^']*'|))*?

          \s+%s=['"]?%s['"]?
          \s+%s=['"]?%s['"]?

-         (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*|="[^"]*"|='[^']*'))*?
+         (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*|="[^"]*"|='[^']*'|))*?

         \s*>
         (?P<content>.*?)
         </\1>
         \s*>
         (?P<content>.*?)
         </\1>

-    ''' % (re.escape(attribute), value), html)
+    ''' % (re.escape(attribute), value), html):
+        res = m.group('content')

 
 

-    if not m:
-        return None
-    res = m.group('content')
+        if res.startswith('"') or res.startswith("'"):
+            res = res[1:-1]

 
 

-    if res.startswith('"') or res.startswith("'"):
-        res = res[1:-1]
+        retlist.append(unescapeHTML(res))

 
 

-    return unescapeHTML(res)
+    return retlist

 
 
 class HTMLAttributeParser(compat_HTMLParser):
 
 
 class HTMLAttributeParser(compat_HTMLParser):


@@ -382,8 +413,12 @@ def extract_attributes(html_element):
     but the cases in the unit test will work for all of 2.6, 2.7, 3.2-3.5.
     """
     parser = HTMLAttributeParser()
     but the cases in the unit test will work for all of 2.6, 2.7, 3.2-3.5.
     """
     parser = HTMLAttributeParser()

-    parser.feed(html_element)
-    parser.close()
+    try:
+        parser.feed(html_element)
+        parser.close()
+    # Older Python may throw HTMLParseError in case of malformed HTML
+    except compat_HTMLParseError:
+        pass

     return parser.attrs
 
 
     return parser.attrs
 
 


@@ -395,8 +430,8 @@ def clean_html(html):
 
     # Newline vs <br />
     html = html.replace('\n', ' ')
 
     # Newline vs <br />
     html = html.replace('\n', ' ')

-    html = re.sub(r'\s*<\s*br\s*/?\s*>\s*', '\n', html)
-    html = re.sub(r'<\s*/\s*p\s*>\s*<\s*p[^>]*>', '\n', html)
+    html = re.sub(r'(?u)\s*<\s*br\s*/?\s*>\s*', '\n', html)
+    html = re.sub(r'(?u)<\s*/\s*p\s*>\s*<\s*p[^>]*>', '\n', html)

     # Strip html tags
     html = re.sub('<.*?>', '', html)
     # Replace html entities
     # Strip html tags
     html = re.sub('<.*?>', '', html)
     # Replace html entities


@@ -448,7 +483,8 @@ def timeconvert(timestr):
 def sanitize_filename(s, restricted=False, is_id=False):
     """Sanitizes a string so it could be used as part of a filename.
     If restricted is set, use a stricter subset of allowed characters.
 def sanitize_filename(s, restricted=False, is_id=False):
     """Sanitizes a string so it could be used as part of a filename.
     If restricted is set, use a stricter subset of allowed characters.

-    Set is_id if this is not an arbitrary string, but an ID that should be kept if possible
+    Set is_id if this is not an arbitrary string, but an ID that should be kept
+    if possible.

     """
     def replace_insane(char):
         if restricted and char in ACCENT_CHARS:
     """
     def replace_insane(char):
         if restricted and char in ACCENT_CHARS:


@@ -496,23 +532,40 @@ def sanitize_path(s):
     if drive_or_unc:
         norm_path.pop(0)
     sanitized_path = [
     if drive_or_unc:
         norm_path.pop(0)
     sanitized_path = [

-        path_part if path_part in ['.', '..'] else re.sub('(?:[/<>:"\\|\\\\?\\*]|[\s.]$)', '#', path_part)
+        path_part if path_part in ['.', '..'] else re.sub(r'(?:[/<>:"\|\\?\*]|[\s.]$)', '#', path_part)

         for path_part in norm_path]
     if drive_or_unc:
         sanitized_path.insert(0, drive_or_unc + os.path.sep)
     return os.path.join(*sanitized_path)
 
 
         for path_part in norm_path]
     if drive_or_unc:
         sanitized_path.insert(0, drive_or_unc + os.path.sep)
     return os.path.join(*sanitized_path)
 
 

-# Prepend protocol-less URLs with `http:` scheme in order to mitigate the number of
-# unwanted failures due to missing protocol

 def sanitize_url(url):
 def sanitize_url(url):

-    return 'http:%s' % url if url.startswith('//') else url
+    # Prepend protocol-less URLs with `http:` scheme in order to mitigate
+    # the number of unwanted failures due to missing protocol
+    if url.startswith('//'):
+        return 'http:%s' % url
+    # Fix some common typos seen so far
+    COMMON_TYPOS = (
+        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/15649
+        (r'^httpss://', r'https://'),
+        # https://bx1.be/lives/direct-tv/
+        (r'^rmtp([es]?)://', r'rtmp\1://'),
+    )
+    for mistake, fixup in COMMON_TYPOS:
+        if re.match(mistake, url):
+            return re.sub(mistake, fixup, url)
+    return url

 
 
 def sanitized_Request(url, *args, **kwargs):
     return compat_urllib_request.Request(sanitize_url(url), *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 
 
 def sanitized_Request(url, *args, **kwargs):
     return compat_urllib_request.Request(sanitize_url(url), *args, **kwargs)
 
 

+def expand_path(s):
+    """Expand shell variables and ~"""
+    return os.path.expandvars(compat_expanduser(s))
+
+

 def orderedSet(iterable):
     """ Remove all duplicates from the input iterable """
     res = []
 def orderedSet(iterable):
     """ Remove all duplicates from the input iterable """
     res = []


@@ -559,7 +612,7 @@ def unescapeHTML(s):
     assert type(s) == compat_str
 
     return re.sub(
     assert type(s) == compat_str
 
     return re.sub(

-        r'&([^;]+;)', lambda m: _htmlentity_transform(m.group(1)), s)
+        r'&([^&;]+;)', lambda m: _htmlentity_transform(m.group(1)), s)

 
 
 def get_subprocess_encoding():
 
 
 def get_subprocess_encoding():


@@ -677,7 +730,12 @@ def bug_reports_message():
     return msg
 
 
     return msg
 
 

-class ExtractorError(Exception):
+class YoutubeDLError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for YoutubeDL errors."""
+    pass
+
+
+class ExtractorError(YoutubeDLError):

     """Error during info extraction."""
 
     def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False, cause=None, video_id=None):
     """Error during info extraction."""
 
     def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False, cause=None, video_id=None):


@@ -718,7 +776,19 @@ class RegexNotFoundError(ExtractorError):
     pass
 
 
     pass
 
 

-class DownloadError(Exception):
+class GeoRestrictedError(ExtractorError):
+    """Geographic restriction Error exception.
+
+    This exception may be thrown when a video is not available from your
+    geographic location due to geographic restrictions imposed by a website.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, msg, countries=None):
+        super(GeoRestrictedError, self).__init__(msg, expected=True)
+        self.msg = msg
+        self.countries = countries
+
+
+class DownloadError(YoutubeDLError):

     """Download Error exception.
 
     This exception may be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they are not
     """Download Error exception.
 
     This exception may be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they are not


@@ -732,7 +802,7 @@ class DownloadError(Exception):
         self.exc_info = exc_info
 
 
         self.exc_info = exc_info
 
 

-class SameFileError(Exception):
+class SameFileError(YoutubeDLError):

     """Same File exception.
 
     This exception will be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they detect
     """Same File exception.
 
     This exception will be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they detect


@@ -741,7 +811,7 @@ class SameFileError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
     pass
 
 

-class PostProcessingError(Exception):
+class PostProcessingError(YoutubeDLError):

     """Post Processing exception.
 
     This exception may be raised by PostProcessor's .run() method to
     """Post Processing exception.
 
     This exception may be raised by PostProcessor's .run() method to


@@ -749,15 +819,16 @@ class PostProcessingError(Exception):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, msg):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, msg):

+        super(PostProcessingError, self).__init__(msg)

         self.msg = msg
 
 
         self.msg = msg
 
 

-class MaxDownloadsReached(Exception):
+class MaxDownloadsReached(YoutubeDLError):

     """ --max-downloads limit has been reached. """
     pass
 
 
     """ --max-downloads limit has been reached. """
     pass
 
 

-class UnavailableVideoError(Exception):
+class UnavailableVideoError(YoutubeDLError):

     """Unavailable Format exception.
 
