]> Raphaël G. Git Repositories - youtubedl/blobdiff - test/test_utils.py
d/p/skip-style-checks-for-flake8: Add metadata to please lintian.
[youtubedl] / test / test_utils.py
index e9e590e749f131a0950c79bcf4fee1e9fb9004c2..0896f41506aa6d6cdb45b1c601203d6e717946d6 100644 (file)
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
 # coding: utf-8
 
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
 import sys
@@ -9,29 +11,109 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 
 # Various small unit tests
+import io
+import json
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
-#from youtube_dl.utils import htmlentity_transform
 from youtube_dl.utils import (
-    timeconvert,
-    sanitize_filename,
-    unescapeHTML,
-    orderedSet,
+    age_restricted,
+    args_to_str,
+    encode_base_n,
+    caesar,
+    clean_html,
+    date_from_str,
     DateRange,
-    unified_strdate,
+    detect_exe_version,
+    determine_ext,
+    dict_get,
+    encode_compat_str,
+    encodeFilename,
+    escape_rfc3986,
+    escape_url,
+    extract_attributes,
+    ExtractorError,
     find_xpath_attr,
-    get_meta_content,
-    xpath_with_ns,
+    fix_xml_ampersands,
+    float_or_none,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_by_attribute,
+    get_elements_by_class,
+    get_elements_by_attribute,
+    InAdvancePagedList,
+    int_or_none,
+    intlist_to_bytes,
+    is_html,
+    js_to_json,
+    limit_length,
+    merge_dicts,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    month_by_name,
+    multipart_encode,
+    ohdave_rsa_encrypt,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
+    orderedSet,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_filesize,
+    parse_count,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_resolution,
+    parse_bitrate,
+    pkcs1pad,
+    read_batch_urls,
+    sanitize_filename,
+    sanitize_path,
+    sanitize_url,
+    expand_path,
+    prepend_extension,
+    replace_extension,
+    remove_start,
+    remove_end,
+    remove_quotes,
+    rot47,
+    shell_quote,
     smuggle_url,
+    str_to_int,
+    strip_jsonp,
+    strip_or_none,
+    subtitles_filename,
+    timeconvert,
+    unescapeHTML,
+    unified_strdate,
+    unified_timestamp,
     unsmuggle_url,
-    shell_quote,
-    encodeFilename,
+    uppercase_escape,
+    lowercase_escape,
+    url_basename,
+    url_or_none,
+    base_url,
+    urljoin,
+    urlencode_postdata,
+    urshift,
+    update_url_query,
+    version_tuple,
+    xpath_with_ns,
+    xpath_element,
+    xpath_text,
+    xpath_attr,
+    render_table,
+    match_str,
+    parse_dfxp_time_expr,
+    dfxp2srt,
+    cli_option,
+    cli_valueless_option,
+    cli_bool_option,
+    parse_codecs,
+)
+from youtube_dl.compat import (
+    compat_chr,
+    compat_etree_fromstring,
+    compat_getenv,
+    compat_os_name,
+    compat_setenv,
+    compat_urlparse,
+    compat_parse_qs,
 )
-
-if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
-    _compat_str = lambda b: b.decode('unicode-escape')
-else:
-    _compat_str = lambda s: s
 
 
 class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -54,11 +136,20 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual('this - that', sanitize_filename('this: that'))
 
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('AT&T'), 'AT&T')
-        aumlaut = _compat_str('\xe4')
+        aumlaut = 'ä'
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(aumlaut), aumlaut)
-        tests = _compat_str('\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430')
+        tests = '\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430'
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(tests), tests)
 
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sanitize_filename('New World record at 0:12:34'),
+            'New World record at 0_12_34')
+
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('--gasdgf'), '_-gasdgf')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('--gasdgf', is_id=True), '--gasdgf')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('.gasdgf'), 'gasdgf')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('.gasdgf', is_id=True), '.gasdgf')
+
         forbidden = '"\0\\/'
         for fc in forbidden:
             for fbc in forbidden:
@@ -78,9 +169,9 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual('yes_no', sanitize_filename('yes? no', restricted=True))
         self.assertEqual('this_-_that', sanitize_filename('this: that', restricted=True))
 
-        tests = _compat_str('a\xe4b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684c')
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(tests, restricted=True), 'a_b_c')
-        self.assertTrue(sanitize_filename(_compat_str('\xf6'), restricted=True) != '')  # No empty filename
+        tests = 'aäb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684c'
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(tests, restricted=True), 'aab_c')
+        self.assertTrue(sanitize_filename('\xf6', restricted=True) != '')  # No empty filename
 
         forbidden = '"\0\\/&!: \'\t\n()[]{}$;`^,#'
         for fc in forbidden:
@@ -88,29 +179,141 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertTrue(fbc not in sanitize_filename(fc, restricted=True))
 
         # Handle a common case more neatly
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(_compat_str('\u5927\u58f0\u5e26 - Song'), restricted=True), 'Song')
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(_compat_str('\u603b\u7edf: Speech'), restricted=True), 'Speech')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('\u5927\u58f0\u5e26 - Song', restricted=True), 'Song')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('\u603b\u7edf: Speech', restricted=True), 'Speech')
         # .. but make sure the file name is never empty
         self.assertTrue(sanitize_filename('-', restricted=True) != '')
         self.assertTrue(sanitize_filename(':', restricted=True) != '')
 
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(
+            'ÂÃÄÀÁÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖŐØŒÙÚÛÜŰÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöőøœùúûüűýþÿ', restricted=True),
+            'AAAAAAAECEEEEIIIIDNOOOOOOOOEUUUUUYTHssaaaaaaaeceeeeiiiionooooooooeuuuuuythy')
+
     def test_sanitize_ids(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('_n_cd26wFpw', is_id=True), '_n_cd26wFpw')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('_BD_eEpuzXw', is_id=True), '_BD_eEpuzXw')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('N0Y__7-UOdI', is_id=True), 'N0Y__7-UOdI')
 
