Add note about mplayer2 and backporters.

[youtubedl] / README.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 06dea400dd221cfca75b151a2d1a2f8fd214122e..38db97c5980e8a3ff186e6e6d8d80fd801eb4e51 100644 (file)
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms
 - [OPTIONS](#options)
 - [CONFIGURATION](#configuration)
 - [OUTPUT TEMPLATE](#output-template)
 - [OPTIONS](#options)
 - [CONFIGURATION](#configuration)
 - [OUTPUT TEMPLATE](#output-template)

+- [FORMAT SELECTION](#format-selection)

 - [VIDEO SELECTION](#video-selection)
 - [FAQ](#faq)
 - [DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS](#developer-instructions)
 - [VIDEO SELECTION](#video-selection)
 - [FAQ](#faq)
 - [DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS](#developer-instructions)

+- [EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL](#embedding-youtube-dl)

 - [BUGS](#bugs)
 - [COPYRIGHT](#copyright)
 
 - [BUGS](#bugs)
 - [COPYRIGHT](#copyright)
 


@@ -16,12 +18,12 @@ youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms
 To install it right away for all UNIX users (Linux, OS X, etc.), type:
 
     sudo curl https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
 To install it right away for all UNIX users (Linux, OS X, etc.), type:
 
     sudo curl https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

-    sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
+    sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

 
 If you do not have curl, you can alternatively use a recent wget:
 
     sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
 
 If you do not have curl, you can alternatively use a recent wget:
 
     sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

-    sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
+    sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

 
 Windows users can [download a .exe file](https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl.exe) and place it in their home directory or any other location on their [PATH](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_%28variable%29).
 
 
 Windows users can [download a .exe file](https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl.exe) and place it in their home directory or any other location on their [PATH](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_%28variable%29).
 


@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ You can also use pip:
 
     sudo pip install youtube-dl
 
 
     sudo pip install youtube-dl
 

-Alternatively, refer to the developer instructions below for how to check out and work with the git repository. For further options, including PGP signatures, see https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html .
+Alternatively, refer to the [developer instructions](#developer-instructions) for how to check out and work with the git repository. For further options, including PGP signatures, see https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html .

 
 # DESCRIPTION
 **youtube-dl** is a small command-line program to download videos from
 
 # DESCRIPTION
 **youtube-dl** is a small command-line program to download videos from


@@ -45,24 +47,25 @@ which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
     youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...]
 
 # OPTIONS
     youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...]
 
 # OPTIONS

-    -h, --help                       print this help text and exit
-    --version                        print program version and exit
-    -U, --update                     update this program to latest version. Make
+    -h, --help                       Print this help text and exit
+    --version                        Print program version and exit
+    -U, --update                     Update this program to latest version. Make

                                      sure that you have sufficient permissions
                                      (run with sudo if needed)
                                      sure that you have sufficient permissions
                                      (run with sudo if needed)

-    -i, --ignore-errors              continue on download errors, for example to
+    -i, --ignore-errors              Continue on download errors, for example to

                                      skip unavailable videos in a playlist
     --abort-on-error                 Abort downloading of further videos (in the
                                      playlist or the command line) if an error
                                      occurs
                                      skip unavailable videos in a playlist
     --abort-on-error                 Abort downloading of further videos (in the
                                      playlist or the command line) if an error
                                      occurs

-    --dump-user-agent                display the current browser identification
-    --list-extractors                List all supported extractors and the URLs
-                                     they would handle
+    --dump-user-agent                Display the current browser identification
+    --list-extractors                List all supported extractors

     --extractor-descriptions         Output descriptions of all supported
                                      extractors
     --extractor-descriptions         Output descriptions of all supported
                                      extractors

+    --force-generic-extractor        Force extraction to use the generic
+                                     extractor

     --default-search PREFIX          Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For
                                      example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos
     --default-search PREFIX          Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For
                                      example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos

-                                     from google videos for  youtube-dl "large
+                                     from google videos for youtube-dl "large

                                      apple". Use the value "auto" to let
                                      youtube-dl guess ("auto_warning" to emit a
                                      warning when guessing). "error" just throws
                                      apple". Use the value "auto" to let
                                      youtube-dl guess ("auto_warning" to emit a
                                      warning when guessing). "error" just throws


@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
                                      on Windows)
     --flat-playlist                  Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
                                      only list them.
                                      on Windows)
     --flat-playlist                  Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
                                      only list them.

+    --no-color                       Do not emit color codes in output

 
 ## Network Options:
     --proxy URL                      Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS proxy. Pass in
 
 ## Network Options:
     --proxy URL                      Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS proxy. Pass in


@@ -89,39 +93,63 @@ which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
                                      (experimental)
     -6, --force-ipv6                 Make all connections via IPv6
                                      (experimental)
                                      (experimental)
     -6, --force-ipv6                 Make all connections via IPv6
                                      (experimental)

+    --cn-verification-proxy URL      Use this proxy to verify the IP address for
+                                     some Chinese sites. The default proxy
+                                     specified by --proxy (or none, if the
+                                     options is not present) is used for the
+                                     actual downloading. (experimental)

 
 ## Video Selection:
 
 ## Video Selection:

-    --playlist-start NUMBER          playlist video to start at (default is 1)
-    --playlist-end NUMBER            playlist video to end at (default is last)
-    --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC       playlist video items to download. Specify
+    --playlist-start NUMBER          Playlist video to start at (default is 1)
+    --playlist-end NUMBER            Playlist video to end at (default is last)
+    --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC       Playlist video items to download. Specify

                                      indices of the videos in the playlist
                                      indices of the videos in the playlist

-                                     seperated by commas like: "--playlist-items
+                                     separated by commas like: "--playlist-items

                                      1,2,5,8" if you want to download videos
                                      indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can
                                      specify range: "--playlist-items
                                      1-3,7,10-13", it will download the videos
                                      at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
                                      1,2,5,8" if you want to download videos
                                      indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can
                                      specify range: "--playlist-items
                                      1-3,7,10-13", it will download the videos
                                      at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13.

