]> Raphaƫl G. Git Repositories - youtubedl/blobdiff - youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py
Update changelog.
[youtubedl] / youtube_dl / extractor / youtube.py
index b191021db5a8069d1f7f3ffbc590063224eee4c4..a8103684301eef0711fdb1f28bd15dcb40c6430b 100644 (file)
@@ -1,50 +1,56 @@
 # coding: utf-8
 
+import collections
+import errno
+import io
+import itertools
 import json
-import netrc
+import os.path
 import re
-import socket
-import itertools
+import string
+import struct
+import traceback
+import zlib
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
+from .subtitles import SubtitlesInfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    compat_http_client,
+    compat_chr,
     compat_parse_qs,
-    compat_urllib_error,
     compat_urllib_parse,
     compat_urllib_request,
+    compat_urlparse,
     compat_str,
 
     clean_html,
+    get_cachedir,
     get_element_by_id,
+    get_element_by_attribute,
     ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    PagedList,
+    RegexNotFoundError,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
     orderedSet,
+    write_json_file,
+    uppercase_escape,
 )
 
 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
     _LANG_URL = r'https://www.youtube.com/?hl=en&persist_hl=1&gl=US&persist_gl=1&opt_out_ackd=1'
-    _AGE_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/verify_age?next_url=/&gl=US&hl=en'
+    _AGE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/verify_age?next_url=/&gl=US&hl=en'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
 
-    def report_lang(self):
-        """Report attempt to set language."""
-        self.to_screen(u'Setting language')
-
     def _set_language(self):
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LANG_URL)
-        try:
-            self.report_lang()
-            compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read()
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to set language: %s' % compat_str(err))
-            return False
-        return True
+        return bool(self._download_webpage(
+            self._LANG_URL, None,
+            note=u'Setting language', errnote='unable to set language',
+            fatal=False))
 
     def _login(self):
         (username, password) = self._get_login_info()
@@ -54,21 +60,15 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                 raise ExtractorError(u'No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
             return False
 
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL)
-        try:
-            login_page = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to fetch login page: %s' % compat_str(err))
-            return False
+        login_page = self._download_webpage(
+            self._LOGIN_URL, None,
+            note=u'Downloading login page',
+            errnote=u'unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
+        if login_page is False:
+            return
 
-        galx = None
-        dsh = None
-        match = re.search(re.compile(r'<input.+?name="GALX".+?value="(.+?)"', re.DOTALL), login_page)
-        if match:
-          galx = match.group(1)
-        match = re.search(re.compile(r'<input.+?name="dsh".+?value="(.+?)"', re.DOTALL), login_page)
-        if match:
-          dsh = match.group(1)
+        galx = self._search_regex(r'(?s)<input.+?name="GALX".+?value="(.+?)"',
+                                  login_page, u'Login GALX parameter')
 
         # Log in
         login_form_strs = {
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                 u'checkConnection': u'',
                 u'checkedDomains': u'youtube',
                 u'dnConn': u'',
-                u'dsh': dsh,
                 u'pstMsg': u'0',
                 u'rmShown': u'1',
                 u'secTok': u'',
@@ -96,29 +95,29 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
         # chokes on unicode
         login_form = dict((k.encode('utf-8'), v.encode('utf-8')) for k,v in login_form_strs.items())
         login_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(login_form).encode('ascii')
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL, login_data)
-        try:
-            self.report_login()
-            login_results = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-            if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', login_results) is not None:
-                self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to log in: bad username or password')
-                return False
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to log in: %s' % compat_str(err))
+
+        req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL, login_data)
+        login_results = self._download_webpage(
+            req, None,
+            note=u'Logging in', errnote=u'unable to log in', fatal=False)
+        if login_results is False:
+            return False
+        if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', login_results) is not None:
+            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to log in: bad username or password')
             return False
         return True
 
     def _confirm_age(self):
         age_form = {
-                'next_url':     '/',
-                'action_confirm':   'Confirm',
-                }
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._AGE_URL, compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(age_form))
-        try:
-            self.report_age_confirmation()
-            compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to confirm age: %s' % compat_str(err))
+            'next_url': '/',
+            'action_confirm': 'Confirm',
+        }
+        req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._AGE_URL,
+            compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(age_form).encode('ascii'))
+
+        self._download_webpage(
+            req, None,
+            note=u'Confirming age', errnote=u'Unable to confirm age')
         return True
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
@@ -130,98 +129,108 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
             return
         self._confirm_age()
 
-class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+
+class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, SubtitlesInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com'
-    _VALID_URL = r"""^
+    _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
                      (
-                         (?:https?://)?                                       # http(s):// (optional)
-                         (?:youtu\.be/|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
-                            tube\.majestyc\.net/)                             # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
+                         (?:https?://|//)?                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL (optional)
+                         (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
+                            (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
+                            (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
+                            tube\.majestyc\.net/|
+                            youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/)                               # v/ or embed/ or e/
                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
-                                 (?:watch|movie(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?)?              # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
+                                 (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?)?    # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
                                  (?:.*?&)?                                    # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx)
                                  v=
                              )
-                         )?                                                   # optional -> youtube.com/xxxx is OK
+                         ))
+                         |youtu\.be/                                          # just youtu.be/xxxx
+                         )
                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
-                     ([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)                                         # here is it! the YouTube video ID
+                     ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
                      $"""
     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
-    # Listed in order of quality
-    _available_formats = ['38', '37', '46', '22', '45', '35', '44', '34', '18', '43', '6', '5', '17', '13',
-                          '95', '94', '93', '92', '132', '151',
-                          '85', '84', '102', '83', '101', '82', '100',
-                          ]
-    _available_formats_prefer_free = ['38', '46', '37', '45', '22', '44', '35', '43', '34', '18', '6', '5', '17', '13',
-                                      '95', '94', '93', '92', '132', '151',
-                                      '85', '102', '84', '101', '83', '100', '82',
-                                      ]
-    _video_extensions = {
-        '13': '3gp',
-        '17': 'mp4',
-        '18': 'mp4',
-        '22': 'mp4',
-        '37': 'mp4',
-        '38': 'mp4',
-        '43': 'webm',
-        '44': 'webm',
-        '45': 'webm',
-        '46': 'webm',
+    _formats = {
+        '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240},
+        '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270},
+        '13': {'ext': '3gp'},
+        '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144},
+        '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
+        '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
+        '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
+        '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
+        '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'height': 240},
+        '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
+        '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072},
+        '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
+        '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
+        '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
+        '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
+
 