+    def test_sanitize_path(self):
+        if sys.platform != 'win32':
+            return
+
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc/def'), 'abc\\def')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc\\def'), 'abc\\def')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc|def'), 'abc#def')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('<>:"|?*'), '#######')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:/abc/def'), 'C:\\abc\\def')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C?:/abc/def'), 'C##\\abc\\def')
+
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\\\?\\UNC\\ComputerName\\abc'), '\\\\?\\UNC\\ComputerName\\abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\\\?\\UNC/ComputerName/abc'), '\\\\?\\UNC\\ComputerName\\abc')
+
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\\\?\\C:\\abc'), '\\\\?\\C:\\abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\\\?\\C:/abc'), '\\\\?\\C:\\abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\\\?\\C:\\ab?c\\de:f'), '\\\\?\\C:\\ab#c\\de#f')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\\\?\\C:\\abc'), '\\\\?\\C:\\abc')
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sanitize_path('youtube/%(uploader)s/%(autonumber)s-%(title)s-%(upload_date)s.%(ext)s'),
+            'youtube\\%(uploader)s\\%(autonumber)s-%(title)s-%(upload_date)s.%(ext)s')
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sanitize_path('youtube/TheWreckingYard ./00001-Not bad, Especially for Free! (1987 Yamaha 700)-20141116.mp4.part'),
+            'youtube\\TheWreckingYard #\\00001-Not bad, Especially for Free! (1987 Yamaha 700)-20141116.mp4.part')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc/def...'), 'abc\\def..#')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc.../def'), 'abc..#\\def')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc.../def...'), 'abc..#\\def..#')
+
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('../abc'), '..\\abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('../../abc'), '..\\..\\abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./../abc'), '..\\abc')
+
+    def test_sanitize_url(self):
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('//foo.bar'), 'http://foo.bar')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('httpss://foo.bar'), 'https://foo.bar')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('rmtps://foo.bar'), 'rtmps://foo.bar')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('https://foo.bar'), 'https://foo.bar')
+
+    def test_expand_path(self):
+        def env(var):
+            return '%{0}%'.format(var) if sys.platform == 'win32' else '${0}'.format(var)
+
+        compat_setenv('YOUTUBE_DL_EXPATH_PATH', 'expanded')
+        self.assertEqual(expand_path(env('YOUTUBE_DL_EXPATH_PATH')), 'expanded')
+        self.assertEqual(expand_path(env('HOME')), compat_getenv('HOME'))
+        self.assertEqual(expand_path('~'), compat_getenv('HOME'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            expand_path('~/%s' % env('YOUTUBE_DL_EXPATH_PATH')),
+            '%s/expanded' % compat_getenv('HOME'))
+
+    def test_prepend_extension(self):
+        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'temp'), 'abc.temp.ext')
+        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.temp.ext')
+        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.unexpected_ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.unexpected_ext.temp')
+        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc', 'temp'), 'abc.temp')
+        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('.abc', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
+        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('.abc.ext', 'temp'), '.abc.temp.ext')
+
+    def test_replace_extension(self):
+        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.ext', 'temp'), 'abc.temp')
+        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.temp')
+        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.unexpected_ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.unexpected_ext.temp')
+        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc', 'temp'), 'abc.temp')
+        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('.abc', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
+        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('.abc.ext', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
+
+    def test_subtitles_filename(self):
+        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.ext', 'en', 'vtt'), 'abc.en.vtt')
+        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.ext', 'en', 'vtt', 'ext'), 'abc.en.vtt')
+        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.unexpected_ext', 'en', 'vtt', 'ext'), 'abc.unexpected_ext.en.vtt')
+
+    def test_remove_start(self):
+        self.assertEqual(remove_start(None, 'A - '), None)
+        self.assertEqual(remove_start('A - B', 'A - '), 'B')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_start('B - A', 'A - '), 'B - A')
+
+    def test_remove_end(self):
+        self.assertEqual(remove_end(None, ' - B'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(remove_end('A - B', ' - B'), 'A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_end('B - A', ' - B'), 'B - A')
+
+    def test_remove_quotes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(remove_quotes(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(remove_quotes('"'), '"')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_quotes("'"), "'")
+        self.assertEqual(remove_quotes(';'), ';')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_quotes('";'), '";')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_quotes('""'), '')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_quotes('";"'), ';')
+
     def test_ordered_set(self):
         self.assertEqual(orderedSet([1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, 5]), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
         self.assertEqual(orderedSet([]), [])
         self.assertEqual(orderedSet([1]), [1])
-        #keep the list ordered
+        # keep the list ordered
         self.assertEqual(orderedSet([135, 1, 1, 1]), [135, 1])
 
     def test_unescape_html(self):
-        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML(_compat_str('%20;')), _compat_str('%20;'))
-        
+        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('%20;'), '%20;')
+        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&#x2F;'), '/')
+        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&#47;'), '/')
+        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&eacute;'), 'é')
+        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&#2013266066;'), '&#2013266066;')
+        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&a&quot;'), '&a"')
+        # HTML5 entities
+        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&period;&apos;'), '.\'')
+
+    def test_date_from_str(self):
+        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('yesterday'), date_from_str('now-1day'))
+        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('now+7day'), date_from_str('now+1week'))
+        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('now+14day'), date_from_str('now+2week'))
+        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('now+365day'), date_from_str('now+1year'))
+        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('now+30day'), date_from_str('now+1month'))
+
     def test_daterange(self):
-        _20century = DateRange("19000101","20000101")
+        _20century = DateRange("19000101", "20000101")
         self.assertFalse("17890714" in _20century)
         _ac = DateRange("00010101")
         self.assertTrue("19690721" in _ac)
@@ -122,46 +325,140 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('8/7/2009'), '20090708')
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('Dec 14, 2012'), '20121214')
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('2012/10/11 01:56:38 +0000'), '20121011')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('1968 12 10'), '19681210')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('1968-12-10'), '19681210')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('28/01/2014 21:00:00 +0100'), '20140128')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            unified_strdate('11/26/2014 11:30:00 AM PST', day_first=False),
+            '20141126')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            unified_strdate('2/2/2015 6:47:40 PM', day_first=False),
+            '20150202')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('Feb 14th 2016 5:45PM'), '20160214')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('25-09-2014'), '20140925')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('27.02.2016 17:30'), '20160227')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('UNKNOWN DATE FORMAT'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('Feb 7, 2016 at 6:35 pm'), '20160207')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('July 15th, 2013'), '20130715')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('September 1st, 2013'), '20130901')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('Sep 2nd, 2013'), '20130902')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('November 3rd, 2019'), '20191103')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('October 23rd, 2005'), '20051023')
+
+    def test_unified_timestamps(self):
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 21, 2010'), 1292889600)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('8/7/2009'), 1247011200)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Dec 14, 2012'), 1355443200)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('2012/10/11 01:56:38 +0000'), 1349920598)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('1968 12 10'), -33436800)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('1968-12-10'), -33436800)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('28/01/2014 21:00:00 +0100'), 1390939200)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            unified_timestamp('11/26/2014 11:30:00 AM PST', day_first=False),
+            1417001400)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            unified_timestamp('2/2/2015 6:47:40 PM', day_first=False),
+            1422902860)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Feb 14th 2016 5:45PM'), 1455471900)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('25-09-2014'), 1411603200)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('27.02.2016 17:30'), 1456594200)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('UNKNOWN DATE FORMAT'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('May 16, 2016 11:15 PM'), 1463440500)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Feb 7, 2016 at 6:35 pm'), 1454870100)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('2017-03-30T17:52:41Q'), 1490896361)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Sep 11, 2013 | 5:49 AM'), 1378878540)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 15, 2017 at 7:49 am'), 1513324140)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('2018-03-14T08:32:43.1493874+00:00'), 1521016363)
+
+    def test_determine_ext(self):
+        self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar.mp4/?download'), 'mp4')
+        self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar/?download', None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar.nonext/?download', None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar/mp4?download', None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar.m3u8//?download'), 'm3u8')
+        self.assertEqual(determine_ext('foobar', None), None)
 