-    --match-title REGEX              download only matching titles (regex or
+    --match-title REGEX              Download only matching titles (regex or

                                      caseless sub-string)
                                      caseless sub-string)

-    --reject-title REGEX             skip download for matching titles (regex or
+    --reject-title REGEX             Skip download for matching titles (regex or

                                      caseless sub-string)
     --max-downloads NUMBER           Abort after downloading NUMBER files
     --min-filesize SIZE              Do not download any videos smaller than
                                      SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
     --max-filesize SIZE              Do not download any videos larger than SIZE
                                      (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
                                      caseless sub-string)
     --max-downloads NUMBER           Abort after downloading NUMBER files
     --min-filesize SIZE              Do not download any videos smaller than
                                      SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
     --max-filesize SIZE              Do not download any videos larger than SIZE
                                      (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)

-    --date DATE                      download only videos uploaded in this date
-    --datebefore DATE                download only videos uploaded on or before
+    --date DATE                      Download only videos uploaded in this date
+    --datebefore DATE                Download only videos uploaded on or before

                                      this date (i.e. inclusive)
                                      this date (i.e. inclusive)

-    --dateafter DATE                 download only videos uploaded on or after
+    --dateafter DATE                 Download only videos uploaded on or after

                                      this date (i.e. inclusive)
     --min-views COUNT                Do not download any videos with less than
                                      COUNT views
     --max-views COUNT                Do not download any videos with more than
                                      COUNT views
                                      this date (i.e. inclusive)
     --min-views COUNT                Do not download any videos with less than
                                      COUNT views
     --max-views COUNT                Do not download any videos with more than
                                      COUNT views

-    --no-playlist                    If the URL refers to a video and a
-                                     playlist, download only the video.
-    --age-limit YEARS                download only videos suitable for the given
+    --match-filter FILTER            Generic video filter (experimental).
+                                     Specify any key (see help for -o for a list
+                                     of available keys) to match if the key is
+                                     present, !key to check if the key is not
+                                     present,key > NUMBER (like "comment_count >
+                                     12", also works with >=, <, <=, !=, =) to
+                                     compare against a number, and & to require
+                                     multiple matches. Values which are not
+                                     known are excluded unless you put a
+                                     question mark (?) after the operator.For
+                                     example, to only match videos that have
+                                     been liked more than 100 times and disliked
+                                     less than 50 times (or the dislike
+                                     functionality is not available at the given
+                                     service), but who also have a description,
+                                     use --match-filter "like_count > 100 &
+                                     dislike_count <? 50 & description" .
+    --no-playlist                    Download only the video, if the URL refers
+                                     to a video and a playlist.
+    --yes-playlist                   Download the playlist, if the URL refers to
+                                     a video and a playlist.
+    --age-limit YEARS                Download only videos suitable for the given

                                      age
     --download-archive FILE          Download only videos not listed in the
                                      archive file. Record the IDs of all
                                      age
     --download-archive FILE          Download only videos not listed in the
                                      archive file. Record the IDs of all


@@ -130,28 +158,32 @@ which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
                                      (experimental)
 
 ## Download Options:
                                      (experimental)
 
 ## Download Options:

-    -r, --rate-limit LIMIT           maximum download rate in bytes per second
+    -r, --rate-limit LIMIT           Maximum download rate in bytes per second

                                      (e.g. 50K or 4.2M)
                                      (e.g. 50K or 4.2M)

-    -R, --retries RETRIES            number of retries (default is 10), or
+    -R, --retries RETRIES            Number of retries (default is 10), or

                                      "infinite".
                                      "infinite".

-    --buffer-size SIZE               size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K)
+    --buffer-size SIZE               Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K)

                                      (default is 1024)
                                      (default is 1024)

-    --no-resize-buffer               do not automatically adjust the buffer
+    --no-resize-buffer               Do not automatically adjust the buffer

                                      size. By default, the buffer size is
                                      automatically resized from an initial value
                                      of SIZE.
     --playlist-reverse               Download playlist videos in reverse order
                                      size. By default, the buffer size is
                                      automatically resized from an initial value
                                      of SIZE.
     --playlist-reverse               Download playlist videos in reverse order

-    --xattr-set-filesize             (experimental) set file xattribute
-                                     ytdl.filesize with expected filesize
-    --external-downloader COMMAND    (experimental) Use the specified external
-                                     downloader. Currently supports
-                                     aria2c,curl,wget
+    --xattr-set-filesize             Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with
+                                     expected filesize (experimental)
+    --hls-prefer-native              Use the native HLS downloader instead of
+                                     ffmpeg (experimental)
+    --external-downloader COMMAND    Use the specified external downloader.
+                                     Currently supports
+                                     aria2c,axel,curl,httpie,wget
+    --external-downloader-args ARGS  Give these arguments to the external
+                                     downloader

 
 ## Filesystem Options:
 
 ## Filesystem Options:

-    -a, --batch-file FILE            file containing URLs to download ('-' for
+    -a, --batch-file FILE            File containing URLs to download ('-' for

                                      stdin)
                                      stdin)

-    --id                             use only video ID in file name
-    -o, --output TEMPLATE            output filename template. Use %(title)s to
+    --id                             Use only video ID in file name
+    -o, --output TEMPLATE            Output filename template. Use %(title)s to