         # 3d videos
-        '82': 'mp4',
-        '83': 'mp4',
-        '84': 'mp4',
-        '85': 'mp4',
-        '100': 'webm',
-        '101': 'webm',
-        '102': 'webm',
-        
-        # videos that use m3u8
-        '92': 'mp4',
-        '93': 'mp4',
-        '94': 'mp4',
-        '95': 'mp4',
-        '96': 'mp4',
-        '132': 'mp4',
-        '151': 'mp4',
+        '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+        '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
+
+        # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
+        '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'resolution': '240p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'resolution': '240p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+        '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'resolution': '72p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
+
+        # DASH mp4 video
+        '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'resolution': '240p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
+        '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
+        '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
+        '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
+        '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
+        '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1081, 'resolution': '>1080p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
+        '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 192, 'resolution': '192p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
+        '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
+
+        # Dash mp4 audio
+        '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50},
+        '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50},
+        '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
+
+        # Dash webm
+        '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
+        '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'resolution': '240p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
+        '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
+        '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
+        '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
+        '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
+        '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
+        '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
+
+        # Dash webm audio
+        '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH webm audio', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50},
+        '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH webm audio', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
+
+        # RTMP (unnamed)
+        '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
     }
-    _video_dimensions = {
-        '5': '240x400',
-        '6': '???',
-        '13': '???',
-        '17': '144x176',
-        '18': '360x640',
-        '22': '720x1280',
-        '34': '360x640',
-        '35': '480x854',
-        '37': '1080x1920',
-        '38': '3072x4096',
-        '43': '360x640',
-        '44': '480x854',
-        '45': '720x1280',
-        '46': '1080x1920',
-        '82': '360p',
-        '83': '480p',
-        '84': '720p',
-        '85': '1080p',
-        '92': '240p',
-        '93': '360p',
-        '94': '480p',
-        '95': '720p',
-        '96': '1080p',
-        '100': '360p',
-        '101': '480p',
-        '102': '720p',        
-        '132': '240p',
-        '151': '72p',
-    }
-    _3d_itags = ['85', '84', '102', '83', '101', '82', '100']
+
     IE_NAME = u'youtube'
     _TESTS = [
         {
@@ -232,19 +241,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 u"uploader": u"Philipp Hagemeister",
                 u"uploader_id": u"phihag",
                 u"upload_date": u"20121002",
-                u"description": u"test chars:  \"'/\\Ƥā†­š•\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de ."
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            u"url":  u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ltcDfZMA3U",
-            u"file":  u"1ltcDfZMA3U.flv",
-            u"note": u"Test VEVO video (#897)",
-            u"info_dict": {
-                u"upload_date": u"20070518",
-                u"title": u"Maps - It Will Find You",
-                u"description": u"Music video by Maps performing It Will Find You.",
-                u"uploader": u"MuteUSA",
-                u"uploader_id": u"MuteUSA"
+                u"description": u"test chars:  \"'/\\Ƥā†­š•\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de ."
             }
         },
         {
@@ -254,8 +251,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             u"info_dict": {
                 u"upload_date": u"20120506",
                 u"title": u"Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]",
-                u"description": u"md5:b085c9804f5ab69f4adea963a2dceb3c",
-                u"uploader": u"IconaPop",
+                u"description": u"md5:5b292926389560516e384ac437c0ec07",
+                u"uploader": u"Icona Pop",
                 u"uploader_id": u"IconaPop"
             }
         },
@@ -272,18 +269,31 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             }
         },
         {
-            u'url': u'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGi3HqYrWHE',
-            u'file': u'TGi3HqYrWHE.mp4',
-            u'note': u'm3u8 video',
-            u'info_dict': {
-                u'title': u'Triathlon - Men - London 2012 Olympic Games',
-                u'description': u'- Men -  TR02 - Triathlon - 07 August 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
-                u'uploader': u'olympic',
-                u'upload_date': u'20120807',
-                u'uploader_id': u'olympic',
+            u"url":  u"//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ",
+            u"file":  u"yZIXLfi8CZQ.mp4",
+            u"note": u"Embed-only video (#1746)",
+            u"info_dict": {
+                u"upload_date": u"20120608",
+                u"title": u"Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012",
+                u"description": u"md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7",
+                u"uploader": u"SET India",
+                u"uploader_id": u"setindia"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            u"url": u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I",
+            u"file": u"a9LDPn-MO4I.m4a",
+            u"note": u"256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest",
+            u"info_dict": {
+                u"upload_date": "20121002",
+                u"uploader_id": "8KVIDEO",
+                u"description": "No description available.",
+                u"uploader": "8KVIDEO",
+                u"title": "UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4"
             },
-            u'params': {
-                u'skip_download': True,
+            u"params": {
+                u"youtube_include_dash_manifest": True,
+                u"format": "141",
             },
         },
     ]
@@ -292,30 +302,17 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     @classmethod
     def suitable(cls, url):
         """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
-        if YoutubePlaylistIE.suitable(url) or YoutubeSubscriptionsIE.suitable(url): return False
-        return re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE) is not None
+        if YoutubePlaylistIE.suitable(url): return False
+        return re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url) is not None
 
-    def report_video_webpage_download(self, video_id):
-        """Report attempt to download video webpage."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading video webpage' % video_id)
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._player_cache = {}
 
     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
         self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
 
-    def report_video_subtitles_download(self, video_id):
-        """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Checking available subtitles' % video_id)
-
-    def report_video_subtitles_request(self, video_id, sub_lang, format):
-        """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading video subtitles for %s.%s' % (video_id, sub_lang, format))
-
-    def report_video_subtitles_available(self, video_id, sub_lang_list):
-        """Report available subtitles."""
-        sub_lang = ",".join(list(sub_lang_list.keys()))
-        self.to_screen(u'%s: Available subtitles for video: %s' % (video_id, sub_lang))
-
     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
         self.to_screen(u'%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
@@ -328,194 +325,775 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
         self.to_screen(u'RTMP download detected')
 