     def test_find_xpath_attr(self):
-        testxml = u'''<root>
+        testxml = '''<root>
             <node/>
             <node x="a"/>
             <node x="a" y="c" />
             <node x="b" y="d" />
+            <node x="" />
         </root>'''
-        doc = xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstring(testxml)
+        doc = compat_etree_fromstring(testxml)
 
+        self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/fourohfour', 'n'), None)
         self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/fourohfour', 'n', 'v'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'n'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'n', 'v'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'x'), doc[1])
         self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'x', 'a'), doc[1])
+        self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'x', 'b'), doc[3])
+        self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'y'), doc[2])
         self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'y', 'c'), doc[2])
-
-    def test_meta_parser(self):
-        testhtml = u'''
-        <head>
-            <meta name="description" content="foo &amp; bar">
-            <meta content='Plato' name='author'/>
-        </head>
-        '''
-        get_meta = lambda name: get_meta_content(name, testhtml)
-        self.assertEqual(get_meta('description'), u'foo & bar')
-        self.assertEqual(get_meta('author'), 'Plato')
+        self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'y', 'd'), doc[3])
+        self.assertEqual(find_xpath_attr(doc, './/node', 'x', ''), doc[4])
 
     def test_xpath_with_ns(self):
-        testxml = u'''<root xmlns:media="http://example.com/">
+        testxml = '''<root xmlns:media="http://example.com/">
             <media:song>
                 <media:author>The Author</media:author>
                 <url>http://server.com/download.mp3</url>
             </media:song>
         </root>'''
-        doc = xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstring(testxml)
+        doc = compat_etree_fromstring(testxml)
         find = lambda p: doc.find(xpath_with_ns(p, {'media': 'http://example.com/'}))
         self.assertTrue(find('media:song') is not None)
-        self.assertEqual(find('media:song/media:author').text, u'The Author')
-        self.assertEqual(find('media:song/url').text, u'http://server.com/download.mp3')
+        self.assertEqual(find('media:song/media:author').text, 'The Author')
+        self.assertEqual(find('media:song/url').text, 'http://server.com/download.mp3')
+
+    def test_xpath_element(self):
+        doc = xml.etree.ElementTree.Element('root')
+        div = xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement(doc, 'div')
+        p = xml.etree.ElementTree.SubElement(div, 'p')
+        p.text = 'Foo'
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_element(doc, 'div/p'), p)
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_element(doc, ['div/p']), p)
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_element(doc, ['div/bar', 'div/p']), p)
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_element(doc, 'div/bar', default='default'), 'default')
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_element(doc, ['div/bar'], default='default'), 'default')
+        self.assertTrue(xpath_element(doc, 'div/bar') is None)
+        self.assertTrue(xpath_element(doc, ['div/bar']) is None)
+        self.assertTrue(xpath_element(doc, ['div/bar'], 'div/baz') is None)
+        self.assertRaises(ExtractorError, xpath_element, doc, 'div/bar', fatal=True)
+        self.assertRaises(ExtractorError, xpath_element, doc, ['div/bar'], fatal=True)
+        self.assertRaises(ExtractorError, xpath_element, doc, ['div/bar', 'div/baz'], fatal=True)
+
+    def test_xpath_text(self):
+        testxml = '''<root>
+            <div>
+                <p>Foo</p>
+            </div>
+        </root>'''
+        doc = compat_etree_fromstring(testxml)
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_text(doc, 'div/p'), 'Foo')
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_text(doc, 'div/bar', default='default'), 'default')
+        self.assertTrue(xpath_text(doc, 'div/bar') is None)
+        self.assertRaises(ExtractorError, xpath_text, doc, 'div/bar', fatal=True)
+
+    def test_xpath_attr(self):
+        testxml = '''<root>
+            <div>
+                <p x="a">Foo</p>
+            </div>
+        </root>'''
+        doc = compat_etree_fromstring(testxml)
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_attr(doc, 'div/p', 'x'), 'a')
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_attr(doc, 'div/bar', 'x'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_attr(doc, 'div/p', 'y'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_attr(doc, 'div/bar', 'x', default='default'), 'default')
+        self.assertEqual(xpath_attr(doc, 'div/p', 'y', default='default'), 'default')
+        self.assertRaises(ExtractorError, xpath_attr, doc, 'div/bar', 'x', fatal=True)
+        self.assertRaises(ExtractorError, xpath_attr, doc, 'div/p', 'y', fatal=True)
 
     def test_smuggle_url(self):
-        data = {u"ö": u"ö", u"abc": [3]}
+        data = {"ö": "ö", "abc": [3]}
         url = 'https://foo.bar/baz?x=y#a'
         smug_url = smuggle_url(url, data)
         unsmug_url, unsmug_data = unsmuggle_url(smug_url)
@@ -172,9 +469,971 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res_url, url)
         self.assertEqual(res_data, None)
 