                                      get the title, %(uploader)s for the
                                      uploader name, %(uploader_id)s for the
                                      uploader nickname if different,
                                      get the title, %(uploader)s for the
                                      uploader name, %(uploader_id)s for the
                                      uploader nickname if different,


@@ -160,7 +192,7 @@ which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
                                      filename extension, %(format)s for the
                                      format description (like "22 - 1280x720" or
                                      "HD"), %(format_id)s for the unique id of
                                      filename extension, %(format)s for the
                                      format description (like "22 - 1280x720" or
                                      "HD"), %(format_id)s for the unique id of

-                                     the format (like Youtube's itags: "137"),
+                                     the format (like YouTube's itags: "137"),

                                      %(upload_date)s for the upload date
                                      (YYYYMMDD), %(extractor)s for the provider
                                      (youtube, metacafe, etc), %(id)s for the
                                      %(upload_date)s for the upload date
                                      (YYYYMMDD), %(extractor)s for the provider
                                      (youtube, metacafe, etc), %(id)s for the


@@ -177,37 +209,38 @@ which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
                                      download to a different directory, for
                                      example with -o '/my/downloads/%(uploader)s
                                      /%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s' .
                                      download to a different directory, for
                                      example with -o '/my/downloads/%(uploader)s
                                      /%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s' .

-    --autonumber-size NUMBER         Specifies the number of digits in
+    --autonumber-size NUMBER         Specify the number of digits in

                                      %(autonumber)s when it is present in output
                                      filename template or --auto-number option
                                      is given
     --restrict-filenames             Restrict filenames to only ASCII
                                      characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in
                                      filenames
                                      %(autonumber)s when it is present in output
                                      filename template or --auto-number option
                                      is given
     --restrict-filenames             Restrict filenames to only ASCII
                                      characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in
                                      filenames

-    -A, --auto-number                [deprecated; use  -o
-                                     "%(autonumber)s-%(title)s.%(ext)s" ] number
+    -A, --auto-number                [deprecated; use -o
+                                     "%(autonumber)s-%(title)s.%(ext)s" ] Number

                                      downloaded files starting from 00000
                                      downloaded files starting from 00000

-    -t, --title                      [deprecated] use title in file name
+    -t, --title                      [deprecated] Use title in file name

                                      (default)
                                      (default)

-    -l, --literal                    [deprecated] alias of --title
-    -w, --no-overwrites              do not overwrite files
-    -c, --continue                   force resume of partially downloaded files.
+    -l, --literal                    [deprecated] Alias of --title
+    -w, --no-overwrites              Do not overwrite files
+    -c, --continue                   Force resume of partially downloaded files.

                                      By default, youtube-dl will resume
                                      downloads if possible.
                                      By default, youtube-dl will resume
                                      downloads if possible.

-    --no-continue                    do not resume partially downloaded files
+    --no-continue                    Do not resume partially downloaded files

                                      (restart from beginning)
                                      (restart from beginning)

-    --no-part                        do not use .part files - write directly
+    --no-part                        Do not use .part files - write directly

                                      into output file
                                      into output file

-    --no-mtime                       do not use the Last-modified header to set
+    --no-mtime                       Do not use the Last-modified header to set

                                      the file modification time
                                      the file modification time

-    --write-description              write video description to a .description
+    --write-description              Write video description to a .description

                                      file
                                      file

-    --write-info-json                write video metadata to a .info.json file
-    --write-annotations              write video annotations to a .annotation
-                                     file
-    --load-info FILE                 json file containing the video information
-                                     (created with the "--write-json" option)
-    --cookies FILE                   file to read cookies from and dump cookie
+    --write-info-json                Write video metadata to a .info.json file
+    --write-annotations              Write video annotations to a
+                                     .annotations.xml file
+    --load-info FILE                 JSON file containing the video information
+                                     (created with the "--write-info-json"
+                                     option)
+    --cookies FILE                   File to read cookies from and dump cookie

                                      jar in
     --cache-dir DIR                  Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl
                                      can store some downloaded information
                                      jar in
     --cache-dir DIR                  Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl
                                      can store some downloaded information


@@ -220,59 +253,58 @@ which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
     --rm-cache-dir                   Delete all filesystem cache files
 
 ## Thumbnail images:
     --rm-cache-dir                   Delete all filesystem cache files
 
 ## Thumbnail images:

-    --write-thumbnail                write thumbnail image to disk
-    --write-all-thumbnails           write all thumbnail image formats to disk
+    --write-thumbnail                Write thumbnail image to disk
+    --write-all-thumbnails           Write all thumbnail image formats to disk

     --list-thumbnails                Simulate and list all available thumbnail
                                      formats
 
 ## Verbosity / Simulation Options:
     --list-thumbnails                Simulate and list all available thumbnail
                                      formats
 
 ## Verbosity / Simulation Options:

-    -q, --quiet                      activates quiet mode
+    -q, --quiet                      Activate quiet mode

     --no-warnings                    Ignore warnings
     --no-warnings                    Ignore warnings

-    -s, --simulate                   do not download the video and do not write
+    -s, --simulate                   Do not download the video and do not write

                                      anything to disk
                                      anything to disk

-    --skip-download                  do not download the video
-    -g, --get-url                    simulate, quiet but print URL
-    -e, --get-title                  simulate, quiet but print title
-    --get-id                         simulate, quiet but print id
-    --get-thumbnail                  simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL
-    --get-description                simulate, quiet but print video description
-    --get-duration                   simulate, quiet but print video length
-    --get-filename                   simulate, quiet but print output filename
-    --get-format                     simulate, quiet but print output format
-    -j, --dump-json                  simulate, quiet but print JSON information.
+    --skip-download                  Do not download the video
+    -g, --get-url                    Simulate, quiet but print URL
+    -e, --get-title                  Simulate, quiet but print title
+    --get-id                         Simulate, quiet but print id
+    --get-thumbnail                  Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL
+    --get-description                Simulate, quiet but print video description
+    --get-duration                   Simulate, quiet but print video length
+    --get-filename                   Simulate, quiet but print output filename
+    --get-format                     Simulate, quiet but print output format
+    -j, --dump-json                  Simulate, quiet but print JSON information.