     This exception will be thrown when a video is requested
     """Unavailable Format exception.
 
     This exception will be thrown when a video is requested


@@ -766,7 +837,7 @@ class UnavailableVideoError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
     pass
 
 

-class ContentTooShortError(Exception):
+class ContentTooShortError(YoutubeDLError):

     """Content Too Short exception.
 
     This exception may be raised by FileDownloader objects when a file they
     """Content Too Short exception.
 
     This exception may be raised by FileDownloader objects when a file they


@@ -775,12 +846,15 @@ class ContentTooShortError(Exception):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, downloaded, expected):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, downloaded, expected):

+        super(ContentTooShortError, self).__init__(
+            'Downloaded {0} bytes, expected {1} bytes'.format(downloaded, expected)
+        )

         # Both in bytes
         self.downloaded = downloaded
         self.expected = expected
 
 
         # Both in bytes
         self.downloaded = downloaded
         self.expected = expected
 
 

-class XAttrMetadataError(Exception):
+class XAttrMetadataError(YoutubeDLError):

     def __init__(self, code=None, msg='Unknown error'):
         super(XAttrMetadataError, self).__init__(msg)
         self.code = code
     def __init__(self, code=None, msg='Unknown error'):
         super(XAttrMetadataError, self).__init__(msg)
         self.code = code


@@ -796,7 +870,7 @@ class XAttrMetadataError(Exception):
             self.reason = 'NOT_SUPPORTED'
 
 
             self.reason = 'NOT_SUPPORTED'
 
 

-class XAttrUnavailableError(Exception):
+class XAttrUnavailableError(YoutubeDLError):

     pass
 
 
     pass
 
 


@@ -805,16 +879,54 @@ def _create_http_connection(ydl_handler, http_class, is_https, *args, **kwargs):
     # expected HTTP responses to meet HTTP/1.0 or later (see also
     # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6727)
     if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
     # expected HTTP responses to meet HTTP/1.0 or later (see also
     # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6727)
     if sys.version_info < (3, 0):

-        kwargs[b'strict'] = True
-    hc = http_class(*args, **kwargs)
+        kwargs['strict'] = True
+    hc = http_class(*args, **compat_kwargs(kwargs))

     source_address = ydl_handler._params.get('source_address')
     source_address = ydl_handler._params.get('source_address')

+

     if source_address is not None:
     if source_address is not None:

+        # This is to workaround _create_connection() from socket where it will try all
+        # address data from getaddrinfo() including IPv6. This filters the result from
+        # getaddrinfo() based on the source_address value.
+        # This is based on the cpython socket.create_connection() function.
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/master/Lib/socket.py#L691
+        def _create_connection(address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None):
+            host, port = address
+            err = None
+            addrs = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+            af = socket.AF_INET if '.' in source_address[0] else socket.AF_INET6
+            ip_addrs = [addr for addr in addrs if addr[0] == af]
+            if addrs and not ip_addrs:
+                ip_version = 'v4' if af == socket.AF_INET else 'v6'
+                raise socket.error(
+                    "No remote IP%s addresses available for connect, can't use '%s' as source address"
+                    % (ip_version, source_address[0]))
+            for res in ip_addrs:
+                af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+                sock = None
+                try:
+                    sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+                    if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                        sock.settimeout(timeout)
+                    sock.bind(source_address)
+                    sock.connect(sa)
+                    err = None  # Explicitly break reference cycle
+                    return sock
+                except socket.error as _:
+                    err = _
+                    if sock is not None:
+                        sock.close()
+            if err is not None:
+                raise err
+            else:
+                raise socket.error('getaddrinfo returns an empty list')
+        if hasattr(hc, '_create_connection'):
+            hc._create_connection = _create_connection

         sa = (source_address, 0)
         if hasattr(hc, 'source_address'):  # Python 2.7+
             hc.source_address = sa
         else:  # Python 2.6
             def _hc_connect(self, *args, **kwargs):
         sa = (source_address, 0)
         if hasattr(hc, 'source_address'):  # Python 2.7+
             hc.source_address = sa
         else:  # Python 2.6
             def _hc_connect(self, *args, **kwargs):

-                sock = compat_socket_create_connection(
+                sock = _create_connection(

                     (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, sa)
                 if is_https:
                     self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(
                     (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, sa)
                 if is_https:
                     self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(


@@ -878,14 +990,6 @@ class YoutubeDLHandler(compat_urllib_request.HTTPHandler):
         except zlib.error:
             return zlib.decompress(data)
 
         except zlib.error:
             return zlib.decompress(data)
 

-    @staticmethod
-    def addinfourl_wrapper(stream, headers, url, code):
-        if hasattr(compat_urllib_request.addinfourl, 'getcode'):
-            return compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(stream, headers, url, code)
-        ret = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(stream, headers, url)
-        ret.code = code
-        return ret
-

     def http_request(self, req):
         # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
         # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded
     def http_request(self, req):
         # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
         # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded


@@ -937,13 +1041,13 @@ class YoutubeDLHandler(compat_urllib_request.HTTPHandler):
                     break
                 else:
                     raise original_ioerror
                     break
                 else:
                     raise original_ioerror

-            resp = self.addinfourl_wrapper(uncompressed, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
+            resp = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(uncompressed, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)

             resp.msg = old_resp.msg
             del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
         # deflate
         if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'deflate':
             gz = io.BytesIO(self.deflate(resp.read()))
             resp.msg = old_resp.msg
             del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
         # deflate
         if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'deflate':
             gz = io.BytesIO(self.deflate(resp.read()))

-            resp = self.addinfourl_wrapper(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
+            resp = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)

             resp.msg = old_resp.msg
             del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
         # Percent-encode redirect URL of Location HTTP header to satisfy RFC 3986 (see
             resp.msg = old_resp.msg
             del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
         # Percent-encode redirect URL of Location HTTP header to satisfy RFC 3986 (see


@@ -1036,6 +1140,33 @@ class YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler):
             req, **kwargs)
 
 
             req, **kwargs)
 
 

+class YoutubeDLCookieJar(compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
+    def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
+        # Store session cookies with `expires` set to 0 instead of an empty
+        # string
+        for cookie in self:
+            if cookie.expires is None:
+                cookie.expires = 0
+        compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar.save(self, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
+
+    def load(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
+        compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar.load(self, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
+        # Session cookies are denoted by either `expires` field set to
+        # an empty string or 0. MozillaCookieJar only recognizes the former
+        # (see [1]). So we need force the latter to be recognized as session
+        # cookies on our own.
+        # Session cookies may be important for cookies-based authentication,
+        # e.g. usually, when user does not check 'Remember me' check box while
+        # logging in on a site, some important cookies are stored as session
+        # cookies so that not recognizing them will result in failed login.
+        # 1. https://bugs.python.org/issue17164
+        for cookie in self:
+            # Treat `expires=0` cookies as session cookies
+            if cookie.expires == 0:
+                cookie.expires = None
+                cookie.discard = True
+
+

 class YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor):
     def __init__(self, cookiejar=None):
         compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor.__init__(self, cookiejar)
 class YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor):
     def __init__(self, cookiejar=None):
         compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor.__init__(self, cookiejar)


@@ -1133,7 +1264,7 @@ def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):
     if date_str is None:
         return None
 
     if date_str is None:
         return None
 

-    date_str = date_str.replace(',', ' ')
+    date_str = re.sub(r'[,|]', '', date_str)

 
     pm_delta = 12 if re.search(r'(?i)PM', date_str) else 0
     timezone, date_str = extract_timezone(date_str)
 
     pm_delta = 12 if re.search(r'(?i)PM', date_str) else 0
     timezone, date_str = extract_timezone(date_str)