-    def _decrypt_signature(self, s):
+    def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, slen):
+        id_m = re.match(r'.*-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
+                        player_url)
+        player_type = id_m.group('ext')
+        player_id = id_m.group('id')
+
+        # Read from filesystem cache
+        func_id = '%s_%s_%d' % (player_type, player_id, slen)
+        assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
+        cache_dir = get_cachedir(self._downloader.params)
+
+        cache_enabled = cache_dir is not None
+        if cache_enabled:
+            cache_fn = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(cache_dir),
+                                    u'youtube-sigfuncs',
+                                    func_id + '.json')
+            try:
+                with io.open(cache_fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as cachef:
+                    cache_spec = json.load(cachef)
+                return lambda s: u''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
+            except IOError:
+                pass  # No cache available
+
+        if player_type == 'js':
+            code = self._download_webpage(
+                player_url, video_id,
+                note=u'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id),
+                errnote=u'Download of %s failed' % player_url)
+            res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
+        elif player_type == 'swf':
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                player_url, video_id,
+                note=u'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id),
+                errnote=u'Download of %s failed' % player_url)
+            code = urlh.read()
+            res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
+        else:
+            assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
+
+        if cache_enabled:
+            try:
+                test_string = u''.join(map(compat_chr, range(slen)))
+                cache_res = res(test_string)
+                cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
+                try:
+                    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(cache_fn))
+                except OSError as ose:
+                    if ose.errno != errno.EEXIST:
+                        raise
+                write_json_file(cache_spec, cache_fn)
+            except Exception:
+                tb = traceback.format_exc()
+                self._downloader.report_warning(
+                    u'Writing cache to %r failed: %s' % (cache_fn, tb))
+
+        return res
+
+    def _print_sig_code(self, func, slen):
+        def gen_sig_code(idxs):
+            def _genslice(start, end, step):
+                starts = u'' if start == 0 else str(start)
+                ends = (u':%d' % (end+step)) if end + step >= 0 else u':'
+                steps = u'' if step == 1 else (u':%d' % step)
+                return u's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
+
+            step = None
+            start = '(Never used)'  # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be
+                                    # set as soon as step is set
+            for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
+                if step is not None:
+                    if i - prev == step:
+                        continue
+                    yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
+                    step = None
+                    continue
+                if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
+                    step = i - prev
+                    start = prev
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    yield u's[%d]' % prev
+            if step is None:
+                yield u's[%d]' % i
+            else:
+                yield _genslice(start, i, step)
+
+        test_string = u''.join(map(compat_chr, range(slen)))
+        cache_res = func(test_string)
+        cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
+        expr_code = u' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
+        code = u'if len(s) == %d:\n    return %s\n' % (slen, expr_code)
+        self.to_screen(u'Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
+
+    def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
+        funcname = self._search_regex(
+            r'signature=([a-zA-Z]+)', jscode,
+            u'Initial JS player signature function name')
+
+        functions = {}
+
+        def argidx(varname):
+            return string.lowercase.index(varname)
+
+        def interpret_statement(stmt, local_vars, allow_recursion=20):
+            if allow_recursion < 0:
+                raise ExtractorError(u'Recursion limit reached')
+
+            if stmt.startswith(u'var '):
+                stmt = stmt[len(u'var '):]
+            ass_m = re.match(r'^(?P<out>[a-z]+)(?:\[(?P<index>[^\]]+)\])?' +
+                             r'=(?P<expr>.*)$', stmt)
+            if ass_m:
+                if ass_m.groupdict().get('index'):
+                    def assign(val):
+                        lvar = local_vars[ass_m.group('out')]
+                        idx = interpret_expression(ass_m.group('index'),
+                                                   local_vars, allow_recursion)
+                        assert isinstance(idx, int)
+                        lvar[idx] = val
+                        return val
+                    expr = ass_m.group('expr')
+                else:
+                    def assign(val):
+                        local_vars[ass_m.group('out')] = val
+                        return val
+                    expr = ass_m.group('expr')
+            elif stmt.startswith(u'return '):
+                assign = lambda v: v
+                expr = stmt[len(u'return '):]
+            else:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    u'Cannot determine left side of statement in %r' % stmt)
+
+            v = interpret_expression(expr, local_vars, allow_recursion)
+            return assign(v)
+
+        def interpret_expression(expr, local_vars, allow_recursion):
+            if expr.isdigit():
+                return int(expr)
+
+            if expr.isalpha():
+                return local_vars[expr]
+
+            m = re.match(r'^(?P<in>[a-z]+)\.(?P<member>.*)$', expr)
+            if m:
+                member = m.group('member')
+                val = local_vars[m.group('in')]
+                if member == 'split("")':
+                    return list(val)
+                if member == 'join("")':
+                    return u''.join(val)
+                if member == 'length':
+                    return len(val)
+                if member == 'reverse()':
+                    return val[::-1]
+                slice_m = re.match(r'slice\((?P<idx>.*)\)', member)
+                if slice_m:
+                    idx = interpret_expression(
+                        slice_m.group('idx'), local_vars, allow_recursion-1)
+                    return val[idx:]
+
+            m = re.match(
+                r'^(?P<in>[a-z]+)\[(?P<idx>.+)\]$', expr)
+            if m:
+                val = local_vars[m.group('in')]
+                idx = interpret_expression(m.group('idx'), local_vars,
+                                           allow_recursion-1)
+                return val[idx]
+
+            m = re.match(r'^(?P<a>.+?)(?P<op>[%])(?P<b>.+?)$', expr)
+            if m:
+                a = interpret_expression(m.group('a'),
+                                         local_vars, allow_recursion)
+                b = interpret_expression(m.group('b'),
+                                         local_vars, allow_recursion)
+                return a % b
+
+            m = re.match(
+                r'^(?P<func>[a-zA-Z$]+)\((?P<args>[a-z0-9,]+)\)$', expr)
+            if m:
+                fname = m.group('func')
+                if fname not in functions:
+                    functions[fname] = extract_function(fname)
+                argvals = [int(v) if v.isdigit() else local_vars[v]
+                           for v in m.group('args').split(',')]
+                return functions[fname](argvals)
+            raise ExtractorError(u'Unsupported JS expression %r' % expr)
+
+        def extract_function(funcname):
+            func_m = re.search(
+                r'function ' + re.escape(funcname) +
+                r'\((?P<args>[a-z,]+)\){(?P<code>[^}]+)}',
+                jscode)
+            argnames = func_m.group('args').split(',')
+
+            def resf(args):
+                local_vars = dict(zip(argnames, args))
+                for stmt in func_m.group('code').split(';'):
+                    res = interpret_statement(stmt, local_vars)
+                return res
+            return resf
+
+        initial_function = extract_function(funcname)
+        return lambda s: initial_function([s])
+
+    def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
+        if file_contents[1:3] != b'WS':
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                u'Not an SWF file; header is %r' % file_contents[:3])
+        if file_contents[:1] == b'C':
+            content = zlib.decompress(file_contents[8:])
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(u'Unsupported compression format %r' %
+                                      file_contents[:1])
+
+        def extract_tags(content):
+            pos = 0
+            while pos < len(content):
+                header16 = struct.unpack('<H', content[pos:pos+2])[0]
+                pos += 2
+                tag_code = header16 >> 6
+                tag_len = header16 & 0x3f
+                if tag_len == 0x3f:
+                    tag_len = struct.unpack('<I', content[pos:pos+4])[0]
+                    pos += 4
+                assert pos+tag_len <= len(content)
+                yield (tag_code, content[pos:pos+tag_len])
+                pos += tag_len
+
+        code_tag = next(tag
+                        for tag_code, tag in extract_tags(content)
+                        if tag_code == 82)
+        p = code_tag.index(b'\0', 4) + 1
+        code_reader = io.BytesIO(code_tag[p:])
+
+        # Parse ABC (AVM2 ByteCode)
+        def read_int(reader=None):
+            if reader is None:
+                reader = code_reader
+            res = 0
+            shift = 0
+            for _ in range(5):
+                buf = reader.read(1)
+                assert len(buf) == 1
+                b = struct.unpack('<B', buf)[0]
+                res = res | ((b & 0x7f) << shift)
+                if b & 0x80 == 0:
+                    break
+                shift += 7
+            return res
+
+        def u30(reader=None):
+            res = read_int(reader)
+            assert res & 0xf0000000 == 0
+            return res
+        u32 = read_int
+
+        def s32(reader=None):
+            v = read_int(reader)
+            if v & 0x80000000 != 0:
+                v = - ((v ^ 0xffffffff) + 1)
+            return v
+
+        def read_string(reader=None):
+            if reader is None:
+                reader = code_reader
+            slen = u30(reader)
+            resb = reader.read(slen)
+            assert len(resb) == slen
+            return resb.decode('utf-8')
+
+        def read_bytes(count, reader=None):
+            if reader is None:
+                reader = code_reader
+            resb = reader.read(count)
+            assert len(resb) == count
+            return resb
+
+        def read_byte(reader=None):
+            resb = read_bytes(1, reader=reader)
+            res = struct.unpack('<B', resb)[0]
+            return res
+
+        # minor_version + major_version
+        read_bytes(2 + 2)
+
+        # Constant pool
+        int_count = u30()
+        for _c in range(1, int_count):
+            s32()
+        uint_count = u30()
+        for _c in range(1, uint_count):
+            u32()
+        double_count = u30()
+        read_bytes((double_count-1) * 8)
+        string_count = u30()
+        constant_strings = [u'']
+        for _c in range(1, string_count):
+            s = read_string()
+            constant_strings.append(s)
+        namespace_count = u30()
+        for _c in range(1, namespace_count):
+            read_bytes(1)  # kind
+            u30()  # name
+        ns_set_count = u30()
+        for _c in range(1, ns_set_count):
+            count = u30()
+            for _c2 in range(count):
+                u30()
+        multiname_count = u30()
+        MULTINAME_SIZES = {
+            0x07: 2,  # QName
+            0x0d: 2,  # QNameA
+            0x0f: 1,  # RTQName
+            0x10: 1,  # RTQNameA
+            0x11: 0,  # RTQNameL
+            0x12: 0,  # RTQNameLA
+            0x09: 2,  # Multiname
+            0x0e: 2,  # MultinameA
+            0x1b: 1,  # MultinameL
+            0x1c: 1,  # MultinameLA
+        }
+        multinames = [u'']
+        for _c in range(1, multiname_count):
+            kind = u30()
+            assert kind in MULTINAME_SIZES, u'Invalid multiname kind %r' % kind
+            if kind == 0x07:
+                u30()  # namespace_idx
+                name_idx = u30()
+                multinames.append(constant_strings[name_idx])
+            else:
+                multinames.append('[MULTINAME kind: %d]' % kind)
+                for _c2 in range(MULTINAME_SIZES[kind]):
+                    u30()
+
+        # Methods
+        method_count = u30()
+        MethodInfo = collections.namedtuple(
+            'MethodInfo',
+            ['NEED_ARGUMENTS', 'NEED_REST'])
+        method_infos = []
+        for method_id in range(method_count):
+            param_count = u30()
+            u30()  # return type
+            for _ in range(param_count):
+                u30()  # param type
+            u30()  # name index (always 0 for youtube)
+            flags = read_byte()
+            if flags & 0x08 != 0:
+                # Options present
+                option_count = u30()
+                for c in range(option_count):
+                    u30()  # val
+                    read_bytes(1)  # kind
+            if flags & 0x80 != 0:
+                # Param names present
+                for _ in range(param_count):
+                    u30()  # param name
+            mi = MethodInfo(flags & 0x01 != 0, flags & 0x04 != 0)
+            method_infos.append(mi)
+
+        # Metadata
+        metadata_count = u30()
+        for _c in range(metadata_count):
+            u30()  # name
+            item_count = u30()
+            for _c2 in range(item_count):
+                u30()  # key
+                u30()  # value
+
+        def parse_traits_info():
+            trait_name_idx = u30()
+            kind_full = read_byte()
+            kind = kind_full & 0x0f
+            attrs = kind_full >> 4
+            methods = {}
+            if kind in [0x00, 0x06]:  # Slot or Const
+                u30()  # Slot id
+                u30()  # type_name_idx
+                vindex = u30()
+                if vindex != 0:
+                    read_byte()  # vkind
+            elif kind in [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]:  # Method / Getter / Setter
+                u30()  # disp_id
+                method_idx = u30()
+                methods[multinames[trait_name_idx]] = method_idx
+            elif kind == 0x04:  # Class
+                u30()  # slot_id
+                u30()  # classi
+            elif kind == 0x05:  # Function
+                u30()  # slot_id
+                function_idx = u30()
+                methods[function_idx] = multinames[trait_name_idx]
+            else:
+                raise ExtractorError(u'Unsupported trait kind %d' % kind)
+
+            if attrs & 0x4 != 0:  # Metadata present
+                metadata_count = u30()
+                for _c3 in range(metadata_count):
+                    u30()  # metadata index
+
+            return methods
+
+        # Classes
+        TARGET_CLASSNAME = u'SignatureDecipher'
+        searched_idx = multinames.index(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
+        searched_class_id = None
+        class_count = u30()
+        for class_id in range(class_count):
+            name_idx = u30()
+            if name_idx == searched_idx:
+                # We found the class we're looking for!
+                searched_class_id = class_id
+            u30()  # super_name idx
+            flags = read_byte()
+            if flags & 0x08 != 0:  # Protected namespace is present
+                u30()  # protected_ns_idx
+            intrf_count = u30()
+            for _c2 in range(intrf_count):
+                u30()
+            u30()  # iinit
+            trait_count = u30()
+            for _c2 in range(trait_count):
+                parse_traits_info()
+
+        if searched_class_id is None:
+            raise ExtractorError(u'Target class %r not found' %
+                                 TARGET_CLASSNAME)
+
+        method_names = {}
+        method_idxs = {}
+        for class_id in range(class_count):
+            u30()  # cinit
+            trait_count = u30()
+            for _c2 in range(trait_count):
+                trait_methods = parse_traits_info()
+                if class_id == searched_class_id:
+                    method_names.update(trait_methods.items())
+                    method_idxs.update(dict(
+                        (idx, name)
+                        for name, idx in trait_methods.items()))
+
+        # Scripts
+        script_count = u30()
+        for _c in range(script_count):
+            u30()  # init
+            trait_count = u30()
+            for _c2 in range(trait_count):
+                parse_traits_info()
+
+        # Method bodies
+        method_body_count = u30()
+        Method = collections.namedtuple('Method', ['code', 'local_count'])
+        methods = {}
+        for _c in range(method_body_count):
+            method_idx = u30()
+            u30()  # max_stack
+            local_count = u30()
+            u30()  # init_scope_depth
+            u30()  # max_scope_depth
+            code_length = u30()
+            code = read_bytes(code_length)
+            if method_idx in method_idxs:
+                m = Method(code, local_count)
+                methods[method_idxs[method_idx]] = m
+            exception_count = u30()
+            for _c2 in range(exception_count):
+                u30()  # from
+                u30()  # to
+                u30()  # target
+                u30()  # exc_type
+                u30()  # var_name
+            trait_count = u30()
+            for _c2 in range(trait_count):
+                parse_traits_info()
+
+        assert p + code_reader.tell() == len(code_tag)
+        assert len(methods) == len(method_idxs)
+
+        method_pyfunctions = {}
+
+        def extract_function(func_name):
+            if func_name in method_pyfunctions:
+                return method_pyfunctions[func_name]
+            if func_name not in methods:
+                raise ExtractorError(u'Cannot find function %r' % func_name)
+            m = methods[func_name]
+
+            def resfunc(args):
+                registers = ['(this)'] + list(args) + [None] * m.local_count
+                stack = []
+                coder = io.BytesIO(m.code)
+                while True:
+                    opcode = struct.unpack('!B', coder.read(1))[0]
+                    if opcode == 36:  # pushbyte
+                        v = struct.unpack('!B', coder.read(1))[0]
+                        stack.append(v)
+                    elif opcode == 44:  # pushstring
+                        idx = u30(coder)
+                        stack.append(constant_strings[idx])
+                    elif opcode == 48:  # pushscope
+                        # We don't implement the scope register, so we'll just
+                        # ignore the popped value
+                        stack.pop()
+                    elif opcode == 70:  # callproperty
+                        index = u30(coder)
+                        mname = multinames[index]
+                        arg_count = u30(coder)
+                        args = list(reversed(
+                            [stack.pop() for _ in range(arg_count)]))
+                        obj = stack.pop()
+                        if mname == u'split':
+                            assert len(args) == 1
+                            assert isinstance(args[0], compat_str)
+                            assert isinstance(obj, compat_str)
+                            if args[0] == u'':
+                                res = list(obj)
+                            else:
+                                res = obj.split(args[0])
+                            stack.append(res)
+                        elif mname == u'slice':
+                            assert len(args) == 1
+                            assert isinstance(args[0], int)
+                            assert isinstance(obj, list)
+                            res = obj[args[0]:]
+                            stack.append(res)
+                        elif mname == u'join':
+                            assert len(args) == 1
+                            assert isinstance(args[0], compat_str)
+                            assert isinstance(obj, list)
+                            res = args[0].join(obj)
+                            stack.append(res)
+                        elif mname in method_pyfunctions:
+                            stack.append(method_pyfunctions[mname](args))
+                        else:
+                            raise NotImplementedError(
+                                u'Unsupported property %r on %r'
+                                % (mname, obj))
+                    elif opcode == 72:  # returnvalue
+                        res = stack.pop()
+                        return res
+                    elif opcode == 79:  # callpropvoid
+                        index = u30(coder)
+                        mname = multinames[index]
+                        arg_count = u30(coder)
+                        args = list(reversed(
+                            [stack.pop() for _ in range(arg_count)]))
+                        obj = stack.pop()
+                        if mname == u'reverse':
+                            assert isinstance(obj, list)
+                            obj.reverse()
+                        else:
+                            raise NotImplementedError(
+                                u'Unsupported (void) property %r on %r'
+                                % (mname, obj))
+                    elif opcode == 93:  # findpropstrict
+                        index = u30(coder)
+                        mname = multinames[index]
+                        res = extract_function(mname)
+                        stack.append(res)
+                    elif opcode == 97:  # setproperty
+                        index = u30(coder)
+                        value = stack.pop()
+                        idx = stack.pop()
+                        obj = stack.pop()
+                        assert isinstance(obj, list)
+                        assert isinstance(idx, int)
+                        obj[idx] = value
+                    elif opcode == 98:  # getlocal
+                        index = u30(coder)
+                        stack.append(registers[index])
+                    elif opcode == 99:  # setlocal
+                        index = u30(coder)
+                        value = stack.pop()
+                        registers[index] = value
+                    elif opcode == 102:  # getproperty
+                        index = u30(coder)
+                        pname = multinames[index]
+                        if pname == u'length':
+                            obj = stack.pop()
+                            assert isinstance(obj, list)
+                            stack.append(len(obj))
+                        else:  # Assume attribute access
+                            idx = stack.pop()
+                            assert isinstance(idx, int)
+                            obj = stack.pop()
+                            assert isinstance(obj, list)
+                            stack.append(obj[idx])
+                    elif opcode == 128:  # coerce
+                        u30(coder)
+                    elif opcode == 133:  # coerce_s
+                        assert isinstance(stack[-1], (type(None), compat_str))
+                    elif opcode == 164:  # modulo
+                        value2 = stack.pop()
+                        value1 = stack.pop()
+                        res = value1 % value2
+                        stack.append(res)
+                    elif opcode == 208:  # getlocal_0
+                        stack.append(registers[0])
+                    elif opcode == 209:  # getlocal_1
+                        stack.append(registers[1])
+                    elif opcode == 210:  # getlocal_2
+                        stack.append(registers[2])
+                    elif opcode == 211:  # getlocal_3
+                        stack.append(registers[3])
+                    elif opcode == 214:  # setlocal_2
+                        registers[2] = stack.pop()
+                    elif opcode == 215:  # setlocal_3
+                        registers[3] = stack.pop()
+                    else:
+                        raise NotImplementedError(
+                            u'Unsupported opcode %d' % opcode)
+
+            method_pyfunctions[func_name] = resfunc
+            return resfunc
+
+        initial_function = extract_function(u'decipher')
+        return lambda s: initial_function([s])
+
+    def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
 