                                      See --output for a description of available
                                      keys.
                                      See --output for a description of available
                                      keys.

-    -J, --dump-single-json           simulate, quiet but print JSON information
+    -J, --dump-single-json           Simulate, quiet but print JSON information

                                      for each command-line argument. If the URL
                                      refers to a playlist, dump the whole
                                      playlist information in a single line.
     --print-json                     Be quiet and print the video information as
                                      JSON (video is still being downloaded).
                                      for each command-line argument. If the URL
                                      refers to a playlist, dump the whole
                                      playlist information in a single line.
     --print-json                     Be quiet and print the video information as
                                      JSON (video is still being downloaded).

-    --newline                        output progress bar as new lines
-    --no-progress                    do not print progress bar
-    --console-title                  display progress in console titlebar
-    -v, --verbose                    print various debugging information
-    --dump-intermediate-pages        print downloaded pages to debug problems
-                                     (very verbose)
+    --newline                        Output progress bar as new lines
+    --no-progress                    Do not print progress bar
+    --console-title                  Display progress in console titlebar
+    -v, --verbose                    Print various debugging information
+    --dump-pages                     Print downloaded pages encoded using base64
+                                     to debug problems (very verbose)

     --write-pages                    Write downloaded intermediary pages to
                                      files in the current directory to debug
                                      problems
     --print-traffic                  Display sent and read HTTP traffic
     --write-pages                    Write downloaded intermediary pages to
                                      files in the current directory to debug
                                      problems
     --print-traffic                  Display sent and read HTTP traffic

-    -C, --call-home                  Contact the youtube-dl server for
-                                     debugging.
+    -C, --call-home                  Contact the youtube-dl server for debugging

     --no-call-home                   Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for
     --no-call-home                   Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for

-                                     debugging.
+                                     debugging

 
 ## Workarounds:
     --encoding ENCODING              Force the specified encoding (experimental)
 
 ## Workarounds:
     --encoding ENCODING              Force the specified encoding (experimental)

-    --no-check-certificate           Suppress HTTPS certificate validation.
+    --no-check-certificate           Suppress HTTPS certificate validation

     --prefer-insecure                Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve
                                      information about the video. (Currently
                                      supported only for YouTube)
     --prefer-insecure                Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve
                                      information about the video. (Currently
                                      supported only for YouTube)

-    --user-agent UA                  specify a custom user agent
-    --referer URL                    specify a custom referer, use if the video
+    --user-agent UA                  Specify a custom user agent
+    --referer URL                    Specify a custom referer, use if the video

                                      access is restricted to one domain
                                      access is restricted to one domain

-    --add-header FIELD:VALUE         specify a custom HTTP header and its value,
+    --add-header FIELD:VALUE         Specify a custom HTTP header and its value,

                                      separated by a colon ':'. You can use this
                                      option multiple times
     --bidi-workaround                Work around terminals that lack
                                      separated by a colon ':'. You can use this
                                      option multiple times
     --bidi-workaround                Work around terminals that lack


@@ -282,113 +314,128 @@ which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
                                      download.
 
 ## Video Format Options:
                                      download.
 
 ## Video Format Options:

-    -f, --format FORMAT              video format code, specify the order of
-                                     preference using slashes, as in -f 22/17/18
-                                     .  Instead of format codes, you can select
-                                     by extension for the extensions aac, m4a,
-                                     mp3, mp4, ogg, wav, webm. You can also use
-                                     the special names "best", "bestvideo",
-                                     "bestaudio", "worst".  You can filter the
-                                     video results by putting a condition in
-                                     brackets, as in -f "best[height=720]" (or
-                                     -f "[filesize>10M]").  This works for
-                                     filesize, height, width, tbr, abr, vbr, and
-                                     fps and the comparisons <, <=, >, >=, =, !=
-                                     . Formats for which the value is not known
-                                     are excluded unless you put a question mark
-                                     (?) after the operator. You can combine
-                                     format filters, so  -f "[height <=?
-                                     720][tbr>500]" selects up to 720p videos
-                                     (or videos where the height is not known)
-                                     with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. By
-                                     default, youtube-dl will pick the best
-                                     quality. Use commas to download multiple
-                                     audio formats, such as -f
-                                     136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio.
-                                     You can merge the video and audio of two
-                                     formats into a single file using -f <video-
-                                     format>+<audio-format> (requires ffmpeg or
-                                     avconv), for example -f
-                                     bestvideo+bestaudio.
-    --all-formats                    download all available video formats
-    --prefer-free-formats            prefer free video formats unless a specific
+    -f, --format FORMAT              Video format code, see the "FORMAT
+                                     SELECTION" for all the info
+    --all-formats                    Download all available video formats
+    --prefer-free-formats            Prefer free video formats unless a specific

                                      one is requested
                                      one is requested

-    --max-quality FORMAT             highest quality format to download
-    -F, --list-formats               list all available formats
-    --youtube-skip-dash-manifest     Do not download the DASH manifest on
-                                     YouTube videos
+    -F, --list-formats               List all available formats
+    --youtube-skip-dash-manifest     Do not download the DASH manifests and
+                                     related data on YouTube videos