@@ -1141,6 +1272,16 @@ def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):
     # Remove AM/PM + timezone
     date_str = re.sub(r'(?i)\s*(?:AM|PM)(?:\s+[A-Z]+)?', '', date_str)
 
     # Remove AM/PM + timezone
     date_str = re.sub(r'(?i)\s*(?:AM|PM)(?:\s+[A-Z]+)?', '', date_str)
 

+    # Remove unrecognized timezones from ISO 8601 alike timestamps
+    m = re.search(r'\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}(?:\.\d+)?(?P<tz>\s*[A-Z]+)$', date_str)
+    if m:
+        date_str = date_str[:-len(m.group('tz'))]
+
+    # Python only supports microseconds, so remove nanoseconds
+    m = re.search(r'^([0-9]{4,}-[0-9]{1,2}-[0-9]{1,2}T[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{1,2}\.[0-9]{6})[0-9]+$', date_str)
+    if m:
+        date_str = m.group(1)
+

     for expression in date_formats(day_first):
         try:
             dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression) - timezone + datetime.timedelta(hours=pm_delta)
     for expression in date_formats(day_first):
         try:
             dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression) - timezone + datetime.timedelta(hours=pm_delta)


@@ -1153,7 +1294,7 @@ def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):
 
 
 def determine_ext(url, default_ext='unknown_video'):
 
 
 def determine_ext(url, default_ext='unknown_video'):

-    if url is None:
+    if url is None or '.' not in url:

         return default_ext
     guess = url.partition('?')[0].rpartition('.')[2]
     if re.match(r'^[A-Za-z0-9]+$', guess):
         return default_ext
     guess = url.partition('?')[0].rpartition('.')[2]
     if re.match(r'^[A-Za-z0-9]+$', guess):


@@ -1178,7 +1319,7 @@ def date_from_str(date_str):
         return today
     if date_str == 'yesterday':
         return today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
         return today
     if date_str == 'yesterday':
         return today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

-    match = re.match('(now|today)(?P<sign>[+-])(?P<time>\d+)(?P<unit>day|week|month|year)(s)?', date_str)
+    match = re.match(r'(now|today)(?P<sign>[+-])(?P<time>\d+)(?P<unit>day|week|month|year)(s)?', date_str)

     if match is not None:
         sign = match.group('sign')
         time = int(match.group('time'))
     if match is not None:
         sign = match.group('sign')
         time = int(match.group('time'))


@@ -1273,24 +1414,24 @@ def _windows_write_string(s, out):
     if fileno not in WIN_OUTPUT_IDS:
         return False
 
     if fileno not in WIN_OUTPUT_IDS:
         return False
 

-    GetStdHandle = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
+    GetStdHandle = compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE(

         ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)(
         ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)(

-        (b'GetStdHandle', ctypes.windll.kernel32))
+        ('GetStdHandle', ctypes.windll.kernel32))

     h = GetStdHandle(WIN_OUTPUT_IDS[fileno])
 
     h = GetStdHandle(WIN_OUTPUT_IDS[fileno])
 

-    WriteConsoleW = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
+    WriteConsoleW = compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE(

         ctypes.wintypes.BOOL, ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR,
         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
         ctypes.wintypes.BOOL, ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR,
         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),

-        ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID)((b'WriteConsoleW', ctypes.windll.kernel32))
+        ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID)(('WriteConsoleW', ctypes.windll.kernel32))

     written = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD(0)
 
     written = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD(0)
 

-    GetFileType = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)((b'GetFileType', ctypes.windll.kernel32))
+    GetFileType = compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)(('GetFileType', ctypes.windll.kernel32))

     FILE_TYPE_CHAR = 0x0002
     FILE_TYPE_REMOTE = 0x8000
     FILE_TYPE_CHAR = 0x0002
     FILE_TYPE_REMOTE = 0x8000

-    GetConsoleMode = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
+    GetConsoleMode = compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE(

         ctypes.wintypes.BOOL, ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE,
         ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD))(
         ctypes.wintypes.BOOL, ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE,
         ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD))(

-        (b'GetConsoleMode', ctypes.windll.kernel32))
+        ('GetConsoleMode', ctypes.windll.kernel32))

     INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD(-1).value
 
     def not_a_console(handle):
     INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD(-1).value
 
     def not_a_console(handle):


@@ -1479,7 +1620,7 @@ def shell_quote(args):
         if isinstance(a, bytes):
             # We may get a filename encoded with 'encodeFilename'
             a = a.decode(encoding)
         if isinstance(a, bytes):
             # We may get a filename encoded with 'encodeFilename'
             a = a.decode(encoding)

-        quoted_args.append(pipes.quote(a))
+        quoted_args.append(compat_shlex_quote(a))

     return ' '.join(quoted_args)
 
 
     return ' '.join(quoted_args)
 
 


@@ -1619,6 +1760,28 @@ def parse_count(s):
     return lookup_unit_table(_UNIT_TABLE, s)
 
 
     return lookup_unit_table(_UNIT_TABLE, s)
 
 

+def parse_resolution(s):
+    if s is None:
+        return {}
+
+    mobj = re.search(r'\b(?P<w>\d+)\s*[xX×]\s*(?P<h>\d+)\b', s)
+    if mobj:
+        return {
+            'width': int(mobj.group('w')),
+            'height': int(mobj.group('h')),
+        }
+
+    mobj = re.search(r'\b(\d+)[pPiI]\b', s)
+    if mobj:
+        return {'height': int(mobj.group(1))}
+
+    mobj = re.search(r'\b([48])[kK]\b', s)
+    if mobj:
+        return {'height': int(mobj.group(1)) * 540}
+
+    return {}
+
+

 def month_by_name(name, lang='en'):
     """ Return the number of a month by (locale-independently) English name """
 
 def month_by_name(name, lang='en'):
     """ Return the number of a month by (locale-independently) English name """
 


@@ -1660,6 +1823,11 @@ def setproctitle(title):
         libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.so.6')
     except OSError:
         return
         libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.so.6')
     except OSError:
         return

+    except TypeError:
+        # LoadLibrary in Windows Python 2.7.13 only expects
+        # a bytestring, but since unicode_literals turns
+        # every string into a unicode string, it fails.
+        return

     title_bytes = title.encode('utf-8')
     buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(len(title_bytes))
     buf.value = title_bytes
     title_bytes = title.encode('utf-8')
     buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(len(title_bytes))
     buf.value = title_bytes


@@ -1695,6 +1863,21 @@ def base_url(url):
     return re.match(r'https?://[^?#&]+/', url).group()
 
 
     return re.match(r'https?://[^?#&]+/', url).group()
 
 

+def urljoin(base, path):
+    if isinstance(path, bytes):
+        path = path.decode('utf-8')
+    if not isinstance(path, compat_str) or not path:
+        return None
+    if re.match(r'^(?:https?:)?//', path):
+        return path
+    if isinstance(base, bytes):
+        base = base.decode('utf-8')
+    if not isinstance(base, compat_str) or not re.match(
+            r'^(?:https?:)?//', base):
+        return None
+    return compat_urlparse.urljoin(base, path)
+
+

 class HEADRequest(compat_urllib_request.Request):
     def get_method(self):
         return 'HEAD'
 class HEADRequest(compat_urllib_request.Request):
     def get_method(self):
         return 'HEAD'


@@ -1740,10 +1923,21 @@ def float_or_none(v, scale=1, invscale=1, default=None):
         return default
 
 
         return default
 
 

+def bool_or_none(v, default=None):
+    return v if isinstance(v, bool) else default
+
+

 def strip_or_none(v):
     return None if v is None else v.strip()
 
 
 def strip_or_none(v):
     return None if v is None else v.strip()
 
 

+def url_or_none(url):
+    if not url or not isinstance(url, compat_str):
+        return None
+    url = url.strip()
+    return url if re.match(r'^(?:[a-zA-Z][\da-zA-Z.+-]*:)?//', url) else None
+
+

 def parse_duration(s):
     if not isinstance(s, compat_basestring):
         return None
 def parse_duration(s):
     if not isinstance(s, compat_basestring):
         return None