+        smug_url = smuggle_url(url, {'a': 'b'})
+        smug_smug_url = smuggle_url(smug_url, {'c': 'd'})
+        res_url, res_data = unsmuggle_url(smug_smug_url)
+        self.assertEqual(res_url, url)
+        self.assertEqual(res_data, {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'})
+
     def test_shell_quote(self):
-        args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', encodeFilename(u'ñ€ß\'.mp4')]
-        self.assertEqual(shell_quote(args), u"""ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""")
+        args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', encodeFilename('ñ€ß\'.mp4')]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            shell_quote(args),
+            """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""" if compat_os_name != 'nt' else '''ffmpeg -i "ñ€ß'.mp4"''')
+
+    def test_float_or_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none('42.42'), 42.42)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none('42'), 42.0)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none([]), None)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none(set()), None)
+
+    def test_int_or_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none('42'), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none([]), None)
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none(set()), None)
+
+    def test_str_to_int(self):
+        self.assertEqual(str_to_int('123,456'), 123456)
+        self.assertEqual(str_to_int('123.456'), 123456)
+        self.assertEqual(str_to_int(523), 523)
+        # Python 3 has no long
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
+            eval('self.assertEqual(str_to_int(123456L), 123456)')
+        self.assertEqual(str_to_int('noninteger'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(str_to_int([]), None)
+
+    def test_url_basename(self):
+        self.assertEqual(url_basename('http://foo.de/'), '')
+        self.assertEqual(url_basename('http://foo.de/bar/baz'), 'baz')
+        self.assertEqual(url_basename('http://foo.de/bar/baz?x=y'), 'baz')
+        self.assertEqual(url_basename('http://foo.de/bar/baz#x=y'), 'baz')
+        self.assertEqual(url_basename('http://foo.de/bar/baz/'), 'baz')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            url_basename('http://media.w3.org/2010/05/sintel/trailer.mp4'),
+            'trailer.mp4')
+
+    def test_base_url(self):
+        self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/'), 'http://foo.de/')
+        self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/bar'), 'http://foo.de/')
+        self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/bar/'), 'http://foo.de/bar/')
+        self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/bar/baz'), 'http://foo.de/bar/')
+        self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/bar/baz?x=z/x/c'), 'http://foo.de/bar/')
+
+    def test_urljoin(self):
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', '/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(b'http://foo.de/', '/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', b'/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(b'http://foo.de/', b'/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('//foo.de/', '/a/b/c.txt'), '//foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', 'a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de', '/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de', 'a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', '//foo.de/a/b/c.txt'), '//foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(None, 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(None, '//foo.de/a/b/c.txt'), '//foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('', 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(['foobar'], 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', ''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', ['foobar']), None)
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt', '.././../d.txt'), 'http://foo.de/d.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt', 'rtmp://foo.de'), 'rtmp://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(None, 'rtmp://foo.de'), 'rtmp://foo.de')
+
+    def test_url_or_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('foo'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('http://foo.de'), 'http://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('https://foo.de'), 'https://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('http$://foo.de'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('http://foo.de'), 'http://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('//foo.de'), '//foo.de')
+
+    def test_parse_age_limit(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit(False), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('invalid'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit(0), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit(18), 18)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit(21), 21)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit(22), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('18'), 18)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('18+'), 18)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('PG-13'), 13)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('TV-14'), 14)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('TV-MA'), 17)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('TV14'), 14)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('TV_G'), 0)
+
+    def test_parse_duration(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration(False), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('invalid'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('1'), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('1337:12'), 80232)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('9:12:43'), 33163)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('12:00'), 720)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('00:01:01'), 61)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('x:y'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3h11m53s'), 11513)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3h 11m 53s'), 11513)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3 hours 11 minutes 53 seconds'), 11513)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3 hours 11 mins 53 secs'), 11513)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('62m45s'), 3765)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('6m59s'), 419)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('49s'), 49)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('0h0m0s'), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('0m0s'), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('0s'), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('01:02:03.05'), 3723.05)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('T30M38S'), 1838)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('5 s'), 5)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3 min'), 180)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('2.5 hours'), 9000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('02:03:04'), 7384)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('01:02:03:04'), 93784)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('1 hour 3 minutes'), 3780)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('87 Min.'), 5220)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('PT1H0.040S'), 3600.04)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('PT00H03M30SZ'), 210)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('P0Y0M0DT0H4M20.880S'), 260.88)
+
+    def test_fix_xml_ampersands(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            fix_xml_ampersands('"&x=y&z=a'), '"&amp;x=y&amp;z=a')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            fix_xml_ampersands('"&amp;x=y&wrong;&z=a'),
+            '"&amp;x=y&amp;wrong;&amp;z=a')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            fix_xml_ampersands('&amp;&apos;&gt;&lt;&quot;'),
+            '&amp;&apos;&gt;&lt;&quot;')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            fix_xml_ampersands('&#1234;&#x1abC;'), '&#1234;&#x1abC;')
+        self.assertEqual(fix_xml_ampersands('&#&#'), '&amp;#&amp;#')
+
+    def test_paged_list(self):
+        def testPL(size, pagesize, sliceargs, expected):
+            def get_page(pagenum):
+                firstid = pagenum * pagesize
+                upto = min(size, pagenum * pagesize + pagesize)
+                for i in range(firstid, upto):
+                    yield i
+
+            pl = OnDemandPagedList(get_page, pagesize)
+            got = pl.getslice(*sliceargs)
+            self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
+            iapl = InAdvancePagedList(get_page, size // pagesize + 1, pagesize)
+            got = iapl.getslice(*sliceargs)
+            self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
+        testPL(5, 2, (), [0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
+        testPL(5, 2, (1,), [1, 2, 3, 4])
+        testPL(5, 2, (2,), [2, 3, 4])
+        testPL(5, 2, (4,), [4])
+        testPL(5, 2, (0, 3), [0, 1, 2])
+        testPL(5, 2, (1, 4), [1, 2, 3])
+        testPL(5, 2, (2, 99), [2, 3, 4])
+        testPL(5, 2, (20, 99), [])
+
+    def test_read_batch_urls(self):
+        f = io.StringIO('''\xef\xbb\xbf foo
+            bar\r
+            baz
+            # More after this line\r
+            ; or after this
+            bam''')
+        self.assertEqual(read_batch_urls(f), ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'bam'])
+
+    def test_urlencode_postdata(self):
+        data = urlencode_postdata({'username': 'foo@bar.com', 'password': '1234'})