     --merge-output-format FORMAT     If a merge is required (e.g.
                                      bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given
                                      container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg,
     --merge-output-format FORMAT     If a merge is required (e.g.
                                      bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given
                                      container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg,

-                                     webm, flv.Ignored if no merge is required
+                                     webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required

 
 ## Subtitle Options:
 
 ## Subtitle Options:

-    --write-sub                      write subtitle file
-    --write-auto-sub                 write automatic subtitle file (youtube
+    --write-sub                      Write subtitle file
+    --write-auto-sub                 Write automatic subtitle file (YouTube

                                      only)
                                      only)

-    --all-subs                       downloads all the available subtitles of
-                                     the video
-    --list-subs                      lists all available subtitles for the video
-    --sub-format FORMAT              subtitle format (default=srt) ([sbv/vtt]
-                                     youtube only)
-    --sub-lang LANGS                 languages of the subtitles to download
+    --all-subs                       Download all the available subtitles of the
+                                     video
+    --list-subs                      List all available subtitles for the video
+    --sub-format FORMAT              Subtitle format, accepts formats
+                                     preference, for example: "srt" or
+                                     "ass/srt/best"
+    --sub-lang LANGS                 Languages of the subtitles to download

                                      (optional) separated by commas, use IETF
                                      language tags like 'en,pt'
 
 ## Authentication Options:
                                      (optional) separated by commas, use IETF
                                      language tags like 'en,pt'
 
 ## Authentication Options:

-    -u, --username USERNAME          login with this account ID
-    -p, --password PASSWORD          account password. If this option is left
+    -u, --username USERNAME          Login with this account ID
+    -p, --password PASSWORD          Account password. If this option is left

                                      out, youtube-dl will ask interactively.
                                      out, youtube-dl will ask interactively.

-    -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR        two-factor auth code
-    -n, --netrc                      use .netrc authentication data
-    --video-password PASSWORD        video password (vimeo, smotri)
+    -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR        Two-factor auth code
+    -n, --netrc                      Use .netrc authentication data
+    --video-password PASSWORD        Video password (vimeo, smotri, youku)

 
 ## Post-processing Options:
 
 ## Post-processing Options:

-    -x, --extract-audio              convert video files to audio-only files
+    -x, --extract-audio              Convert video files to audio-only files

                                      (requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or
                                      avprobe)
                                      (requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or
                                      avprobe)

-    --audio-format FORMAT            "best", "aac", "vorbis", "mp3", "m4a",
-                                     "opus", or "wav"; "best" by default
-    --audio-quality QUALITY          ffmpeg/avconv audio quality specification,
-                                     insert a value between 0 (better) and 9
-                                     (worse) for VBR or a specific bitrate like
-                                     128K (default 5)
+    --audio-format FORMAT            Specify audio format: "best", "aac",
+                                     "vorbis", "mp3", "m4a", "opus", or "wav";
+                                     "best" by default
+    --audio-quality QUALITY          Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert
+                                     a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse)
+                                     for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K
+                                     (default 5)

     --recode-video FORMAT            Encode the video to another format if
                                      necessary (currently supported:
     --recode-video FORMAT            Encode the video to another format if
                                      necessary (currently supported:

-                                     mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv)
-    -k, --keep-video                 keeps the video file on disk after the
-                                     post-processing; the video is erased by
-                                     default
-    --no-post-overwrites             do not overwrite post-processed files; the
+                                     mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi)
+    --postprocessor-args ARGS        Give these arguments to the postprocessor
+    -k, --keep-video                 Keep the video file on disk after the post-
+                                     processing; the video is erased by default
+    --no-post-overwrites             Do not overwrite post-processed files; the

                                      post-processed files are overwritten by
                                      default
                                      post-processed files are overwritten by
                                      default

-    --embed-subs                     embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4
-                                     videos)
-    --embed-thumbnail                embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art
-    --add-metadata                   write metadata to the video file
-    --xattrs                         write metadata to the video file's xattrs
+    --embed-subs                     Embed subtitles in the video (only for mkv
+                                     and mp4 videos)
+    --embed-thumbnail                Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art
+    --add-metadata                   Write metadata to the video file
+    --metadata-from-title FORMAT     Parse additional metadata like song title /
+                                     artist from the video title. The format
+                                     syntax is the same as --output, the parsed
+                                     parameters replace existing values.
+                                     Additional templates: %(album)s,
+                                     %(artist)s. Example: --metadata-from-title
+                                     "%(artist)s - %(title)s" matches a title
+                                     like "Coldplay - Paradise"
+    --xattrs                         Write metadata to the video file's xattrs

                                      (using dublin core and xdg standards)
     --fixup POLICY                   Automatically correct known faults of the
                                      file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
                                      (using dublin core and xdg standards)
     --fixup POLICY                   Automatically correct known faults of the
                                      file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only

-                                     emit a warning), detect_or_warn(the
+                                     emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the

                                      default; fix file if we can, warn
                                      otherwise)
     --prefer-avconv                  Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the
                                      postprocessors (default)
     --prefer-ffmpeg                  Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the
                                      postprocessors
                                      default; fix file if we can, warn
                                      otherwise)
     --prefer-avconv                  Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the
                                      postprocessors (default)
     --prefer-ffmpeg                  Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the
                                      postprocessors

+    --ffmpeg-location PATH           Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary;
+                                     either the path to the binary or its
+                                     containing directory.