@@ -1751,15 +1945,25 @@ def parse_duration(s):
     s = s.strip()
 
     days, hours, mins, secs, ms = [None] * 5
     s = s.strip()
 
     days, hours, mins, secs, ms = [None] * 5

-    m = re.match(r'(?:(?:(?:(?P<days>[0-9]+):)?(?P<hours>[0-9]+):)?(?P<mins>[0-9]+):)?(?P<secs>[0-9]+)(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?$', s)
+    m = re.match(r'(?:(?:(?:(?P<days>[0-9]+):)?(?P<hours>[0-9]+):)?(?P<mins>[0-9]+):)?(?P<secs>[0-9]+)(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?Z?$', s)

     if m:
         days, hours, mins, secs, ms = m.groups()
     else:
         m = re.match(
     if m:
         days, hours, mins, secs, ms = m.groups()
     else:
         m = re.match(

-            r'''(?ix)(?:P?T)?
+            r'''(?ix)(?:P?
+                (?:
+                    [0-9]+\s*y(?:ears?)?\s*
+                )?
+                (?:
+                    [0-9]+\s*m(?:onths?)?\s*
+                )?
+                (?:
+                    [0-9]+\s*w(?:eeks?)?\s*
+                )?

                 (?:
                     (?P<days>[0-9]+)\s*d(?:ays?)?\s*
                 )?
                 (?:
                     (?P<days>[0-9]+)\s*d(?:ays?)?\s*
                 )?

+                T)?

                 (?:
                     (?P<hours>[0-9]+)\s*h(?:ours?)?\s*
                 )?
                 (?:
                     (?P<hours>[0-9]+)\s*h(?:ours?)?\s*
                 )?


@@ -1768,11 +1972,11 @@ def parse_duration(s):
                 )?
                 (?:
                     (?P<secs>[0-9]+)(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?\s*s(?:ec(?:ond)?s?)?\s*
                 )?
                 (?:
                     (?P<secs>[0-9]+)(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?\s*s(?:ec(?:ond)?s?)?\s*

-                )?$''', s)
+                )?Z?$''', s)

         if m:
             days, hours, mins, secs, ms = m.groups()
         else:
         if m:
             days, hours, mins, secs, ms = m.groups()
         else:

-            m = re.match(r'(?i)(?:(?P<hours>[0-9.]+)\s*(?:hours?)|(?P<mins>[0-9.]+)\s*(?:mins?\.?|minutes?)\s*)$', s)
+            m = re.match(r'(?i)(?:(?P<hours>[0-9.]+)\s*(?:hours?)|(?P<mins>[0-9.]+)\s*(?:mins?\.?|minutes?)\s*)Z?$', s)

             if m:
                 hours, mins = m.groups()
             else:
             if m:
                 hours, mins = m.groups()
             else:


@@ -1854,7 +2058,7 @@ class PagedList(object):
 
 
 class OnDemandPagedList(PagedList):
 
 
 class OnDemandPagedList(PagedList):

-    def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize, use_cache=False):
+    def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize, use_cache=True):

         self._pagefunc = pagefunc
         self._pagesize = pagesize
         self._use_cache = use_cache
         self._pagefunc = pagefunc
         self._pagesize = pagesize
         self._use_cache = use_cache


@@ -2019,6 +2223,58 @@ def update_Request(req, url=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
     return new_req
 
 
     return new_req
 
 

+def _multipart_encode_impl(data, boundary):
+    content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % boundary
+
+    out = b''
+    for k, v in data.items():
+        out += b'--' + boundary.encode('ascii') + b'\r\n'
+        if isinstance(k, compat_str):
+            k = k.encode('utf-8')
+        if isinstance(v, compat_str):
+            v = v.encode('utf-8')
+        # RFC 2047 requires non-ASCII field names to be encoded, while RFC 7578
+        # suggests sending UTF-8 directly. Firefox sends UTF-8, too
+        content = b'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="' + k + b'"\r\n\r\n' + v + b'\r\n'
+        if boundary.encode('ascii') in content:
+            raise ValueError('Boundary overlaps with data')
+        out += content
+
+    out += b'--' + boundary.encode('ascii') + b'--\r\n'
+
+    return out, content_type
+
+
+def multipart_encode(data, boundary=None):
+    '''
+    Encode a dict to RFC 7578-compliant form-data
+
+    data:
+        A dict where keys and values can be either Unicode or bytes-like
+        objects.
+    boundary:
+        If specified a Unicode object, it's used as the boundary. Otherwise
+        a random boundary is generated.
+
+    Reference: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7578
+    '''
+    has_specified_boundary = boundary is not None
+
+    while True:
+        if boundary is None:
+            boundary = '---------------' + str(random.randrange(0x0fffffff, 0xffffffff))
+
+        try:
+            out, content_type = _multipart_encode_impl(data, boundary)
+            break
+        except ValueError:
+            if has_specified_boundary:
+                raise
+            boundary = None
+
+    return out, content_type
+
+

 def dict_get(d, key_or_keys, default=None, skip_false_values=True):
     if isinstance(key_or_keys, (list, tuple)):
         for key in key_or_keys:
 def dict_get(d, key_or_keys, default=None, skip_false_values=True):
     if isinstance(key_or_keys, (list, tuple)):
         for key in key_or_keys:


@@ -2030,13 +2286,30 @@ def dict_get(d, key_or_keys, default=None, skip_false_values=True):
 
 
 def try_get(src, getter, expected_type=None):
 
 
 def try_get(src, getter, expected_type=None):

-    try:
-        v = getter(src)
-    except (AttributeError, KeyError, TypeError, IndexError):
-        pass
-    else:
-        if expected_type is None or isinstance(v, expected_type):
-            return v
+    if not isinstance(getter, (list, tuple)):
+        getter = [getter]
+    for get in getter:
+        try:
+            v = get(src)
+        except (AttributeError, KeyError, TypeError, IndexError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            if expected_type is None or isinstance(v, expected_type):
+                return v
+
+
+def merge_dicts(*dicts):
+    merged = {}
+    for a_dict in dicts:
+        for k, v in a_dict.items():
+            if v is None:
+                continue
+            if (k not in merged or
+                    (isinstance(v, compat_str) and v and
+                        isinstance(merged[k], compat_str) and
+                        not merged[k])):
+                merged[k] = v
+    return merged

 
 
 def encode_compat_str(string, encoding=preferredencoding(), errors='strict'):
 
 
 def encode_compat_str(string, encoding=preferredencoding(), errors='strict'):


@@ -2072,20 +2345,35 @@ def parse_age_limit(s):
         return int(m.group('age'))
     if s in US_RATINGS:
         return US_RATINGS[s]
         return int(m.group('age'))
     if s in US_RATINGS:
         return US_RATINGS[s]

-    return TV_PARENTAL_GUIDELINES.get(s)
+    m = re.match(r'^TV[_-]?(%s)$' % '|'.join(k[3:] for k in TV_PARENTAL_GUIDELINES), s)
+    if m:
+        return TV_PARENTAL_GUIDELINES['TV-' + m.group(1)]
+    return None

 
 
 def strip_jsonp(code):
     return re.sub(
 
 
 def strip_jsonp(code):
     return re.sub(

-        r'(?s)^[a-zA-Z0-9_.$]+\s*\(\s*(.*)\);?\s*?(?://[^\n]*)*$', r'\1', code)
+        r'''(?sx)^
+            (?:window\.)?(?P<func_name>[a-zA-Z0-9_.$]*)
+            (?:\s*&&\s*(?P=func_name))?
+            \s*\(\s*(?P<callback_data>.*)\);?
+            \s*?(?://[^\n]*)*$''',
+        r'\g<callback_data>', code)

 
 
 def js_to_json(code):
 
 
 def js_to_json(code):