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(data, bytes))
+
+    def test_update_url_query(self):
+        def query_dict(url):
+            return compat_parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path', {'quality': ['HD'], 'format': ['mp4']})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?quality=HD&format=mp4'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path', {'system': ['LINUX', 'WINDOWS']})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?system=LINUX&system=WINDOWS'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path', {'fields': 'id,formats,subtitles'})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path', {'fields': ('id,formats,subtitles', 'thumbnails')})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles&fields=thumbnails'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path?manifest=f4m', {'manifest': []})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path?system=LINUX&system=WINDOWS', {'system': 'LINUX'})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?system=LINUX'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path', {'fields': b'id,formats,subtitles'})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path', {'width': 1080, 'height': 720})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?width=1080&height=720'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path', {'bitrate': 5020.43})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?bitrate=5020.43'))
+        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            'http://example.com/path', {'test': '第二行тест'})),
+            query_dict('http://example.com/path?test=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%A1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82'))
+
+    def test_multipart_encode(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            multipart_encode({b'field': b'value'}, boundary='AAAAAA')[0],
+            b'--AAAAAA\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="field"\r\n\r\nvalue\r\n--AAAAAA--\r\n')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            multipart_encode({'欄位'.encode('utf-8'): '值'.encode('utf-8')}, boundary='AAAAAA')[0],
+            b'--AAAAAA\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="\xe6\xac\x84\xe4\xbd\x8d"\r\n\r\n\xe5\x80\xbc\r\n--AAAAAA--\r\n')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, multipart_encode, {b'field': b'value'}, boundary='value')
+
+    def test_dict_get(self):
+        FALSE_VALUES = {
+            'none': None,
+            'false': False,
+            'zero': 0,
+            'empty_string': '',
+            'empty_list': [],
+        }
+        d = FALSE_VALUES.copy()
+        d['a'] = 42
+        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, 'a'), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, 'b'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, 'b', 42), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('a', )), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'a', )), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', 'a', 'd', )), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', )), None)
+        self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', ), 42), 42)
+        for key, false_value in FALSE_VALUES.items():
+            self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', key, )), None)
+            self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', key, ), skip_false_values=False), false_value)
+
+    def test_merge_dicts(self):
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'b': 2}), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'a': 2}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'a': None}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'a': ''}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': None}, {'a': 1}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': ''}, {'a': 1}), {'a': ''})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': ''}, {'a': 'abc'}), {'a': 'abc'})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': None}, {'a': ''}, {'a': 'abc'}), {'a': 'abc'})
+
+    def test_encode_compat_str(self):
+        self.assertEqual(encode_compat_str(b'\xd1\x82\xd0\xb5\xd1\x81\xd1\x82', 'utf-8'), 'тест')
+        self.assertEqual(encode_compat_str('тест', 'utf-8'), 'тест')
+
+    def test_parse_iso8601(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T23:04:26+0100'), 1395612266)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T22:04:26+0000'), 1395612266)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T22:04:26Z'), 1395612266)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T22:04:26.1234Z'), 1395612266)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2015-09-29T08:27:31.727'), 1443515251)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2015-09-29T08-27-31.727'), None)
+
+    def test_strip_jsonp(self):
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('cb ([ {"id":"532cb",\n\n\n"x":\n3}\n]\n);')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, [{"id": "532cb", "x": 3}])
+
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('parseMetadata({"STATUS":"OK"})\n\n\n//epc')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'STATUS': 'OK'})
+
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('ps.embedHandler({"status": "success"});')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'status': 'success'})
+
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('window.cb && window.cb({"status": "success"});')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'status': 'success'})
+
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('window.cb && cb({"status": "success"});')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'status': 'success'})
+
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('({"status": "success"});')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'status': 'success'})
+
+    def test_strip_or_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(' abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none('abc '), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(' abc '), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none('\tabc\t'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none('\n\tabc\n\t'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none('abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(''), '')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(42), None)
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none([]), None)
+
+    def test_uppercase_escape(self):
+        self.assertEqual(uppercase_escape('aä'), 'aä')
+        self.assertEqual(uppercase_escape('\\U0001d550'), '𝕐')
+
+    def test_lowercase_escape(self):
+        self.assertEqual(lowercase_escape('aä'), 'aä')
+        self.assertEqual(lowercase_escape('\\u0026'), '&')
+
+    def test_limit_length(self):
+        self.assertEqual(limit_length(None, 12), None)
+        self.assertEqual(limit_length('foo', 12), 'foo')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            limit_length('foo bar baz asd', 12).startswith('foo bar'))
+        self.assertTrue('...' in limit_length('foo bar baz asd', 12))
+
+    def test_mimetype2ext(self):
+        self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('video/x-flv'), 'flv')
+        self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('application/x-mpegURL'), 'm3u8')
+        self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('text/vtt'), 'vtt')
+        self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('text/vtt;charset=utf-8'), 'vtt')
+        self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('text/html; charset=utf-8'), 'html')
+
+    def test_month_by_name(self):
+        self.assertEqual(month_by_name(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(month_by_name('December', 'en'), 12)
+        self.assertEqual(month_by_name('décembre', 'fr'), 12)
+        self.assertEqual(month_by_name('December'), 12)
+        self.assertEqual(month_by_name('décembre'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(month_by_name('Unknown', 'unknown'), None)
+
+    def test_parse_codecs(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs(''), {})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('avc1.77.30, mp4a.40.2'), {
+            'vcodec': 'avc1.77.30',
+            'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('mp4a.40.2'), {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('mp4a.40.5,avc1.42001e'), {
+            'vcodec': 'avc1.42001e',
+            'acodec': 'mp4a.40.5',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('avc3.640028'), {
+            'vcodec': 'avc3.640028',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs(', h264,,newcodec,aac'), {
+            'vcodec': 'h264',
+            'acodec': 'aac',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('av01.0.05M.08'), {
+            'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('theora, vorbis'), {
+            'vcodec': 'theora',
+            'acodec': 'vorbis',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('unknownvcodec, unknownacodec'), {
+            'vcodec': 'unknownvcodec',
+            'acodec': 'unknownacodec',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('unknown'), {})
+
+    def test_escape_rfc3986(self):
+        reserved = "!*'();:@&=+$,/?#[]"
+        unreserved = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_.~'
+        self.assertEqual(escape_rfc3986(reserved), reserved)
+        self.assertEqual(escape_rfc3986(unreserved), unreserved)
+        self.assertEqual(escape_rfc3986('тест'), '%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82')
+        self.assertEqual(escape_rfc3986('%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82'), '%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82')