     --exec CMD                       Execute a command on the file after
                                      downloading, similar to find's -exec
                                      syntax. Example: --exec 'adb push {}
                                      /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}'
     --exec CMD                       Execute a command on the file after
                                      downloading, similar to find's -exec
                                      syntax. Example: --exec 'adb push {}
                                      /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}'

+    --convert-subtitles FORMAT       Convert the subtitles to other format
+                                     (currently supported: srt|ass|vtt)

 
 # CONFIGURATION
 
 
 # CONFIGURATION
 

-You can configure youtube-dl by placing default arguments (such as `--extract-audio --no-mtime` to always extract the audio and not copy the mtime) into `/etc/youtube-dl.conf` and/or `~/.config/youtube-dl/config`. On Windows, the configuration file locations are `%APPDATA%\youtube-dl\config.txt` and `C:\Users\<user name>\youtube-dl.conf`.
+You can configure youtube-dl by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. On Linux, the system wide configuration file is located at `/etc/youtube-dl.conf` and the user wide configuration file at `~/.config/youtube-dl/config`. On Windows, the user wide configuration file locations are `%APPDATA%\youtube-dl\config.txt` or `C:\Users\<user name>\youtube-dl.conf`. For example, with the following configuration file youtube-dl will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime and use a proxy:
+```
+--extract-audio
+--no-mtime
+--proxy 127.0.0.1:3128
+```
+
+You can use `--ignore-config` if you want to disable the configuration file for a particular youtube-dl run.
+
+### Authentication with `.netrc` file ###
+
+You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every youtube-dl execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](http://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a`.netrc` file in your `$HOME` and restrict permissions to read/write by you only:
+```
+touch $HOME/.netrc
+chmod a-rwx,u+rw $HOME/.netrc
+```
+After that you can add credentials for extractor in the following format, where *extractor* is the name of extractor in lowercase:
+```
+machine <extractor> login <login> password <password>
+```
+For example:
+```
+machine youtube login myaccount@gmail.com password my_youtube_password
+machine twitch login my_twitch_account_name password my_twitch_password
+```
+To activate authentication with the `.netrc` file you should pass `--netrc` to youtube-dl or place it in the [configuration file](#configuration).
+
+On Windows you may also need to setup the `%HOME%` environment variable manually.

 
 # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
 
 
 # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
 

-The `-o` option allows users to indicate a template for the output file names. The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in `youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv "http://some/video"`. However, it may contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences have the format `%(NAME)s`. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parenthesis, followed by a lowercase S. Allowed names are:
+The `-o` option allows users to indicate a template for the output file names. The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in `youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv "http://some/video"`. However, it may contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences have the format `%(NAME)s`. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed by a lowercase S. Allowed names are:

 
  - `id`: The sequence will be replaced by the video identifier.
  - `url`: The sequence will be replaced by the video URL.
 
  - `id`: The sequence will be replaced by the video identifier.
  - `url`: The sequence will be replaced by the video URL.


@@ -398,8 +445,10 @@ The `-o` option allows users to indicate a template for the output file names. T
  - `ext`: The sequence will be replaced by the appropriate extension (like flv or mp4).
  - `epoch`: The sequence will be replaced by the Unix epoch when creating the file.
  - `autonumber`: The sequence will be replaced by a five-digit number that will be increased with each download, starting at zero.
  - `ext`: The sequence will be replaced by the appropriate extension (like flv or mp4).
  - `epoch`: The sequence will be replaced by the Unix epoch when creating the file.
  - `autonumber`: The sequence will be replaced by a five-digit number that will be increased with each download, starting at zero.

- - `playlist`: The name or the id of the playlist that contains the video.
- - `playlist_index`: The index of the video in the playlist, a five-digit number.
+ - `playlist`: The sequence will be replaced by the name or the id of the playlist that contains the video.
+ - `playlist_index`: The sequence will be replaced by the index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist.
+ - `format_id`: The sequence will be replaced by the format code specified by `--format`.
+ - `duration`: The sequence will be replaced by the length of the video in seconds.

 
 The current default template is `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`.
 
 
 The current default template is `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`.
 


@@ -412,9 +461,20 @@ $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filena
 youtube-dl_test_video_.mp4          # A simple file name
 ```
 
 youtube-dl_test_video_.mp4          # A simple file name
 ```
 

+# FORMAT SELECTION
+
+By default youtube-dl tries to download the best quality, but sometimes you may want to download in a different format.
+The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example `-f 22`. You can get the list of available formats using `--list-formats`, you can also use a file extension (currently it supports aac, m4a, mp3, mp4, ogg, wav, webm) or the special names `best`, `bestvideo`, `bestaudio` and `worst`.
+
+If you want to download multiple videos and they don't have the same formats available, you can specify the order of preference using slashes, as in `-f 22/17/18`. You can also filter the video results by putting a condition in brackets, as in `-f "best[height=720]"` (or `-f "[filesize>10M]"`).  This works for filesize, height, width, tbr, abr, vbr, asr, and fps and the comparisons <, <=, >, >=, =, != and for ext, acodec, vcodec, container, and protocol and the comparisons =, != . Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (?) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so  `-f "[height <=? 720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. Use commas to download multiple formats, such as `-f 136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio`. You can merge the video and audio of two formats into a single file using `-f <video-format>+<audio-format>` (requires ffmpeg or avconv), for example `-f bestvideo+bestaudio`. Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you want to download the best mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480 you can use `-f '(mp4,webm)[height<480]'`.
+
+Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26 youtube-dl uses `-f bestvideo+bestaudio/best` as default format selection (see #5447, #5456). If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading `bestvideo` and `bestaudio` separately and muxing them together into a single file giving the best overall quality available. Otherwise it falls back to `best` and results in downloading the best available quality served as a single file. `best` is also needed for videos that don't come from YouTube because they don't provide the audio and video in two different files. If you want to only download some dash formats (for example if you are not interested in getting videos with a resolution higher than 1080p), you can add `-f bestvideo[height<=?1080]+bestaudio/best` to your configuration file. Note that if you use youtube-dl to stream to `stdout` (and most likely to pipe it to your media player then), i.e. you explicitly specify output template as `-o -`, youtube-dl still uses `-f best` format selection in order to start content delivery immediately to your player and not to wait until `bestvideo` and `bestaudio` are downloaded and muxed.
+
+If you want to preserve the old format selection behavior (prior to youtube-dl 2015.04.26), i.e. you want to download the best available quality media served as a single file, you should explicitly specify your choice with `-f best`. You may want to add it to the [configuration file](#configuration) in order not to type it every time you run youtube-dl.
+