+    COMMENT_RE = r'/\*(?:(?!\*/).)*?\*/|//[^\n]*'
+    SKIP_RE = r'\s*(?:{comment})?\s*'.format(comment=COMMENT_RE)
+    INTEGER_TABLE = (
+        (r'(?s)^(0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+){skip}:?$'.format(skip=SKIP_RE), 16),
+        (r'(?s)^(0+[0-7]+){skip}:?$'.format(skip=SKIP_RE), 8),
+    )
+

     def fix_kv(m):
         v = m.group(0)
         if v in ('true', 'false', 'null'):
             return v
     def fix_kv(m):
         v = m.group(0)
         if v in ('true', 'false', 'null'):
             return v

-        elif v.startswith('/*') or v == ',':
+        elif v.startswith('/*') or v.startswith('//') or v == ',':

             return ""
 
         if v[0] in ("'", '"'):
             return ""
 
         if v[0] in ("'", '"'):


@@ -2096,11 +2384,6 @@ def js_to_json(code):
                 '\\x': '\\u00',
             }.get(m.group(0), m.group(0)), v[1:-1])
 
                 '\\x': '\\u00',
             }.get(m.group(0), m.group(0)), v[1:-1])
 

-        INTEGER_TABLE = (
-            (r'^(0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+)\s*:?$', 16),
-            (r'^(0+[0-7]+)\s*:?$', 8),
-        )
-

         for regex, base in INTEGER_TABLE:
             im = re.match(regex, v)
             if im:
         for regex, base in INTEGER_TABLE:
             im = re.match(regex, v)
             if im:


@@ -2112,11 +2395,11 @@ def js_to_json(code):
     return re.sub(r'''(?sx)
         "(?:[^"\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^"\\]*"|
         '(?:[^'\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^'\\]*'|
     return re.sub(r'''(?sx)
         "(?:[^"\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^"\\]*"|
         '(?:[^'\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^'\\]*'|

-        /\*.*?\*/|,(?=\s*[\]}])|
-        [a-zA-Z_][.a-zA-Z_0-9]*|
-        \b(?:0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|0+[0-7]+)(?:\s*:)?|
-        [0-9]+(?=\s*:)
-        ''', fix_kv, code)
+        {comment}|,(?={skip}[\]}}])|
+        (?:(?<![0-9])[eE]|[a-df-zA-DF-Z_])[.a-zA-Z_0-9]*|
+        \b(?:0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|0+[0-7]+)(?:{skip}:)?|
+        [0-9]+(?={skip}:)
+        '''.format(comment=COMMENT_RE, skip=SKIP_RE), fix_kv, code)

 
 
 def qualities(quality_ids):
 
 
 def qualities(quality_ids):


@@ -2195,22 +2478,21 @@ def mimetype2ext(mt):
     return {
         '3gpp': '3gp',
         'smptett+xml': 'tt',
     return {
         '3gpp': '3gp',
         'smptett+xml': 'tt',

-        'srt': 'srt',

         'ttaf+xml': 'dfxp',
         'ttml+xml': 'ttml',
         'ttaf+xml': 'dfxp',
         'ttml+xml': 'ttml',

-        'vtt': 'vtt',

         'x-flv': 'flv',
         'x-mp4-fragmented': 'mp4',
         'x-flv': 'flv',
         'x-mp4-fragmented': 'mp4',

+        'x-ms-sami': 'sami',

         'x-ms-wmv': 'wmv',
         'mpegurl': 'm3u8',
         'x-mpegurl': 'm3u8',
         'vnd.apple.mpegurl': 'm3u8',
         'dash+xml': 'mpd',
         'x-ms-wmv': 'wmv',
         'mpegurl': 'm3u8',
         'x-mpegurl': 'm3u8',
         'vnd.apple.mpegurl': 'm3u8',
         'dash+xml': 'mpd',

-        'f4m': 'f4m',

         'f4m+xml': 'f4m',
         'hds+xml': 'f4m',
         'vnd.ms-sstr+xml': 'ism',
         'quicktime': 'mov',
         'f4m+xml': 'f4m',
         'hds+xml': 'f4m',
         'vnd.ms-sstr+xml': 'ism',
         'quicktime': 'mov',

+        'mp2t': 'ts',

     }.get(res, res)
 
 
     }.get(res, res)
 
 


@@ -2223,14 +2505,14 @@ def parse_codecs(codecs_str):
     vcodec, acodec = None, None
     for full_codec in splited_codecs:
         codec = full_codec.split('.')[0]
     vcodec, acodec = None, None
     for full_codec in splited_codecs:
         codec = full_codec.split('.')[0]

-        if codec in ('avc1', 'avc2', 'avc3', 'avc4', 'vp9', 'vp8', 'hev1', 'hev2', 'h263', 'h264', 'mp4v'):
+        if codec in ('avc1', 'avc2', 'avc3', 'avc4', 'vp9', 'vp8', 'hev1', 'hev2', 'h263', 'h264', 'mp4v', 'hvc1', 'av01'):

             if not vcodec:
                 vcodec = full_codec
             if not vcodec:
                 vcodec = full_codec

-        elif codec in ('mp4a', 'opus', 'vorbis', 'mp3', 'aac', 'ac-3'):
+        elif codec in ('mp4a', 'opus', 'vorbis', 'mp3', 'aac', 'ac-3', 'ec-3', 'eac3', 'dtsc', 'dtse', 'dtsh', 'dtsl'):

             if not acodec:
                 acodec = full_codec
         else:
             if not acodec:
                 acodec = full_codec
         else:

-            write_string('WARNING: Unknown codec %s' % full_codec, sys.stderr)
+            write_string('WARNING: Unknown codec %s\n' % full_codec, sys.stderr)

     if not vcodec and not acodec:
         if len(splited_codecs) == 2:
             return {
     if not vcodec and not acodec:
         if len(splited_codecs) == 2:
             return {


@@ -2342,6 +2624,7 @@ def _match_one(filter_part, dct):
         \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
         (?:
             (?P<intval>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)|
         \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
         (?:
             (?P<intval>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)|

+            (?P<quote>["\'])(?P<quotedstrval>(?:\\.|(?!(?P=quote)|\\).)+?)(?P=quote)|

             (?P<strval>(?![0-9.])[a-z0-9A-Z]*)
         )
         \s*$
             (?P<strval>(?![0-9.])[a-z0-9A-Z]*)
         )
         \s*$


@@ -2350,7 +2633,8 @@ def _match_one(filter_part, dct):
     if m:
         op = COMPARISON_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
         actual_value = dct.get(m.group('key'))
     if m:
         op = COMPARISON_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
         actual_value = dct.get(m.group('key'))

-        if (m.group('strval') is not None or
+        if (m.group('quotedstrval') is not None or
+            m.group('strval') is not None or

             # If the original field is a string and matching comparisonvalue is
             # a number we should respect the origin of the original field
             # and process comparison value as a string (see
             # If the original field is a string and matching comparisonvalue is
             # a number we should respect the origin of the original field
             # and process comparison value as a string (see


@@ -2360,7 +2644,10 @@ def _match_one(filter_part, dct):
             if m.group('op') not in ('=', '!='):
                 raise ValueError(
                     'Operator %s does not support string values!' % m.group('op'))
             if m.group('op') not in ('=', '!='):
                 raise ValueError(
                     'Operator %s does not support string values!' % m.group('op'))

-            comparison_value = m.group('strval') or m.group('intval')
+            comparison_value = m.group('quotedstrval') or m.group('strval') or m.group('intval')
+            quote = m.group('quote')
+            if quote is not None:
+                comparison_value = comparison_value.replace(r'\%s' % quote, quote)

         else:
             try:
                 comparison_value = int(m.group('intval'))
         else:
             try:
                 comparison_value = int(m.group('intval'))


@@ -2377,8 +2664,8 @@ def _match_one(filter_part, dct):
         return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
 
     UNARY_OPERATORS = {
         return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
 
     UNARY_OPERATORS = {

-        '': lambda v: v is not None,
-        '!': lambda v: v is None,
+        '': lambda v: (v is True) if isinstance(v, bool) else (v is not None),
+        '!': lambda v: (v is False) if isinstance(v, bool) else (v is None),

     }
     operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
         (?P<op>%s)\s*(?P<key>[a-z_]+)
     }
     operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
         (?P<op>%s)\s*(?P<key>[a-z_]+)