+        self.assertEqual(escape_rfc3986('foo bar'), 'foo%20bar')
+        self.assertEqual(escape_rfc3986('foo%20bar'), 'foo%20bar')
+
+    def test_escape_url(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            escape_url('http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavré_FD.mp4'),
+            'http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavre%CC%81_FD.mp4'
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            escape_url('http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erklärt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'),
+            'http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erkl%C3%A4rt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            escape_url('http://тест.рф/фрагмент'),
+            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82'
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            escape_url('http://тест.рф/абв?абв=абв#абв'),
+            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2?%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2=%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2#%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2'
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(escape_url('http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0'), 'http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0')
+
+    def test_js_to_json_realworld(self):
+        inp = '''{
+            'clip':{'provider':'pseudo'}
+        }'''
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''{
+            "clip":{"provider":"pseudo"}
+        }''')
+        json.loads(js_to_json(inp))
+
+        inp = '''{
+            'playlist':[{'controls':{'all':null}}]
+        }'''
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''{
+            "playlist":[{"controls":{"all":null}}]
+        }''')
+
+        inp = '''"The CW\\'s \\'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\\'"'''
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''"The CW's 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend'"''')
+
+        inp = '"SAND Number: SAND 2013-7800P\\nPresenter: Tom Russo\\nHabanero Software Training - Xyce Software\\nXyce, Sandia\\u0027s"'
+        json_code = js_to_json(inp)
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(json_code), json.loads(inp))
+
+        inp = '''{
+            0:{src:'skipped', type: 'application/dash+xml'},
+            1:{src:'skipped', type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegURL'},
+        }'''
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''{
+            "0":{"src":"skipped", "type": "application/dash+xml"},
+            "1":{"src":"skipped", "type": "application/vnd.apple.mpegURL"}
+        }''')
+
+        inp = '''{"foo":101}'''
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''{"foo":101}''')
+
+        inp = '''{"duration": "00:01:07"}'''
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''{"duration": "00:01:07"}''')
+
+        inp = '''{segments: [{"offset":-3.885780586188048e-16,"duration":39.75000000000001}]}'''
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''{"segments": [{"offset":-3.885780586188048e-16,"duration":39.75000000000001}]}''')
+
+    def test_js_to_json_edgecases(self):
+        on = js_to_json("{abc_def:'1\\'\\\\2\\\\\\'3\"4'}")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {"abc_def": "1'\\2\\'3\"4"})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{"abc": true}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc': True})
+
+        # Ignore JavaScript code as well
+        on = js_to_json('''{
+            "x": 1,
+            y: "a",
+            z: some.code
+        }''')
+        d = json.loads(on)
+        self.assertEqual(d['x'], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(d['y'], 'a')
+
+        on = js_to_json('["abc", "def",]')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['abc', 'def'])
+
+        on = js_to_json('[/*comment\n*/"abc"/*comment\n*/,/*comment\n*/"def",/*comment\n*/]')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['abc', 'def'])
+
+        on = js_to_json('[//comment\n"abc" //comment\n,//comment\n"def",//comment\n]')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['abc', 'def'])
+
+        on = js_to_json('{"abc": "def",}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc': 'def'})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{/*comment\n*/"abc"/*comment\n*/:/*comment\n*/"def"/*comment\n*/,/*comment\n*/}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc': 'def'})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{ 0: /* " \n */ ",]" , }')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'0': ',]'})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{ /*comment\n*/0/*comment\n*/: /* " \n */ ",]" , }')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'0': ',]'})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{ 0: // comment\n1 }')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'0': 1})
+
+        on = js_to_json(r'["<p>x<\/p>"]')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['<p>x</p>'])
+
+        on = js_to_json(r'["\xaa"]')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['\u00aa'])
+
+        on = js_to_json("['a\\\nb']")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['ab'])
+
+        on = js_to_json("/*comment\n*/[/*comment\n*/'a\\\nb'/*comment\n*/]/*comment\n*/")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['ab'])
+
+        on = js_to_json('{0xff:0xff}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'255': 255})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{/*comment\n*/0xff/*comment\n*/:/*comment\n*/0xff/*comment\n*/}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'255': 255})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{077:077}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'63': 63})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{/*comment\n*/077/*comment\n*/:/*comment\n*/077/*comment\n*/}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'63': 63})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{42:42}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'42': 42})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{/*comment\n*/42/*comment\n*/:/*comment\n*/42/*comment\n*/}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'42': 42})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{42:4.2e1}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'42': 42.0})
+
+    def test_js_to_json_malformed(self):
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('42a1'), '42"a1"')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('42a-1'), '42"a"-1')
+
+    def test_extract_attributes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="y">'), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes("<e x='y'>"), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x=y>'), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="a \'b\' c">'), {'x': "a 'b' c"})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x=\'a "b" c\'>'), {'x': 'a "b" c'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="&#121;">'), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="&#x79;">'), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="&amp;">'), {'x': '&'})  # XML
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="&quot;">'), {'x': '"'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="&pound;">'), {'x': '£'})  # HTML 3.2
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="&lambda;">'), {'x': 'λ'})  # HTML 4.0
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="&foo">'), {'x': '&foo'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="\'">'), {'x': "'"})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x=\'"\'>'), {'x': '"'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x >'), {'x': None})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x=y a>'), {'x': 'y', 'a': None})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x= y>'), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x=1 y=2 x=3>'), {'y': '2', 'x': '3'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e \nx=\ny\n>'), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e \nx=\n"y"\n>'), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes("<e \nx=\n'y'\n>"), {'x': 'y'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e \nx="\ny\n">'), {'x': '\ny\n'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e CAPS=x>'), {'caps': 'x'})  # Names lowercased
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x=1 X=2>'), {'x': '2'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e X=1 x=2>'), {'x': '2'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e _:funny-name1=1>'), {'_:funny-name1': '1'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="Fáilte 世界 \U0001f600">'), {'x': 'Fáilte 世界 \U0001f600'})
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="décompose&#769;">'), {'x': 'décompose\u0301'})
+        # "Narrow" Python builds don't support unicode code points outside BMP.
+        try:
+            compat_chr(0x10000)
+            supports_outside_bmp = True
+        except ValueError:
+            supports_outside_bmp = False
+        if supports_outside_bmp:
+            self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="Smile &#128512;!">'), {'x': 'Smile \U0001f600!'})
+        # Malformed HTML should not break attributes extraction on older Python
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<mal"formed/>'), {})
+
+    def test_clean_html(self):
+        self.assertEqual(clean_html('a:\nb'), 'a: b')
+        self.assertEqual(clean_html('a:\n   "b"'), 'a:    "b"')
+        self.assertEqual(clean_html('a<br>\xa0b'), 'a\nb')
+
+    def test_intlist_to_bytes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            intlist_to_bytes([0, 1, 127, 128, 255]),
+            b'\x00\x01\x7f\x80\xff')