-        if len(s) == 92:
+        if player_url is not None:
+            if player_url.startswith(u'//'):
+                player_url = u'https:' + player_url
+            try:
+                player_id = (player_url, len(s))
+                if player_id not in self._player_cache:
+                    func = self._extract_signature_function(
+                        video_id, player_url, len(s)
+                    )
+                    self._player_cache[player_id] = func
+                func = self._player_cache[player_id]
+                if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
+                    self._print_sig_code(func, len(s))
+                return func(s)
+            except Exception:
+                tb = traceback.format_exc()
+                self._downloader.report_warning(
+                    u'Automatic signature extraction failed: ' + tb)
+
+            self._downloader.report_warning(
+                u'Warning: Falling back to static signature algorithm')
+
+        return self._static_decrypt_signature(
+            s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
+
+    def _static_decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate):
+        if age_gate:
+            # The videos with age protection use another player, so the
+            # algorithms can be different.
+            if len(s) == 86:
+                return s[2:63] + s[82] + s[64:82] + s[63]
+
+        if len(s) == 93:
+            return s[86:29:-1] + s[88] + s[28:5:-1]
+        elif len(s) == 92:
             return s[25] + s[3:25] + s[0] + s[26:42] + s[79] + s[43:79] + s[91] + s[80:83]
+        elif len(s) == 91:
+            return s[84:27:-1] + s[86] + s[26:5:-1]
         elif len(s) == 90:
             return s[25] + s[3:25] + s[2] + s[26:40] + s[77] + s[41:77] + s[89] + s[78:81]
+        elif len(s) == 89:
+            return s[84:78:-1] + s[87] + s[77:60:-1] + s[0] + s[59:3:-1]
         elif len(s) == 88:
-            return s[48] + s[81:67:-1] + s[82] + s[66:62:-1] + s[85] + s[61:48:-1] + s[67] + s[47:12:-1] + s[3] + s[11:3:-1] + s[2] + s[12]
+            return s[7:28] + s[87] + s[29:45] + s[55] + s[46:55] + s[2] + s[56:87] + s[28]
         elif len(s) == 87:
-            return s[83:53:-1] + s[3] + s[52:40:-1] + s[86] + s[39:10:-1] + s[0] + s[9:3:-1] + s[53]
+            return s[6:27] + s[4] + s[28:39] + s[27] + s[40:59] + s[2] + s[60:]
         elif len(s) == 86:
-            return s[83:85] + s[26] + s[79:46:-1] + s[85] + s[45:36:-1] + s[30] + s[35:30:-1] + s[46] + s[29:26:-1] + s[82] + s[25:1:-1]
+            return s[80:72:-1] + s[16] + s[71:39:-1] + s[72] + s[38:16:-1] + s[82] + s[15::-1]
         elif len(s) == 85:
-            return s[2:8] + s[0] + s[9:21] + s[65] + s[22:65] + s[84] + s[66:82] + s[21]
+            return s[3:11] + s[0] + s[12:55] + s[84] + s[56:84]
         elif len(s) == 84:
-            return s[83:27:-1] + s[0] + s[26:5:-1] + s[2:0:-1] + s[27]
+            return s[78:70:-1] + s[14] + s[69:37:-1] + s[70] + s[36:14:-1] + s[80] + s[:14][::-1]
         elif len(s) == 83:
-            return s[:15] + s[80] + s[16:80] + s[15]
+            return s[80:63:-1] + s[0] + s[62:0:-1] + s[63]
         elif len(s) == 82:
-            return s[36] + s[79:67:-1] + s[81] + s[66:40:-1] + s[33] + s[39:36:-1] + s[40] + s[35] + s[0] + s[67] + s[32:0:-1] + s[34]
+            return s[80:37:-1] + s[7] + s[36:7:-1] + s[0] + s[6:0:-1] + s[37]
         elif len(s) == 81:
             return s[56] + s[79:56:-1] + s[41] + s[55:41:-1] + s[80] + s[40:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:29:-1] + s[34] + s[28:9:-1] + s[29] + s[8:0:-1] + s[9]
+        elif len(s) == 80:
+            return s[1:19] + s[0] + s[20:68] + s[19] + s[69:80]
         elif len(s) == 79:
             return s[54] + s[77:54:-1] + s[39] + s[53:39:-1] + s[78] + s[38:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:29:-1] + s[34] + s[28:9:-1] + s[29] + s[8:0:-1] + s[9]
 