@@ -2428,27 +2715,102 @@ def srt_subtitles_timecode(seconds):
 
 
 def dfxp2srt(dfxp_data):
 
 
 def dfxp2srt(dfxp_data):

+    '''
+    @param dfxp_data A bytes-like object containing DFXP data
+    @returns A unicode object containing converted SRT data
+    '''
+    LEGACY_NAMESPACES = (
+        (b'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml', [
+            b'http://www.w3.org/2004/11/ttaf1',
+            b'http://www.w3.org/2006/04/ttaf1',
+            b'http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1',
+        ]),
+        (b'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling', [
+            b'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#style',
+        ]),
+    )
+
+    SUPPORTED_STYLING = [
+        'color',
+        'fontFamily',
+        'fontSize',
+        'fontStyle',
+        'fontWeight',
+        'textDecoration'
+    ]
+

     _x = functools.partial(xpath_with_ns, ns_map={
     _x = functools.partial(xpath_with_ns, ns_map={

+        'xml': 'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace',

         'ttml': 'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml',
         'ttml': 'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml',

-        'ttaf1': 'http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1',
-        'ttaf1_0604': 'http://www.w3.org/2006/04/ttaf1',
+        'tts': 'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling',

     })
 
     })
 

+    styles = {}
+    default_style = {}
+

     class TTMLPElementParser(object):
     class TTMLPElementParser(object):

-        out = ''
+        _out = ''
+        _unclosed_elements = []
+        _applied_styles = []

 
         def start(self, tag, attrib):
 
         def start(self, tag, attrib):

-            if tag in (_x('ttml:br'), _x('ttaf1:br'), 'br'):
-                self.out += '\n'
+            if tag in (_x('ttml:br'), 'br'):
+                self._out += '\n'
+            else:
+                unclosed_elements = []
+                style = {}
+                element_style_id = attrib.get('style')
+                if default_style:
+                    style.update(default_style)
+                if element_style_id:
+                    style.update(styles.get(element_style_id, {}))
+                for prop in SUPPORTED_STYLING:
+                    prop_val = attrib.get(_x('tts:' + prop))
+                    if prop_val:
+                        style[prop] = prop_val
+                if style:
+                    font = ''
+                    for k, v in sorted(style.items()):
+                        if self._applied_styles and self._applied_styles[-1].get(k) == v:
+                            continue
+                        if k == 'color':
+                            font += ' color="%s"' % v
+                        elif k == 'fontSize':
+                            font += ' size="%s"' % v
+                        elif k == 'fontFamily':
+                            font += ' face="%s"' % v
+                        elif k == 'fontWeight' and v == 'bold':
+                            self._out += '<b>'
+                            unclosed_elements.append('b')
+                        elif k == 'fontStyle' and v == 'italic':
+                            self._out += '<i>'
+                            unclosed_elements.append('i')
+                        elif k == 'textDecoration' and v == 'underline':
+                            self._out += '<u>'
+                            unclosed_elements.append('u')
+                    if font:
+                        self._out += '<font' + font + '>'
+                        unclosed_elements.append('font')
+                    applied_style = {}
+                    if self._applied_styles:
+                        applied_style.update(self._applied_styles[-1])
+                    applied_style.update(style)
+                    self._applied_styles.append(applied_style)
+                self._unclosed_elements.append(unclosed_elements)

 
         def end(self, tag):
 
         def end(self, tag):

-            pass
+            if tag not in (_x('ttml:br'), 'br'):
+                unclosed_elements = self._unclosed_elements.pop()
+                for element in reversed(unclosed_elements):
+                    self._out += '</%s>' % element
+                if unclosed_elements and self._applied_styles:
+                    self._applied_styles.pop()

 
         def data(self, data):
 
         def data(self, data):

-            self.out += data
+            self._out += data

 
         def close(self):
 
         def close(self):

-            return self.out.strip()
+            return self._out.strip()

 
     def parse_node(node):
         target = TTMLPElementParser()
 
     def parse_node(node):
         target = TTMLPElementParser()


@@ -2456,13 +2818,47 @@ def dfxp2srt(dfxp_data):
         parser.feed(xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring(node))
         return parser.close()
 
         parser.feed(xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring(node))
         return parser.close()
 

-    dfxp = compat_etree_fromstring(dfxp_data.encode('utf-8'))
+    for k, v in LEGACY_NAMESPACES:
+        for ns in v:
+            dfxp_data = dfxp_data.replace(ns, k)
+
+    dfxp = compat_etree_fromstring(dfxp_data)

     out = []
     out = []

-    paras = dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttml:p')) or dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttaf1:p')) or dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttaf1_0604:p')) or dfxp.findall('.//p')
+    paras = dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttml:p')) or dfxp.findall('.//p')

 
     if not paras:
         raise ValueError('Invalid dfxp/TTML subtitle')
 
 
     if not paras:
         raise ValueError('Invalid dfxp/TTML subtitle')
 

+    repeat = False
+    while True:
+        for style in dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttml:style')):
+            style_id = style.get('id') or style.get(_x('xml:id'))
+            if not style_id:
+                continue
+            parent_style_id = style.get('style')
+            if parent_style_id:
+                if parent_style_id not in styles:
+                    repeat = True
+                    continue
+                styles[style_id] = styles[parent_style_id].copy()
+            for prop in SUPPORTED_STYLING:
+                prop_val = style.get(_x('tts:' + prop))
+                if prop_val:
+                    styles.setdefault(style_id, {})[prop] = prop_val
+        if repeat:
+            repeat = False
+        else:
+            break
+
+    for p in ('body', 'div'):
+        ele = xpath_element(dfxp, [_x('.//ttml:' + p), './/' + p])
+        if ele is None:
+            continue
+        style = styles.get(ele.get('style'))
+        if not style:
+            continue
+        default_style.update(style)
+

     for para, index in zip(paras, itertools.count(1)):
         begin_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('begin'))
         end_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('end'))
     for para, index in zip(paras, itertools.count(1)):
         begin_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('begin'))
         end_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('end'))


@@ -2491,6 +2887,8 @@ def cli_option(params, command_option, param):
 
 def cli_bool_option(params, command_option, param, true_value='true', false_value='false', separator=None):
     param = params.get(param)
 
 def cli_bool_option(params, command_option, param, true_value='true', false_value='false', separator=None):
     param = params.get(param)

+    if param is None:
+        return []

     assert isinstance(param, bool)
     if separator:
         return [command_option + separator + (true_value if param else false_value)]
     assert isinstance(param, bool)
     if separator:
         return [command_option + separator + (true_value if param else false_value)]


@@ -2570,6 +2968,7 @@ class ISO639Utils(object):
         'gv': 'glv',
         'ha': 'hau',
         'he': 'heb',
         'gv': 'glv',
         'ha': 'hau',
         'he': 'heb',

+        'iw': 'heb',  # Replaced by he in 1989 revision

         'hi': 'hin',
         'ho': 'hmo',
         'hr': 'hrv',
         'hi': 'hin',
         'ho': 'hmo',
         'hr': 'hrv',


@@ -2579,6 +2978,7 @@ class ISO639Utils(object):
         'hz': 'her',
         'ia': 'ina',
         'id': 'ind',
         'hz': 'her',
         'ia': 'ina',
         'id': 'ind',

+        'in': 'ind',  # Replaced by id in 1989 revision

         'ie': 'ile',
         'ig': 'ibo',
         'ii': 'iii',
         'ie': 'ile',
         'ig': 'ibo',
         'ii': 'iii',


@@ -2693,6 +3093,7 @@ class ISO639Utils(object):
         'wo': 'wol',
         'xh': 'xho',
         'yi': 'yid',
         'wo': 'wol',
         'xh': 'xho',
         'yi': 'yid',

+        'ji': 'yid',  # Replaced by yi in 1989 revision

         'yo': 'yor',
         'za': 'zha',
         'zh': 'zho',
         'yo': 'yor',
         'za': 'zha',
         'zh': 'zho',


@@ -2972,6 +3373,263 @@ class ISO3166Utils(object):
         return cls._country_map.get(code.upper())
 
 
         return cls._country_map.get(code.upper())
 