 # VIDEO SELECTION
 
 # VIDEO SELECTION
 

-Videos can be filtered by their upload date using the options `--date`, `--datebefore` or `--dateafter`, they accept dates in two formats:
+Videos can be filtered by their upload date using the options `--date`, `--datebefore` or `--dateafter`. They accept dates in two formats:

 
  - Absolute dates: Dates in the format `YYYYMMDD`.
  - Relative dates: Dates in the format `(now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?`
 
  - Absolute dates: Dates in the format `YYYYMMDD`.
  - Relative dates: Dates in the format `(now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?`


@@ -428,7 +488,7 @@ $ youtube-dl --dateafter now-6months
 # Download only the videos uploaded on January 1, 1970
 $ youtube-dl --date 19700101
 
 # Download only the videos uploaded on January 1, 1970
 $ youtube-dl --date 19700101
 

-$ # will only download the videos uploaded in the 200x decade
+$ # Download only the videos uploaded in the 200x decade

 $ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231
 ```
 
 $ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231
 ```
 


@@ -440,7 +500,7 @@ If you've followed [our manual installation instructions](http://rg3.github.io/y
 
 If you have used pip, a simple `sudo pip install -U youtube-dl` is sufficient to update.
 
 
 If you have used pip, a simple `sudo pip install -U youtube-dl` is sufficient to update.
 

-If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like *apt-get* or *yum*, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Note that distribution packages are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube-dl releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even daily. Simply go to http://yt-dl.org/ to find out the current version. Unfortunately, there is nothing we youtube-dl developers can do if your distributions serves a really outdated version. You can (and should) complain to your distribution in their bugtracker or support forum.
+If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like *apt-get* or *yum*, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Note that distribution packages are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube-dl releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even daily. Simply go to http://yt-dl.org/ to find out the current version. Unfortunately, there is nothing we youtube-dl developers can do if your distribution serves a really outdated version. You can (and should) complain to your distribution in their bugtracker or support forum.

 
 As a last resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your package manager and follow our manual installation instructions. For that, remove the distribution's package, with a line like
 
 
 As a last resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your package manager and follow our manual installation instructions. For that, remove the distribution's package, with a line like
 


@@ -462,11 +522,11 @@ YouTube changed their playlist format in March 2014 and later on, so you'll need
 
 If you have installed youtube-dl with a package manager, pip, setup.py or a tarball, please use that to update. Note that Ubuntu packages do not seem to get updated anymore. Since we are not affiliated with Ubuntu, there is little we can do. Feel free to [report bugs](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/youtube-dl/+filebug) to the [Ubuntu packaging guys](mailto:ubuntu-motu@lists.ubuntu.com?subject=outdated%20version%20of%20youtube-dl) - all they have to do is update the package to a somewhat recent version. See above for a way to update.
 
 
 If you have installed youtube-dl with a package manager, pip, setup.py or a tarball, please use that to update. Note that Ubuntu packages do not seem to get updated anymore. Since we are not affiliated with Ubuntu, there is little we can do. Feel free to [report bugs](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/youtube-dl/+filebug) to the [Ubuntu packaging guys](mailto:ubuntu-motu@lists.ubuntu.com?subject=outdated%20version%20of%20youtube-dl) - all they have to do is update the package to a somewhat recent version. See above for a way to update.
 

-### Do I always have to pass in `--max-quality FORMAT`, or `-citw`?
+### Do I always have to pass `-citw`?

 
 

-By default, youtube-dl intends to have the best options (incidentally, if you have a convincing case that these should be different, [please file an issue where you explain that](https://yt-dl.org/bug)). Therefore, it is unnecessary and sometimes harmful to copy long option strings from webpages. In particular, `--max-quality` *limits* the video quality (so if you want the best quality, do NOT pass it in), and the only option out of `-citw` that is regularly useful is `-i`.
+By default, youtube-dl intends to have the best options (incidentally, if you have a convincing case that these should be different, [please file an issue where you explain that](https://yt-dl.org/bug)). Therefore, it is unnecessary and sometimes harmful to copy long option strings from webpages. In particular, the only option out of `-citw` that is regularly useful is `-i`.

 
 

-### Can you please put the -b option back?
+### Can you please put the `-b` option back?

 
 Most people asking this question are not aware that youtube-dl now defaults to downloading the highest available quality as reported by YouTube, which will be 1080p or 720p in some cases, so you no longer need the `-b` option. For some specific videos, maybe YouTube does not report them to be available in a specific high quality format you're interested in. In that case, simply request it with the `-f` option and youtube-dl will try to download it.
 