         else:
             raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to decrypt signature, key length %d not supported; retrying might work' % (len(s)))
 
-    def _decrypt_signature_age_gate(self, s):
-        # The videos with age protection use another player, so the algorithms
-        # can be different.
-        if len(s) == 86:
-            return s[2:63] + s[82] + s[64:82] + s[63]
-        else:
-            # Fallback to the other algortihms
-            return self._decrypt_signature(s)
-
-
-    def _get_available_subtitles(self, video_id):
-        self.report_video_subtitles_download(video_id)
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request('http://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id)
+    def _get_available_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
         try:
-            sub_list = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            return (u'unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err), None)
-        sub_lang_list = re.findall(r'name="([^"]*)"[^>]+lang_code="([\w\-]+)"', sub_list)
-        sub_lang_list = dict((l[1], l[0]) for l in sub_lang_list)
+            sub_list = self._download_webpage(
+                'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
+                video_id, note=False)
+        except ExtractorError as err:
+            self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err))
+            return {}
+        lang_list = re.findall(r'name="([^"]*)"[^>]+lang_code="([\w\-]+)"', sub_list)
+
+        sub_lang_list = {}
+        for l in lang_list:
+            lang = l[1]
+            params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
+                'lang': lang,
+                'v': video_id,
+                'fmt': self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'srt'),
+                'name': unescapeHTML(l[0]).encode('utf-8'),
+            })
+            url = u'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params
+            sub_lang_list[lang] = url
         if not sub_lang_list:
-            return (u'video doesn\'t have subtitles', None)
+            self._downloader.report_warning(u'video doesn\'t have subtitles')
+            return {}
         return sub_lang_list
 
-    def _list_available_subtitles(self, video_id):
-        sub_lang_list = self._get_available_subtitles(video_id)
-        self.report_video_subtitles_available(video_id, sub_lang_list)
-
-    def _request_subtitle(self, sub_lang, sub_name, video_id, format):
-        """
-        Return tuple:
-        (error_message, sub_lang, sub)
-        """
-        self.report_video_subtitles_request(video_id, sub_lang, format)
-        params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
-            'lang': sub_lang,
-            'name': sub_name,
-            'v': video_id,
-            'fmt': format,
-        })
-        url = 'http://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params
-        try:
-            sub = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            return (u'unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err), None, None)
-        if not sub:
-            return (u'Did not fetch video subtitles', None, None)
-        return (None, sub_lang, sub)
-
-    def _request_automatic_caption(self, video_id, webpage):
+    def _get_available_automatic_caption(self, video_id, webpage):
         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
            argument to speed up the process."""
-        sub_lang = self._downloader.params.get('subtitleslang') or 'en'
-        sub_format = self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat')
+        sub_format = self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'srt')
         self.to_screen(u'%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
         mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', webpage)
-        err_msg = u'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for "%s"' % sub_lang
+        err_msg = u'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
         if mobj is None:
-            return [(err_msg, None, None)]
+            self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
+            return {}
         player_config = json.loads(mobj.group(1))
         try:
             args = player_config[u'args']
             caption_url = args[u'ttsurl']
             timestamp = args[u'timestamp']
-            params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
-                'lang': 'en',
-                'tlang': sub_lang,
-                'fmt': sub_format,
-                'ts': timestamp,
-                'kind': 'asr',
+            # We get the available subtitles
+            list_params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
+                'type': 'list',
+                'tlangs': 1,
+                'asrs': 1,
             })
-            subtitles_url = caption_url + '&' + params
-            sub = self._download_webpage(subtitles_url, video_id, u'Downloading automatic captions')
-            return [(None, sub_lang, sub)]
-        except KeyError:
-            return [(err_msg, None, None)]
-
-    def _extract_subtitle(self, video_id):
-        """
-        Return a list with a tuple:
-        [(error_message, sub_lang, sub)]
-        """
-        sub_lang_list = self._get_available_subtitles(video_id)
-        sub_format = self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat')
-        if  isinstance(sub_lang_list,tuple): #There was some error, it didn't get the available subtitles
-            return [(sub_lang_list[0], None, None)]
-        if self._downloader.params.get('subtitleslang', False):
-            sub_lang = self._downloader.params.get('subtitleslang')
-        elif 'en' in sub_lang_list:
-            sub_lang = 'en'
-        else:
-            sub_lang = list(sub_lang_list.keys())[0]
-        if not sub_lang in sub_lang_list:
-            return [(u'no closed captions found in the specified language "%s"' % sub_lang, None, None)]
-
-        subtitle = self._request_subtitle(sub_lang, sub_lang_list[sub_lang].encode('utf-8'), video_id, sub_format)
-        return [subtitle]
-
-    def _extract_all_subtitles(self, video_id):
-        sub_lang_list = self._get_available_subtitles(video_id)
-        sub_format = self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat')
-        if  isinstance(sub_lang_list,tuple): #There was some error, it didn't get the available subtitles
-            return [(sub_lang_list[0], None, None)]
-        subtitles = []
-        for sub_lang in sub_lang_list:
-            subtitle = self._request_subtitle(sub_lang, sub_lang_list[sub_lang].encode('utf-8'), video_id, sub_format)
-            subtitles.append(subtitle)
-        return subtitles
-
-    def _print_formats(self, formats):
-        print('Available formats:')
-        for x in formats:
-            print('%s\t:\t%s\t[%s]%s' %(x, self._video_extensions.get(x, 'flv'),
-                                        self._video_dimensions.get(x, '???'),
-                                        ' (3D)' if x in self._3d_itags else ''))
-
-    def _extract_id(self, url):
-        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
+            list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
+            caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
+            original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
+            if original_lang_node is None or original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind') != 'asr' :
+                self._downloader.report_warning(u'Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
+                return {}
+            original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
+
+            sub_lang_list = {}
+            for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
+                sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
+                params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
+                    'lang': original_lang,
+                    'tlang': sub_lang,
+                    'fmt': sub_format,
+                    'ts': timestamp,
+                    'kind': 'asr',
+                })
+                sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = caption_url + '&' + params
+            return sub_lang_list
+        # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
+        # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
+        except (KeyError, ExtractorError):
+            self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
+            return {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def extract_id(cls, url):
+        mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
         if mobj is None:
             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
         video_id = mobj.group(2)
         return video_id
 
-    def _get_video_url_list(self, url_map):
-        """
-        Transform a dictionary in the format {itag:url} to a list of (itag, url)
-        with the requested formats.
-        """
-        req_format = self._downloader.params.get('format', None)
-        format_limit = self._downloader.params.get('format_limit', None)
-        available_formats = self._available_formats_prefer_free if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats', False) else self._available_formats
-        if format_limit is not None and format_limit in available_formats:
-            format_list = available_formats[available_formats.index(format_limit):]
-        else:
-            format_list = available_formats
-        existing_formats = [x for x in format_list if x in url_map]
-        if len(existing_formats) == 0:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'no known formats available for video')
-        if self._downloader.params.get('listformats', None):
-            self._print_formats(existing_formats)
-            return
-        if req_format is None or req_format == 'best':
-            video_url_list = [(existing_formats[0], url_map[existing_formats[0]])] # Best quality
-        elif req_format == 'worst':
-            video_url_list = [(existing_formats[-1], url_map[existing_formats[-1]])] # worst quality
-        elif req_format in ('-1', 'all'):
-            video_url_list = [(f, url_map[f]) for f in existing_formats] # All formats
-        else:
-            # Specific formats. We pick the first in a slash-delimeted sequence.
-            # For example, if '1/2/3/4' is requested and '2' and '4' are available, we pick '2'.
-            req_formats = req_format.split('/')
-            video_url_list = None
-            for rf in req_formats:
-                if rf in url_map:
-                    video_url_list = [(rf, url_map[rf])]
-                    break
-            if video_url_list is None:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'requested format not available')
-        return video_url_list
-
     def _extract_from_m3u8(self, manifest_url, video_id):
         url_map = {}
         def _get_urls(_manifest):
@@ -530,29 +1108,23 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             url_map[itag] = format_url
         return url_map
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        if re.match(r'(?:https?://)?[^/]+/watch\?feature=[a-z_]+$', url):
-            self._downloader.report_warning(u'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta-character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, like  youtube-dl \'http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc\' (or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  ).')
+    def _extract_annotations(self, video_id):
+        url = 'https://www.youtube.com/annotations_invideo?features=1&legacy=1&video_id=%s' % video_id
+        return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note=u'Searching for annotations.', errnote=u'Unable to download video annotations.')
 