 

+class GeoUtils(object):
+    # Major IPv4 address blocks per country
+    _country_ip_map = {
+        'AD': '85.94.160.0/19',
+        'AE': '94.200.0.0/13',
+        'AF': '149.54.0.0/17',
+        'AG': '209.59.64.0/18',
+        'AI': '204.14.248.0/21',
+        'AL': '46.99.0.0/16',
+        'AM': '46.70.0.0/15',
+        'AO': '105.168.0.0/13',
+        'AP': '159.117.192.0/21',
+        'AR': '181.0.0.0/12',
+        'AS': '202.70.112.0/20',
+        'AT': '84.112.0.0/13',
+        'AU': '1.128.0.0/11',
+        'AW': '181.41.0.0/18',
+        'AZ': '5.191.0.0/16',
+        'BA': '31.176.128.0/17',
+        'BB': '65.48.128.0/17',
+        'BD': '114.130.0.0/16',
+        'BE': '57.0.0.0/8',
+        'BF': '129.45.128.0/17',
+        'BG': '95.42.0.0/15',
+        'BH': '37.131.0.0/17',
+        'BI': '154.117.192.0/18',
+        'BJ': '137.255.0.0/16',
+        'BL': '192.131.134.0/24',
+        'BM': '196.12.64.0/18',
+        'BN': '156.31.0.0/16',
+        'BO': '161.56.0.0/16',
+        'BQ': '161.0.80.0/20',
+        'BR': '152.240.0.0/12',
+        'BS': '24.51.64.0/18',
+        'BT': '119.2.96.0/19',
+        'BW': '168.167.0.0/16',
+        'BY': '178.120.0.0/13',
+        'BZ': '179.42.192.0/18',
+        'CA': '99.224.0.0/11',
+        'CD': '41.243.0.0/16',
+        'CF': '196.32.200.0/21',
+        'CG': '197.214.128.0/17',
+        'CH': '85.0.0.0/13',
+        'CI': '154.232.0.0/14',
+        'CK': '202.65.32.0/19',
+        'CL': '152.172.0.0/14',
+        'CM': '165.210.0.0/15',
+        'CN': '36.128.0.0/10',
+        'CO': '181.240.0.0/12',
+        'CR': '201.192.0.0/12',
+        'CU': '152.206.0.0/15',
+        'CV': '165.90.96.0/19',
+        'CW': '190.88.128.0/17',
+        'CY': '46.198.0.0/15',
+        'CZ': '88.100.0.0/14',
+        'DE': '53.0.0.0/8',
+        'DJ': '197.241.0.0/17',
+        'DK': '87.48.0.0/12',
+        'DM': '192.243.48.0/20',
+        'DO': '152.166.0.0/15',
+        'DZ': '41.96.0.0/12',
+        'EC': '186.68.0.0/15',
+        'EE': '90.190.0.0/15',
+        'EG': '156.160.0.0/11',
+        'ER': '196.200.96.0/20',
+        'ES': '88.0.0.0/11',
+        'ET': '196.188.0.0/14',
+        'EU': '2.16.0.0/13',
+        'FI': '91.152.0.0/13',
+        'FJ': '144.120.0.0/16',
+        'FM': '119.252.112.0/20',
+        'FO': '88.85.32.0/19',
+        'FR': '90.0.0.0/9',
+        'GA': '41.158.0.0/15',
+        'GB': '25.0.0.0/8',
+        'GD': '74.122.88.0/21',
+        'GE': '31.146.0.0/16',
+        'GF': '161.22.64.0/18',
+        'GG': '62.68.160.0/19',
+        'GH': '45.208.0.0/14',
+        'GI': '85.115.128.0/19',
+        'GL': '88.83.0.0/19',
+        'GM': '160.182.0.0/15',
+        'GN': '197.149.192.0/18',
+        'GP': '104.250.0.0/19',
+        'GQ': '105.235.224.0/20',
+        'GR': '94.64.0.0/13',
+        'GT': '168.234.0.0/16',
+        'GU': '168.123.0.0/16',
+        'GW': '197.214.80.0/20',
+        'GY': '181.41.64.0/18',
+        'HK': '113.252.0.0/14',
+        'HN': '181.210.0.0/16',
+        'HR': '93.136.0.0/13',
+        'HT': '148.102.128.0/17',
+        'HU': '84.0.0.0/14',
+        'ID': '39.192.0.0/10',
+        'IE': '87.32.0.0/12',
+        'IL': '79.176.0.0/13',
+        'IM': '5.62.80.0/20',
+        'IN': '117.192.0.0/10',
+        'IO': '203.83.48.0/21',
+        'IQ': '37.236.0.0/14',
+        'IR': '2.176.0.0/12',
+        'IS': '82.221.0.0/16',
+        'IT': '79.0.0.0/10',
+        'JE': '87.244.64.0/18',
+        'JM': '72.27.0.0/17',
+        'JO': '176.29.0.0/16',
+        'JP': '126.0.0.0/8',
+        'KE': '105.48.0.0/12',
+        'KG': '158.181.128.0/17',
+        'KH': '36.37.128.0/17',
+        'KI': '103.25.140.0/22',
+        'KM': '197.255.224.0/20',
+        'KN': '198.32.32.0/19',
+        'KP': '175.45.176.0/22',
+        'KR': '175.192.0.0/10',
+        'KW': '37.36.0.0/14',
+        'KY': '64.96.0.0/15',
+        'KZ': '2.72.0.0/13',
+        'LA': '115.84.64.0/18',
+        'LB': '178.135.0.0/16',
+        'LC': '192.147.231.0/24',
+        'LI': '82.117.0.0/19',
+        'LK': '112.134.0.0/15',
+        'LR': '41.86.0.0/19',
+        'LS': '129.232.0.0/17',
+        'LT': '78.56.0.0/13',
+        'LU': '188.42.0.0/16',
+        'LV': '46.109.0.0/16',
+        'LY': '41.252.0.0/14',
+        'MA': '105.128.0.0/11',
+        'MC': '88.209.64.0/18',
+        'MD': '37.246.0.0/16',
+        'ME': '178.175.0.0/17',
+        'MF': '74.112.232.0/21',
+        'MG': '154.126.0.0/17',
+        'MH': '117.103.88.0/21',
+        'MK': '77.28.0.0/15',
+        'ML': '154.118.128.0/18',
+        'MM': '37.111.0.0/17',
+        'MN': '49.0.128.0/17',
+        'MO': '60.246.0.0/16',
+        'MP': '202.88.64.0/20',
+        'MQ': '109.203.224.0/19',
+        'MR': '41.188.64.0/18',
+        'MS': '208.90.112.0/22',
+        'MT': '46.11.0.0/16',
+        'MU': '105.16.0.0/12',
+        'MV': '27.114.128.0/18',
+        'MW': '105.234.0.0/16',
+        'MX': '187.192.0.0/11',
+        'MY': '175.136.0.0/13',
+        'MZ': '197.218.0.0/15',
+        'NA': '41.182.0.0/16',
+        'NC': '101.101.0.0/18',
+        'NE': '197.214.0.0/18',
+        'NF': '203.17.240.0/22',
+        'NG': '105.112.0.0/12',
+        'NI': '186.76.0.0/15',
+        'NL': '145.96.0.0/11',
+        'NO': '84.208.0.0/13',
+        'NP': '36.252.0.0/15',
+        'NR': '203.98.224.0/19',
+        'NU': '49.156.48.0/22',
+        'NZ': '49.224.0.0/14',
+        'OM': '5.36.0.0/15',
+        'PA': '186.72.0.0/15',
+        'PE': '186.160.0.0/14',
+        'PF': '123.50.64.0/18',
+        'PG': '124.240.192.0/19',
+        'PH': '49.144.0.0/13',
+        'PK': '39.32.0.0/11',
+        'PL': '83.0.0.0/11',
+        'PM': '70.36.0.0/20',
+        'PR': '66.50.0.0/16',
+        'PS': '188.161.0.0/16',
+        'PT': '85.240.0.0/13',
+        'PW': '202.124.224.0/20',
+        'PY': '181.120.0.0/14',
+        'QA': '37.210.0.0/15',
+        'RE': '139.26.0.0/16',
+        'RO': '79.112.0.0/13',
+        'RS': '178.220.0.0/14',
+        'RU': '5.136.0.0/13',
+        'RW': '105.178.0.0/15',
+        'SA': '188.48.0.0/13',
+        'SB': '202.1.160.0/19',
+        'SC': '154.192.0.0/11',
+        'SD': '154.96.0.0/13',
+        'SE': '78.64.0.0/12',
+        'SG': '152.56.0.0/14',
+        'SI': '188.196.0.0/14',
+        'SK': '78.98.0.0/15',
+        'SL': '197.215.0.0/17',
+        'SM': '89.186.32.0/19',
+        'SN': '41.82.0.0/15',
+        'SO': '197.220.64.0/19',
+        'SR': '186.179.128.0/17',
+        'SS': '105.235.208.0/21',
+        'ST': '197.159.160.0/19',
+        'SV': '168.243.0.0/16',
+        'SX': '190.102.0.0/20',
+        'SY': '5.0.0.0/16',
+        'SZ': '41.84.224.0/19',
+        'TC': '65.255.48.0/20',
+        'TD': '154.68.128.0/19',
+        'TG': '196.168.0.0/14',
+        'TH': '171.96.0.0/13',
+        'TJ': '85.9.128.0/18',
+        'TK': '27.96.24.0/21',
+        'TL': '180.189.160.0/20',
+        'TM': '95.85.96.0/19',
+        'TN': '197.0.0.0/11',
+        'TO': '175.176.144.0/21',
+        'TR': '78.160.0.0/11',
+        'TT': '186.44.0.0/15',
+        'TV': '202.2.96.0/19',
+        'TW': '120.96.0.0/11',
+        'TZ': '156.156.0.0/14',
+        'UA': '93.72.0.0/13',
+        'UG': '154.224.0.0/13',
+        'US': '3.0.0.0/8',
+        'UY': '167.56.0.0/13',
+        'UZ': '82.215.64.0/18',
+        'VA': '212.77.0.0/19',
+        'VC': '24.92.144.0/20',
+        'VE': '186.88.0.0/13',
+        'VG': '172.103.64.0/18',
+        'VI': '146.226.0.0/16',
+        'VN': '14.160.0.0/11',
+        'VU': '202.80.32.0/20',
+        'WF': '117.20.32.0/21',
+        'WS': '202.4.32.0/19',
+        'YE': '134.35.0.0/16',
+        'YT': '41.242.116.0/22',
+        'ZA': '41.0.0.0/11',
+        'ZM': '165.56.0.0/13',
+        'ZW': '41.85.192.0/19',
+    }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def random_ipv4(cls, code_or_block):
+        if len(code_or_block) == 2:
+            block = cls._country_ip_map.get(code_or_block.upper())
+            if not block:
+                return None
+        else:
+            block = code_or_block
+        addr, preflen = block.split('/')
+        addr_min = compat_struct_unpack('!L', socket.inet_aton(addr))[0]
+        addr_max = addr_min | (0xffffffff >> int(preflen))
+        return compat_str(socket.inet_ntoa(
+            compat_struct_pack('!L', random.randint(addr_min, addr_max))))
+
+