+
+    def test_args_to_str(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            args_to_str(['foo', 'ba/r', '-baz', '2 be', '']),
+            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""'
+        )
+
+    def test_parse_filesize(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('91 B'), 91)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('foobar'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('2 MiB'), 2097152)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('5 GB'), 5000000000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('1.2Tb'), 1200000000000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('1.2tb'), 1200000000000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('1,24 KB'), 1240)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('1,24 kb'), 1240)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_filesize('8.5 megabytes'), 8500000)
+
+    def test_parse_count(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('0'), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1000'), 1000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.000'), 1000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1k'), 1100)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1kk'), 1100000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1kk '), 1100000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1kk views'), 1100000)
+
+    def test_parse_resolution(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution(None), {})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution(''), {})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('1920x1080'), {'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('1920×1080'), {'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('1920 x 1080'), {'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('720p'), {'height': 720})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('4k'), {'height': 2160})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('8K'), {'height': 4320})
+
+    def test_parse_bitrate(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate('300kbps'), 300)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate('1500kbps'), 1500)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate('300 kbps'), 300)
+
+    def test_version_tuple(self):
+        self.assertEqual(version_tuple('1'), (1,))
+        self.assertEqual(version_tuple('10.23.344'), (10, 23, 344))
+        self.assertEqual(version_tuple('10.1-6'), (10, 1, 6))  # avconv style
+
+    def test_detect_exe_version(self):
+        self.assertEqual(detect_exe_version('''ffmpeg version 1.2.1
+built on May 27 2013 08:37:26 with gcc 4.7 (Debian 4.7.3-4)
+configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-'''), '1.2.1')
+        self.assertEqual(detect_exe_version('''ffmpeg version N-63176-g1fb4685
+built on May 15 2014 22:09:06 with gcc 4.8.2 (GCC)'''), 'N-63176-g1fb4685')
+        self.assertEqual(detect_exe_version('''X server found. dri2 connection failed!
+Trying to open render node...
+Success at /dev/dri/renderD128.
+ffmpeg version 2.4.4 Copyright (c) 2000-2014 the FFmpeg ...'''), '2.4.4')
+
+    def test_age_restricted(self):
+        self.assertFalse(age_restricted(None, 10))  # unrestricted content
+        self.assertFalse(age_restricted(1, None))  # unrestricted policy
+        self.assertFalse(age_restricted(8, 10))
+        self.assertTrue(age_restricted(18, 14))
+        self.assertFalse(age_restricted(18, 18))
+
+    def test_is_html(self):
+        self.assertFalse(is_html(b'\x49\x44\x43<html'))
+        self.assertTrue(is_html(b'<!DOCTYPE foo>\xaaa'))
+        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-8 with BOM
+            b'\xef\xbb\xbf<!DOCTYPE foo>\xaaa'))
+        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-16-LE
+            b'\xff\xfe<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4\x00'
+        ))
+        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-16-BE
+            b'\xfe\xff\x00<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4'
+        ))
+        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-32-BE
+            b'\x00\x00\xFE\xFF\x00\x00\x00<\x00\x00\x00h\x00\x00\x00t\x00\x00\x00m\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00>\x00\x00\x00\xe4'))
+        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-32-LE
+            b'\xFF\xFE\x00\x00<\x00\x00\x00h\x00\x00\x00t\x00\x00\x00m\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00>\x00\x00\x00\xe4\x00\x00\x00'))
+
+    def test_render_table(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            render_table(
+                ['a', 'bcd'],
+                [[123, 4], [9999, 51]]),
+            'a    bcd\n'
+            '123  4\n'
+            '9999 51')
+
+    def test_match_str(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, match_str, 'xy>foobar', {})
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('xy', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('!xy', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('x', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('!x', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('x', {'x': 0}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('x>0', {'x': 0}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('x>0', {}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('x>?0', {}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('x>1K', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('x>2K', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('x>=1200 & x < 1300', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('x>=1100 & x < 1200', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('y=a212', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('y=foobar42', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('y!=foobar42', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('y!=foobar2', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str(
+            'like_count > 100 & dislike_count <? 50 & description',
+            {'like_count': 90, 'description': 'foo'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(
+            'like_count > 100 & dislike_count <? 50 & description',
+            {'like_count': 190, 'description': 'foo'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str(
+            'like_count > 100 & dislike_count <? 50 & description',
+            {'like_count': 190, 'dislike_count': 60, 'description': 'foo'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str(
+            'like_count > 100 & dislike_count <? 50 & description',
+            {'like_count': 190, 'dislike_count': 10}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('is_live', {'is_live': True}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('is_live', {'is_live': False}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('is_live', {'is_live': None}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('is_live', {}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('!is_live', {'is_live': True}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('!is_live', {'is_live': False}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('!is_live', {'is_live': None}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('!is_live', {}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('title', {'title': 'abc'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('title', {'title': ''}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('!title', {'title': 'abc'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('!title', {'title': ''}))
+
+    def test_parse_dfxp_time_expr(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr('0.1'), 0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr('0.1s'), 0.1)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr('00:00:01'), 1.0)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr('00:00:01.100'), 1.1)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr('00:00:01:100'), 1.1)
+
+    def test_dfxp2srt(self):
+        dfxp_data = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+            <tt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en" xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
+            <body>
+                <div xml:lang="en">
+                    <p begin="0" end="1">The following line contains Chinese characters and special symbols</p>
+                    <p begin="1" end="2">第二行<br/>♪♪</p>
+                    <p begin="2" dur="1"><span>Third<br/>Line</span></p>
+                    <p begin="3" end="-1">Lines with invalid timestamps are ignored</p>
+                    <p begin="-1" end="-1">Ignore, two</p>
+                    <p begin="3" dur="-1">Ignored, three</p>
+                </div>
+            </body>
+            </tt>'''.encode('utf-8')
+        srt_data = '''1
+00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,000
+The following line contains Chinese characters and special symbols
+
+2
+00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:02,000
+第二行
+♪♪
+
+3
+00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:03,000
+Third
+Line
+
+'''
+        self.assertEqual(dfxp2srt(dfxp_data), srt_data)
+
+        dfxp_data_no_default_namespace = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+            <tt xml:lang="en" xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
+            <body>
+                <div xml:lang="en">
+                    <p begin="0" end="1">The first line</p>
+                </div>
+            </body>
+            </tt>'''.encode('utf-8')
+        srt_data = '''1
+00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,000
+The first line
+
+'''
+        self.assertEqual(dfxp2srt(dfxp_data_no_default_namespace), srt_data)
+