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
         if mobj:
             url = 'https://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse.unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
-        video_id = self._extract_id(url)
+        video_id = self.extract_id(url)
 
         # Get video webpage
-        self.report_video_webpage_download(video_id)
         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1' % video_id
-        request = compat_urllib_request.Request(url)
-        try:
-            video_webpage_bytes = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read()
-        except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to download video webpage: %s' % compat_str(err))
-
-        video_webpage = video_webpage_bytes.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+        video_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
-        mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(http:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
+        mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
         if mobj is not None:
             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
         else:
@@ -566,7 +1138,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
             data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({'video_id': video_id,
-                                                  'el': 'embedded',
+                                                  'el': 'player_embedded',
                                                   'gl': 'US',
                                                   'hl': 'en',
                                                   'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
@@ -595,6 +1167,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             else:
                 raise ExtractorError(u'"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason')
 
+        if 'view_count' in video_info:
+            view_count = int(video_info['view_count'][0])
+        else:
+            view_count = None
+
         # Check for "rental" videos
         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
             raise ExtractorError(u'"rental" videos not supported')
@@ -616,9 +1193,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract uploader nickname')
 
         # title
-        if 'title' not in video_info:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to extract video title')
-        video_title = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['title'][0])
+        if 'title' in video_info:
+            video_title = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['title'][0])
+        else:
+            self._downloader.report_warning(u'Unable to extract video title')
+            video_title = u'_'
 
         # thumbnail image
         # We try first to get a high quality image:
@@ -628,7 +1207,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
         elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract video thumbnail')
-            video_thumbnail = ''
+            video_thumbnail = None
         else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
             video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
 
@@ -642,6 +1221,15 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         # description
         video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
         if video_description:
+            video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
+                <a\s+
+                    (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
+                    title="([^"]+)"\s+
+                    (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
+                    class="yt-uix-redirect-link"\s*>
+                [^<]+
+                </a>
+            ''', r'\1', video_description)
             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
         else:
             fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
@@ -650,41 +1238,35 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             else:
                 video_description = u''
 
+        def _extract_count(klass):
+            count = self._search_regex(
+                r'class="%s">([\d,]+)</span>' % re.escape(klass),
+                video_webpage, klass, default=None)
+            if count is not None:
+                return int(count.replace(',', ''))
+            return None
+        like_count = _extract_count(u'likes-count')
+        dislike_count = _extract_count(u'dislikes-count')
+
         # subtitles
-        video_subtitles = None
-
-        if self._downloader.params.get('writesubtitles', False):
-            video_subtitles = self._extract_subtitle(video_id)
-            if video_subtitles:
-                (sub_error, sub_lang, sub) = video_subtitles[0]
-                if sub_error:
-                    self._downloader.report_warning(sub_error)
-        
-        if self._downloader.params.get('writeautomaticsub', False):
-            video_subtitles = self._request_automatic_caption(video_id, video_webpage)
-            (sub_error, sub_lang, sub) = video_subtitles[0]
-            if sub_error:
-                self._downloader.report_warning(sub_error)
-
-        if self._downloader.params.get('allsubtitles', False):
-            video_subtitles = self._extract_all_subtitles(video_id)
-            for video_subtitle in video_subtitles:
-                (sub_error, sub_lang, sub) = video_subtitle
-                if sub_error:
-                    self._downloader.report_warning(sub_error)
+        video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
 
         if self._downloader.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
-            self._list_available_subtitles(video_id)
+            self._list_available_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
             return
 
         if 'length_seconds' not in video_info:
             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract video duration')
-            video_duration = ''
+            video_duration = None
         else:
-            video_duration = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['length_seconds'][0])
+            video_duration = int(compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['length_seconds'][0]))
 
-        # Decide which formats to download
+        # annotations
+        video_annotations = None
+        if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
+                video_annotations = self._extract_annotations(video_id)
 
+        # Decide which formats to download
         try:
             mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', video_webpage)
             if not mobj:
@@ -693,91 +1275,156 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             args = info['args']
             # Easy way to know if the 's' value is in url_encoded_fmt_stream_map
             # this signatures are encrypted
-            m_s = re.search(r'[&,]s=', args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'])
+            if 'url_encoded_fmt_stream_map' not in args:
+                raise ValueError(u'No stream_map present')  # caught below
+            re_signature = re.compile(r'[&,]s=')
+            m_s = re_signature.search(args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'])
             if m_s is not None:
                 self.to_screen(u'%s: Encrypted signatures detected.' % video_id)
                 video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'] = [args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map']]
+            m_s = re_signature.search(args.get('adaptive_fmts', u''))
+            if m_s is not None:
+                if 'adaptive_fmts' in video_info:
+                    video_info['adaptive_fmts'][0] += ',' + args['adaptive_fmts']
+                else:
+                    video_info['adaptive_fmts'] = [args['adaptive_fmts']]
         except ValueError:
             pass
 