 class PerRequestProxyHandler(compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler):
     def __init__(self, proxies=None):
         # Set default handlers
 class PerRequestProxyHandler(compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler):
     def __init__(self, proxies=None):
         # Set default handlers


@@ -2979,7 +3637,7 @@ class PerRequestProxyHandler(compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler):
             setattr(self, '%s_open' % type,
                     lambda r, proxy='__noproxy__', type=type, meth=self.proxy_open:
                         meth(r, proxy, type))
             setattr(self, '%s_open' % type,
                     lambda r, proxy='__noproxy__', type=type, meth=self.proxy_open:
                         meth(r, proxy, type))

-        return compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler.__init__(self, proxies)
+        compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler.__init__(self, proxies)

 
     def proxy_open(self, req, proxy, type):
         req_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-request-proxy')
 
     def proxy_open(self, req, proxy, type):
         req_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-request-proxy')


@@ -2997,6 +3655,57 @@ class PerRequestProxyHandler(compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler):
             self, req, proxy, type)
 
 
             self, req, proxy, type)
 
 

+# Both long_to_bytes and bytes_to_long are adapted from PyCrypto, which is
+# released into Public Domain
+# https://github.com/dlitz/pycrypto/blob/master/lib/Crypto/Util/number.py#L387
+
+def long_to_bytes(n, blocksize=0):
+    """long_to_bytes(n:long, blocksize:int) : string
+    Convert a long integer to a byte string.
+
+    If optional blocksize is given and greater than zero, pad the front of the
+    byte string with binary zeros so that the length is a multiple of
+    blocksize.
+    """
+    # after much testing, this algorithm was deemed to be the fastest
+    s = b''
+    n = int(n)
+    while n > 0:
+        s = compat_struct_pack('>I', n & 0xffffffff) + s
+        n = n >> 32
+    # strip off leading zeros
+    for i in range(len(s)):
+        if s[i] != b'\000'[0]:
+            break
+    else:
+        # only happens when n == 0
+        s = b'\000'
+        i = 0
+    s = s[i:]
+    # add back some pad bytes.  this could be done more efficiently w.r.t. the
+    # de-padding being done above, but sigh...
+    if blocksize > 0 and len(s) % blocksize:
+        s = (blocksize - len(s) % blocksize) * b'\000' + s
+    return s
+
+
+def bytes_to_long(s):
+    """bytes_to_long(string) : long
+    Convert a byte string to a long integer.
+
+    This is (essentially) the inverse of long_to_bytes().
+    """
+    acc = 0
+    length = len(s)
+    if length % 4:
+        extra = (4 - length % 4)
+        s = b'\000' * extra + s
+        length = length + extra
+    for i in range(0, length, 4):
+        acc = (acc << 32) + compat_struct_unpack('>I', s[i:i + 4])[0]
+    return acc
+
+

 def ohdave_rsa_encrypt(data, exponent, modulus):
     '''
     Implement OHDave's RSA algorithm. See http://www.ohdave.com/rsa/
 def ohdave_rsa_encrypt(data, exponent, modulus):
     '''
     Implement OHDave's RSA algorithm. See http://www.ohdave.com/rsa/


@@ -3014,6 +3723,21 @@ def ohdave_rsa_encrypt(data, exponent, modulus):
     return '%x' % encrypted
 
 
     return '%x' % encrypted
 
 

+def pkcs1pad(data, length):
+    """
+    Padding input data with PKCS#1 scheme
+
+    @param {int[]} data        input data
+    @param {int}   length      target length
+    @returns {int[]}           padded data
+    """
+    if len(data) > length - 11:
+        raise ValueError('Input data too long for PKCS#1 padding')
+
+    pseudo_random = [random.randint(0, 254) for _ in range(length - len(data) - 3)]
+    return [0, 2] + pseudo_random + [0] + data
+
+

 def encode_base_n(num, n, table=None):
     FULL_TABLE = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
     if not table:
 def encode_base_n(num, n, table=None):
     FULL_TABLE = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
     if not table:


@@ -3252,3 +3976,15 @@ def write_xattr(path, key, value):
                         "Couldn't find a tool to set the xattrs. "
                         "Install either the python 'xattr' module, "
                         "or the 'xattr' binary.")
                         "Couldn't find a tool to set the xattrs. "
                         "Install either the python 'xattr' module, "
                         "or the 'xattr' binary.")

+
+
+def random_birthday(year_field, month_field, day_field):
+    start_date = datetime.date(1950, 1, 1)
+    end_date = datetime.date(1995, 12, 31)
+    offset = random.randint(0, (end_date - start_date).days)
+    random_date = start_date + datetime.timedelta(offset)
+    return {
+        year_field: str(random_date.year),
+        month_field: str(random_date.month),
+        day_field: str(random_date.day),
+    }