+        dfxp_data_with_style = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<tt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1" xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1#parameter" ttp:timeBase="media" xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1#style" xml:lang="en" xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1#metadata">
+  <head>
+    <styling>
+      <style id="s2" style="s0" tts:color="cyan" tts:fontWeight="bold" />
+      <style id="s1" style="s0" tts:color="yellow" tts:fontStyle="italic" />
+      <style id="s3" style="s0" tts:color="lime" tts:textDecoration="underline" />
+      <style id="s0" tts:backgroundColor="black" tts:fontStyle="normal" tts:fontSize="16" tts:fontFamily="sansSerif" tts:color="white" />
+    </styling>
+  </head>
+  <body tts:textAlign="center" style="s0">
+    <div>
+      <p begin="00:00:02.08" id="p0" end="00:00:05.84">default style<span tts:color="red">custom style</span></p>
+      <p style="s2" begin="00:00:02.08" id="p0" end="00:00:05.84"><span tts:color="lime">part 1<br /></span><span tts:color="cyan">part 2</span></p>
+      <p style="s3" begin="00:00:05.84" id="p1" end="00:00:09.56">line 3<br />part 3</p>
+      <p style="s1" tts:textDecoration="underline" begin="00:00:09.56" id="p2" end="00:00:12.36"><span style="s2" tts:color="lime">inner<br /> </span>style</p>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</tt>'''.encode('utf-8')
+        srt_data = '''1
+00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:05,839
+<font color="white" face="sansSerif" size="16">default style<font color="red">custom style</font></font>
+
+2
+00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:05,839
+<b><font color="cyan" face="sansSerif" size="16"><font color="lime">part 1
+</font>part 2</font></b>
+
+3
+00:00:05,839 --> 00:00:09,560
+<u><font color="lime">line 3
+part 3</font></u>
+
+4
+00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:12,359
+<i><u><font color="yellow"><font color="lime">inner
+ </font>style</font></u></i>
+
+'''
+        self.assertEqual(dfxp2srt(dfxp_data_with_style), srt_data)
+
+        dfxp_data_non_utf8 = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16"?>
+            <tt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en" xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
+            <body>
+                <div xml:lang="en">
+                    <p begin="0" end="1">Line 1</p>
+                    <p begin="1" end="2">第二行</p>
+                </div>
+            </body>
+            </tt>'''.encode('utf-16')
+        srt_data = '''1
+00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,000
+Line 1
+
+2
+00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:02,000
+第二行
+
+'''
+        self.assertEqual(dfxp2srt(dfxp_data_non_utf8), srt_data)
+
+    def test_cli_option(self):
+        self.assertEqual(cli_option({'proxy': '127.0.0.1:3128'}, '--proxy', 'proxy'), ['--proxy', '127.0.0.1:3128'])
+        self.assertEqual(cli_option({'proxy': None}, '--proxy', 'proxy'), [])
+        self.assertEqual(cli_option({}, '--proxy', 'proxy'), [])
+        self.assertEqual(cli_option({'retries': 10}, '--retries', 'retries'), ['--retries', '10'])
+
+    def test_cli_valueless_option(self):
+        self.assertEqual(cli_valueless_option(
+            {'downloader': 'external'}, '--external-downloader', 'downloader', 'external'), ['--external-downloader'])
+        self.assertEqual(cli_valueless_option(
+            {'downloader': 'internal'}, '--external-downloader', 'downloader', 'external'), [])
+        self.assertEqual(cli_valueless_option(
+            {'nocheckcertificate': True}, '--no-check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate'), ['--no-check-certificate'])
+        self.assertEqual(cli_valueless_option(
+            {'nocheckcertificate': False}, '--no-check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate'), [])
+        self.assertEqual(cli_valueless_option(
+            {'checkcertificate': True}, '--no-check-certificate', 'checkcertificate', False), [])
+        self.assertEqual(cli_valueless_option(
+            {'checkcertificate': False}, '--no-check-certificate', 'checkcertificate', False), ['--no-check-certificate'])
+
+    def test_cli_bool_option(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cli_bool_option(
+                {'nocheckcertificate': True}, '--no-check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate'),
+            ['--no-check-certificate', 'true'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cli_bool_option(
+                {'nocheckcertificate': True}, '--no-check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', separator='='),
+            ['--no-check-certificate=true'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cli_bool_option(
+                {'nocheckcertificate': True}, '--check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', 'false', 'true'),
+            ['--check-certificate', 'false'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cli_bool_option(
+                {'nocheckcertificate': True}, '--check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', 'false', 'true', '='),
+            ['--check-certificate=false'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cli_bool_option(
+                {'nocheckcertificate': False}, '--check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', 'false', 'true'),
+            ['--check-certificate', 'true'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cli_bool_option(
+                {'nocheckcertificate': False}, '--check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', 'false', 'true', '='),
+            ['--check-certificate=true'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cli_bool_option(
+                {}, '--check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', 'false', 'true', '='),
+            [])
+
+    def test_ohdave_rsa_encrypt(self):
+        N = 0xab86b6371b5318aaa1d3c9e612a9f1264f372323c8c0f19875b5fc3b3fd3afcc1e5bec527aa94bfa85bffc157e4245aebda05389a5357b75115ac94f074aefcd
+        e = 65537
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ohdave_rsa_encrypt(b'aa111222', e, N),
+            '726664bd9a23fd0c70f9f1b84aab5e3905ce1e45a584e9cbcf9bcc7510338fc1986d6c599ff990d923aa43c51c0d9013cd572e13bc58f4ae48f2ed8c0b0ba881')
+
+    def test_pkcs1pad(self):
+        data = [1, 2, 3]
+        padded_data = pkcs1pad(data, 32)
+        self.assertEqual(padded_data[:2], [0, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(padded_data[28:], [0, 1, 2, 3])
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pkcs1pad, data, 8)
+
+    def test_encode_base_n(self):
+        self.assertEqual(encode_base_n(0, 30), '0')
+        self.assertEqual(encode_base_n(80, 30), '2k')
+
+        custom_table = '9876543210ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA'
+        self.assertEqual(encode_base_n(0, 30, custom_table), '9')
+        self.assertEqual(encode_base_n(80, 30, custom_table), '7P')
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, encode_base_n, 0, 70)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, encode_base_n, 0, 60, custom_table)
+
+    def test_caesar(self):
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('ace', 'abcdef', 2), 'cea')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('cea', 'abcdef', -2), 'ace')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('ace', 'abcdef', -2), 'eac')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('eac', 'abcdef', 2), 'ace')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('ace', 'abcdef', 0), 'ace')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('xyz', 'abcdef', 2), 'xyz')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('abc', 'acegik', 2), 'ebg')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('ebg', 'acegik', -2), 'abc')
+
+    def test_rot47(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rot47('youtube-dl'), r'J@FEF36\5=')
+        self.assertEqual(rot47('YOUTUBE-DL'), r'*~&%&qt\s{')
+
+    def test_urshift(self):
+        self.assertEqual(urshift(3, 1), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(urshift(-3, 1), 2147483646)
+
+    def test_get_element_by_class(self):
+        html = '''
+            <span class="foo bar">nice</span>
+        '''
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_class('foo', html), 'nice')
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_class('no-such-class', html), None)
+
+    def test_get_element_by_attribute(self):
+        html = '''
+            <span class="foo bar">nice</span>
+        '''
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_attribute('class', 'foo bar', html), 'nice')
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_attribute('class', 'foo', html), None)
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_attribute('class', 'no-such-foo', html), None)
+
+        html = '''
+            <div itemprop="author" itemscope>foo</div>
+        '''
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_attribute('itemprop', 'author', html), 'foo')
+
+    def test_get_elements_by_class(self):
+        html = '''
+            <span class="foo bar">nice</span><span class="foo bar">also nice</span>
+        '''
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_class('foo', html), ['nice', 'also nice'])
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_class('no-such-class', html), [])
+
+    def test_get_elements_by_attribute(self):
+        html = '''
+            <span class="foo bar">nice</span><span class="foo bar">also nice</span>
+        '''
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_attribute('class', 'foo bar', html), ['nice', 'also nice'])
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_attribute('class', 'foo', html), [])
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_attribute('class', 'no-such-foo', html), [])
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':