+        def _map_to_format_list(urlmap):
+            formats = []
+            for itag, video_real_url in urlmap.items():
+                dct = {
+                    'format_id': itag,
+                    'url': video_real_url,
+                    'player_url': player_url,
+                }
+                if itag in self._formats:
+                    dct.update(self._formats[itag])
+                formats.append(dct)
+            return formats
+
         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
             self.report_rtmp_download()
-            video_url_list = [(None, video_info['conn'][0])]
-        elif 'url_encoded_fmt_stream_map' in video_info and len(video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map']) >= 1:
-            if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'][0]:
+            formats = [{
+                'format_id': '_rtmp',
+                'protocol': 'rtmp',
+                'url': video_info['conn'][0],
+                'player_url': player_url,
+            }]
+        elif len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [])) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [])) >= 1:
+            encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts',[''])[0]
+            if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
             url_map = {}
-            for url_data_str in video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'][0].split(','):
+            for url_data_str in encoded_url_map.split(','):
                 url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
                 if 'itag' in url_data and 'url' in url_data:
                     url = url_data['url'][0]
                     if 'sig' in url_data:
                         url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
                     elif 's' in url_data:
+                        encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
                         if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
-                            s = url_data['s'][0]
                             if age_gate:
-                                player_version = self._search_regex(r'ad3-(.+?)\.swf',
-                                    video_info['ad3_module'][0] if 'ad3_module' in video_info else 'NOT FOUND',
-                                    'flash player', fatal=False)
-                                player = 'flash player %s' % player_version
+                                if player_url is None:
+                                    player_version = 'unknown'
+                                else:
+                                    player_version = self._search_regex(
+                                        r'-(.+)\.swf$', player_url,
+                                        u'flash player', fatal=False)
+                                player_desc = 'flash player %s' % player_version
                             else:
-                                player = u'html5 player %s' % self._search_regex(r'html5player-(.+?)\.js', video_webpage,
+                                player_version = self._search_regex(
+                                    r'html5player-(.+?)\.js', video_webpage,
                                     'html5 player', fatal=False)
-                            parts_sizes = u'.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in s.split('.'))
+                                player_desc = u'html5 player %s' % player_version
+
+                            parts_sizes = u'.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in encrypted_sig.split('.'))
                             self.to_screen(u'encrypted signature length %d (%s), itag %s, %s' %
-                                (len(s), parts_sizes, url_data['itag'][0], player))
-                        encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
-                        if age_gate:
-                            signature = self._decrypt_signature_age_gate(encrypted_sig)
-                        else:
-                            signature = self._decrypt_signature(encrypted_sig)
+                                (len(encrypted_sig), parts_sizes, url_data['itag'][0], player_desc))
+
+                        if not age_gate:
+                            jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
+                                r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")',
+                                video_webpage, u'JS player URL')
+                            player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
+
+                        signature = self._decrypt_signature(
+                            encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
                         url += '&signature=' + signature
                     if 'ratebypass' not in url:
                         url += '&ratebypass=yes'
                     url_map[url_data['itag'][0]] = url
-            video_url_list = self._get_video_url_list(url_map)
-            if not video_url_list:
-                return
+            formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
         elif video_info.get('hlsvp'):
             manifest_url = video_info['hlsvp'][0]
             url_map = self._extract_from_m3u8(manifest_url, video_id)
-            video_url_list = self._get_video_url_list(url_map)
-            if not video_url_list:
-                return
-
+            formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
         else:
-            raise ExtractorError(u'no conn or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
-
-        results = []
-        for format_param, video_real_url in video_url_list:
-            # Extension
-            video_extension = self._video_extensions.get(format_param, 'flv')
-
-            video_format = '{0} - {1}{2}'.format(format_param if format_param else video_extension,
-                                              self._video_dimensions.get(format_param, '???'),
-                                              ' (3D)' if format_param in self._3d_itags else '')
-
-            results.append({
-                'id':       video_id,
-                'url':      video_real_url,
-                'uploader': video_uploader,
-                'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
-                'upload_date':  upload_date,
-                'title':    video_title,
-                'ext':      video_extension,
-                'format':   video_format,
-                'thumbnail':    video_thumbnail,
-                'description':  video_description,
-                'player_url':   player_url,
-                'subtitles':    video_subtitles,
-                'duration':     video_duration
-            })
-        return results
+            raise ExtractorError(u'no conn, hlsvp or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
+
+        # Look for the DASH manifest
+        dash_manifest_url_lst = video_info.get('dashmpd')
+        if (dash_manifest_url_lst and dash_manifest_url_lst[0] and
+                self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', False)):
+            try:
+                dash_doc = self._download_xml(
+                    dash_manifest_url_lst[0], video_id,
+                    note=u'Downloading DASH manifest',
+                    errnote=u'Could not download DASH manifest')
+                for r in dash_doc.findall(u'.//{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}Representation'):
+                    url_el = r.find('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}BaseURL')
+                    if url_el is None:
+                        continue
+                    format_id = r.attrib['id']
+                    video_url = url_el.text
+                    filesize = int_or_none(url_el.attrib.get('{http://youtube.com/yt/2012/10/10}contentLength'))
+                    f = {
+                        'format_id': format_id,
+                        'url': video_url,
+                        'width': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('width')),
+                        'tbr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('bandwidth'), 1000),
+                        'asr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('audioSamplingRate')),
+                        'filesize': filesize,
+                    }
+                    try:
+                        existing_format = next(
+                            fo for fo in formats
+                            if fo['format_id'] == format_id)
+                    except StopIteration:
+                        f.update(self._formats.get(format_id, {}))
+                        formats.append(f)
+                    else:
+                        existing_format.update(f)
+
+            except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
+                self.report_warning(u'Skipping DASH manifest: %s' % e, video_id)
+
+        self._sort_formats(formats)
+
+        return {
+            'id':           video_id,
+            'uploader':     video_uploader,
+            'uploader_id':  video_uploader_id,
+            'upload_date':  upload_date,
+            'title':        video_title,
+            'thumbnail':    video_thumbnail,
+            'description':  video_description,
+            'subtitles':    video_subtitles,
+            'duration':     video_duration,
+            'age_limit':    18 if age_gate else 0,
+            'annotations':  video_annotations,
+            'webpage_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
+            'view_count':   view_count,
+            'like_count': like_count,
+            'dislike_count': dislike_count,
+            'formats':      formats,
+        }
 
-class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com playlists'
-    _VALID_URL = r"""(?:
+    _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
                         (?:https?://)?
                         (?:\w+\.)?
                         youtube\.com/
@@ -786,67 +1433,130 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
                            \? (?:.*?&)*? (?:p|a|list)=
                         |  p/
                         )
-                        ((?:PL|EC|UU|FL)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
+                        (
+                            (?:PL|EC|UU|FL|RD)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
+                            # Top tracks, they can also include dots 
+                            |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
+                        )
                         .*
                      |
-                        ((?:PL|EC|UU|FL)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
+                        ((?:PL|EC|UU|FL|RD)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
                      )"""
-    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/playlists/%s?max-results=%i&start-index=%i&v=2&alt=json&safeSearch=none'
-    _MAX_RESULTS = 50
+    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s&page=%s'
+    _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = r'data-link-type="next"'
+    _VIDEO_RE = r'href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+)'
     IE_NAME = u'youtube:playlist'
 
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
-        return re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE) is not None
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._login()
+
+    def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
+        return [self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
+                       for vid_id in ids]
+
+    def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
+        # The mixes are generated from a a single video
+        # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
+        url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (playlist_id[-11:], playlist_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id, u'Downloading Youtube mix')
+        title_span = (get_element_by_attribute('class', 'title long-title', webpage) or
+            get_element_by_attribute('class', 'title ', webpage))
+        title = clean_html(title_span)
+        video_re = r'data-index="\d+".*?href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s' % re.escape(playlist_id)
+        ids = orderedSet(re.findall(video_re, webpage))
+        url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         # Extract playlist id
-        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
+        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
         if mobj is None:
             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
-
-        # Download playlist videos from API
         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
-        videos = []
+
+        # Check if it's a video-specific URL
+        query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
+        if 'v' in query_dict:
+            video_id = query_dict['v'][0]
+            if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
+                self.to_screen(u'Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
+                return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
+            else:
+                self.to_screen(u'Downloading playlist PL%s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
+
+        if playlist_id.startswith('RD'):
+            # Mixes require a custom extraction process
+            return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
+        if playlist_id.startswith('TL'):
+            raise ExtractorError(u'For downloading YouTube.com top lists, use '
+                u'the "yttoplist" keyword, for example "youtube-dl \'yttoplist:music:Top Tracks\'"', expected=True)
+
+        # Extract the video ids from the playlist pages
+        ids = []
 
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
-            start_index = self._MAX_RESULTS * (page_num - 1) + 1
-            if start_index >= 1000:
-                self._downloader.report_warning(u'Max number of results reached')
-                break
-            url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % (playlist_id, self._MAX_RESULTS, start_index)
+            url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % (playlist_id, page_num)
             page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id, u'Downloading page #%s' % page_num)
+            matches = re.finditer(self._VIDEO_RE, page)
+            # We remove the duplicates and the link with index 0
+            # (it's not the first video of the playlist)
+            new_ids = orderedSet(m.group('id') for m in matches if m.group('index') != '0')
+            ids.extend(new_ids)
 
-            try:
-                response = json.loads(page)
-            except ValueError as err:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid JSON in API response: ' + compat_str(err))
-
-            if 'feed' not in response:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'Got a malformed response from YouTube API')
-            playlist_title = response['feed']['title']['$t']
-            if 'entry' not in response['feed']:
-                # Number of videos is a multiple of self._MAX_RESULTS
+            if re.search(self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR, page) is None:
                 break
 
-            for entry in response['feed']['entry']:
-                index = entry['yt$position']['$t']
-                if 'media$group' in entry and 'media$player' in entry['media$group']:
-                    videos.append((index, entry['media$group']['media$player']['url']))
+        try:
+            playlist_title = self._og_search_title(page)
+        except RegexNotFoundError:
+            self.report_warning(
+                u'Playlist page is missing OpenGraph title, falling back ...',
+                playlist_id)
+            playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
+                r'<h1 class="pl-header-title">(.*?)</h1>', page, u'title')
 
-        videos = [v[1] for v in sorted(videos)]
+        url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
+        return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, playlist_title)
 
-        url_results = [self.url_result(vurl, 'Youtube') for vurl in videos]
-        return [self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, playlist_title)]
+
+class YoutubeTopListIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
+    IE_NAME = u'youtube:toplist'
+    IE_DESC = (u'YouTube.com top lists, "yttoplist:{channel}:{list title}"'
+        u' (Example: "yttoplist:music:Top Tracks")')
+    _VALID_URL = r'yttoplist:(?P<chann>.*?):(?P<title>.*?)$'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
+        channel = mobj.group('chann')
+        title = mobj.group('title')
+        query = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({'title': title})
+        playlist_re = 'href="([^"]+?%s.*?)"' % re.escape(query)
+        channel_page = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/%s' % channel, title)
+        link = self._html_search_regex(playlist_re, channel_page, u'list')
+        url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', link)
+        
+        video_re = r'data-index="\d+".*?data-video-id="([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})"'
+        ids = []
+        # sometimes the webpage doesn't contain the videos
+        # retry until we get them
+        for i in itertools.count(0):
+            msg = u'Downloading Youtube mix'
+            if i > 0:
+                msg += ', retry #%d' % i
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, title, msg)
+            ids = orderedSet(re.findall(video_re, webpage))
+            if ids:
+                break
+        url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
+        return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title=title)
 
 
 class YoutubeChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com channels'
     _VALID_URL = r"^(?:https?://)?(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com)/channel/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)"
-    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos?sort=da&flow=list&view=0&page=%s&gl=US&hl=en'
     _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = 'yt-uix-load-more'
-    _MORE_PAGES_URL = 'http://www.youtube.com/c4_browse_ajax?action_load_more_videos=1&flow=list&paging=%s&view=0&sort=da&channel_id=%s'
+    _MORE_PAGES_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/c4_browse_ajax?action_load_more_videos=1&flow=list&paging=%s&view=0&sort=da&channel_id=%s'
     IE_NAME = u'youtube:channel'
 
     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
@@ -865,47 +1575,55 @@ class YoutubeChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
         # Download channel page
         channel_id = mobj.group(1)
         video_ids = []
-        pagenum = 1
-
-        url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % (channel_id, pagenum)
-        page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id,
-                                      u'Downloading page #%s' % pagenum)
-
-        # Extract video identifiers
-        ids_in_page = self.extract_videos_from_page(page)
-        video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)
-
-        # Download any subsequent channel pages using the json-based channel_ajax query
-        if self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR in page:
+        url = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos' % channel_id
+        channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id)
+        autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
+                class="[^"]*?(?:
+                    channel-header-autogenerated-label|
+                    yt-channel-title-autogenerated
+                )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
+
+        if autogenerated:
+            # The videos are contained in a single page
+            # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
+            video_ids = self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)
+        else:
+            # Download all channel pages using the json-based channel_ajax query
             for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
                 url = self._MORE_PAGES_URL % (pagenum, channel_id)
-                page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id,
-                                              u'Downloading page #%s' % pagenum)
-
-                page = json.loads(page)
+                page = self._download_json(
+                    url, channel_id, note=u'Downloading page #%s' % pagenum,
+                    transform_source=uppercase_escape)
 
                 ids_in_page = self.extract_videos_from_page(page['content_html'])
                 video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)
-
-                if self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR  not in page['load_more_widget_html']:
+    
+                if self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR not in page['load_more_widget_html']:
                     break
 
         self._downloader.to_screen(u'[youtube] Channel %s: Found %i videos' % (channel_id, len(video_ids)))
 
-        urls = ['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % id for id in video_ids]
-        url_entries = [self.url_result(eurl, 'Youtube') for eurl in urls]
-        return [self.playlist_result(url_entries, channel_id)]
+        url_entries = [self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
+                       for video_id in video_ids]
+        return self.playlist_result(url_entries, channel_id)
 
 
 class YoutubeUserIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:(?:https?://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/user/)|ytuser:)([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
-    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:(?:https?://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
+    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s'
     _GDATA_PAGE_SIZE = 50
-    _GDATA_URL = 'http://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s/uploads?max-results=%d&start-index=%d'
-    _VIDEO_INDICATOR = r'/watch\?v=(.+?)[\<&]'
+    _GDATA_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s/uploads?max-results=%d&start-index=%d&alt=json'
     IE_NAME = u'youtube:user'
 
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
+        # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
+        other_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
+        if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_ies): return False
+        else: return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         # Extract username
         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
@@ -919,36 +1637,38 @@ class YoutubeUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         # page by page until there are no video ids - it means we got
         # all of them.
 
-        video_ids = []
-
-        for pagenum in itertools.count(0):
+        def download_page(pagenum):
             start_index = pagenum * self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE + 1
 
             gdata_url = self._GDATA_URL % (username, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE, start_index)
-            page = self._download_webpage(gdata_url, username,
-                                          u'Downloading video ids from %d to %d' % (start_index, start_index + self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE))
-
-            # Extract video identifiers
-            ids_in_page = []
+            page = self._download_webpage(
+                gdata_url, username,
+                u'Downloading video ids from %d to %d' % (
+                    start_index, start_index + self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE))
 
-            for mobj in re.finditer(self._VIDEO_INDICATOR, page):
-                if mobj.group(1) not in ids_in_page:
-                    ids_in_page.append(mobj.group(1))
-
-            video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)
+            try:
+                response = json.loads(page)
+            except ValueError as err:
+                raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid JSON in API response: ' + compat_str(err))
+            if 'entry' not in response['feed']:
+                return
 
-            # A little optimization - if current page is not
-            # "full", ie. does not contain PAGE_SIZE video ids then
-            # we can assume that this page is the last one - there
-            # are no more ids on further pages - no need to query
-            # again.
+            # Extract video identifiers
+            entries = response['feed']['entry']
+            for entry in entries:
+                title = entry['title']['$t']
+                video_id = entry['id']['$t'].split('/')[-1]
+                yield {
+                    '_type': 'url',
+                    'url': video_id,
+                    'ie_key': 'Youtube',
+                    'id': video_id,
+                    'title': title,
+                }
+        url_results = PagedList(download_page, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE)
 
-            if len(ids_in_page) < self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE:
-                break
+        return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title=username)
 
-        urls = ['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id for video_id in video_ids]
-        url_results = [self.url_result(rurl, 'Youtube') for rurl in urls]
-        return [self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title = username)]
 
 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com searches'
@@ -957,10 +1677,6 @@ class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = u'youtube:search'
     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
 
-    def report_download_page(self, query, pagenum):
-        """Report attempt to download search page with given number."""
-        self._downloader.to_screen(u'[youtube] query "%s": Downloading page %s' % (query, pagenum))
-
     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
 
@@ -969,17 +1685,17 @@ class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
         limit = n
 
         while (50 * pagenum) < limit:
-            self.report_download_page(query, pagenum+1)
             result_url = self._API_URL % (compat_urllib_parse.quote_plus(query), (50*pagenum)+1)
-            request = compat_urllib_request.Request(result_url)
-            try:
-                data = compat_urllib_request.urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
-            except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to download API page: %s' % compat_str(err))
-            api_response = json.loads(data)['data']
+            data_json = self._download_webpage(
+                result_url, video_id=u'query "%s"' % query,
+                note=u'Downloading page %s' % (pagenum + 1),
+                errnote=u'Unable to download API page')
+            data = json.loads(data_json)
+            api_response = data['data']
 
-            if not 'items' in api_response:
-                raise ExtractorError(u'[youtube] No video results')
+            if 'items' not in api_response:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    u'[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
 
             new_ids = list(video['id'] for video in api_response['items'])
             video_ids += new_ids
@@ -989,9 +1705,15 @@ class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
 
         if len(video_ids) > n:
             video_ids = video_ids[:n]
-        videos = [self.url_result('http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % id, 'Youtube') for id in video_ids]
+        videos = [self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
+                  for video_id in video_ids]
         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
 
+class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
+    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
+    _API_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=%s&start-index=%i&max-results=50&v=2&alt=jsonc&orderby=published'
+    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
+    IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
 
 class YoutubeShowIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
@@ -1015,7 +1737,6 @@ class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
     """
     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
-    _PAGING_STEP = 30
     # use action_load_personal_feed instead of action_load_system_feed
     _PERSONAL_FEED = False
 
@@ -1024,7 +1745,7 @@ class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         action = 'action_load_system_feed'
         if self._PERSONAL_FEED:
             action = 'action_load_personal_feed'
-        return 'http://www.youtube.com/feed_ajax?%s=1&feed_name=%s&paging=%%s' % (action, self._FEED_NAME)
+        return 'https://www.youtube.com/feed_ajax?%s=1&feed_name=%s&paging=%%s' % (action, self._FEED_NAME)
 
     @property
     def IE_NAME(self):
@@ -1035,9 +1756,8 @@ class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         feed_entries = []
-        # The step argument is available only in 2.7 or higher
-        for i in itertools.count(0):
-            paging = i*self._PAGING_STEP
+        paging = 0
+        for i in itertools.count(1):
             info = self._download_webpage(self._FEED_TEMPLATE % paging,
                                           u'%s feed' % self._FEED_NAME,
                                           u'Downloading page %s' % i)
@@ -1045,9 +1765,12 @@ class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             feed_html = info['feed_html']
             m_ids = re.finditer(r'"/watch\?v=(.*?)["&]', feed_html)
             ids = orderedSet(m.group(1) for m in m_ids)
-            feed_entries.extend(self.url_result(id, 'Youtube') for id in ids)
+            feed_entries.extend(
+                self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
+                for video_id in ids)
             if info['paging'] is None:
                 break
+            paging = info['paging']
         return self.playlist_result(feed_entries, playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
 
 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
@@ -1067,16 +1790,40 @@ class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/watch_later|:ytwatchlater'
     _FEED_NAME = 'watch_later'
     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Watch Later'
-    _PAGING_STEP = 100
     _PERSONAL_FEED = True
 
+class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = u'Youtube watch history, "ythistory" keyword (requires authentication)'
+    _VALID_URL = u'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
+    _FEED_NAME = 'history'
+    _PERSONAL_FEED = True
+    _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Watch History'
+
 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = u'youtube:favorites'
     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com favourite videos, "ytfav" keyword (requires authentication)'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:o?rites)?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, u'favourites playlist id')
         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
+
+
+class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        (?:https?://)?[^/]+/watch\?feature=[a-z_]+$|
+        (?:https?://)?(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/attribution_link\?a=[^&]+$
+    '''
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            u'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
+            u'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
+            u'like  youtube-dl '
+            u'"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
+            u' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
+            expected=True)