 
 Most people asking this question are not aware that youtube-dl now defaults to downloading the highest available quality as reported by YouTube, which will be 1080p or 720p in some cases, so you no longer need the `-b` option. For some specific videos, maybe YouTube does not report them to be available in a specific high quality format you're interested in. In that case, simply request it with the `-f` option and youtube-dl will try to download it.
 


@@ -478,23 +538,47 @@ Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download too much.
 
 Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as [vlc](http://www.videolan.org) or [mplayer](http://www.mplayerhq.hu/).
 
 
 Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as [vlc](http://www.videolan.org) or [mplayer](http://www.mplayerhq.hu/).
 

-### I extracted a video URL with -g, but it does not play on another machine / in my webbrowser.
+### I extracted a video URL with `-g`, but it does not play on another machine / in my webbrowser.

 
 It depends a lot on the service. In many cases, requests for the video (to download/play it) must come from the same IP address and with the same cookies.  Use the `--cookies` option to write the required cookies into a file, and advise your downloader to read cookies from that file. Some sites also require a common user agent to be used, use `--dump-user-agent` to see the one in use by youtube-dl.
 
 It may be beneficial to use IPv6; in some cases, the restrictions are only applied to IPv4. Some services (sometimes only for a subset of videos) do not restrict the video URL by IP address, cookie, or user-agent, but these are the exception rather than the rule.
 
 
 It depends a lot on the service. In many cases, requests for the video (to download/play it) must come from the same IP address and with the same cookies.  Use the `--cookies` option to write the required cookies into a file, and advise your downloader to read cookies from that file. Some sites also require a common user agent to be used, use `--dump-user-agent` to see the one in use by youtube-dl.
 
 It may be beneficial to use IPv6; in some cases, the restrictions are only applied to IPv4. Some services (sometimes only for a subset of videos) do not restrict the video URL by IP address, cookie, or user-agent, but these are the exception rather than the rule.
 

-Please bear in mind that some URL protocols are **not** supported by browsers out of the box, including RTMP. If you are using -g, your own downloader must support these as well.
+Please bear in mind that some URL protocols are **not** supported by browsers out of the box, including RTMP. If you are using `-g`, your own downloader must support these as well.

 
 If you want to play the video on a machine that is not running youtube-dl, you can relay the video content from the machine that runs youtube-dl. You can use `-o -` to let youtube-dl stream a video to stdout, or simply allow the player to download the files written by youtube-dl in turn.
 
 ### ERROR: no fmt_url_map or conn information found in video info
 
 
 If you want to play the video on a machine that is not running youtube-dl, you can relay the video content from the machine that runs youtube-dl. You can use `-o -` to let youtube-dl stream a video to stdout, or simply allow the player to download the files written by youtube-dl in turn.
 
 ### ERROR: no fmt_url_map or conn information found in video info
 

-youtube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. You can update youtube-dl with `sudo youtube-dl --update`.
+YouTube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See [above](#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube-dl.

 
 ### ERROR: unable to download video ###
 
 
 ### ERROR: unable to download video ###
 

-youtube requires an additional signature since September 2012 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. You can update youtube-dl with `sudo youtube-dl --update`.
+YouTube requires an additional signature since September 2012 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See [above](#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube-dl.
+
+### Video URL contains an ampersand and I'm getting some strange output `[1] 2839` or `'v' is not recognized as an internal or external command` ###
+
+That's actually the output from your shell. Since ampersand is one of the special shell characters it's interpreted by the shell preventing you from passing the whole URL to youtube-dl. To disable your shell from interpreting the ampersands (or any other special characters) you have to either put the whole URL in quotes or escape them with a backslash (which approach will work depends on your shell).
+
+For example if your URL is https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&v=BaW_jenozKc you should end up with following command:
+
+```youtube-dl 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&v=BaW_jenozKc'```
+
+or
+
+```youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4\&v=BaW_jenozKc```
+
+For Windows you have to use the double quotes:
+
+```youtube-dl "https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&v=BaW_jenozKc"```
+
+### ExtractorError: Could not find JS function u'OF'
+
+In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a character sequence in a string that was misinterpreted by old versions of youtube-dl. See [above](#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube-dl.
+
+### HTTP Error 429: Too Many Requests or 402: Payment Required
+
+These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP address because of overuse. Contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP address, or - if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already - use the [`--proxy` or `--source-address` options](#network-options) to select another IP address.

 
 ### SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character ###
 
 
 ### SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character ###
 


@@ -532,6 +616,12 @@ Either prepend `http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=` or separate the ID from the opt
     youtube-dl -- -wNyEUrxzFU
     youtube-dl "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU"
 
     youtube-dl -- -wNyEUrxzFU
     youtube-dl "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU"
 

+### How do I pass cookies to youtube-dl?
+
+Use the `--cookies` option, for example `--cookies /path/to/cookies/file.txt`. Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the first line of the cookies file must be either `# HTTP Cookie File` or `# Netscape HTTP Cookie File`. Make sure you have correct [newline format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) in the cookies file and convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely `CRLF` (`\r\n`) for Windows, `LF` (`\n`) for Linux and `CR` (`\r`) for Mac OS. `HTTP Error 400: Bad Request` when using `--cookies` is a good sign of invalid newline format.
+
+Passing cookies to youtube-dl is a good way to workaround login when a particular extractor does not implement it explicitly.
+

 ### Can you add support for this anime video site, or site which shows current movies for free?
 
 As a matter of policy (as well as legality), youtube-dl does not include support for services that specialize in infringing copyright. As a rule of thumb, if you cannot easily find a video that the service is quite obviously allowed to distribute (i.e. that has been uploaded by the creator, the creator's distributor, or is published under a free license), the service is probably unfit for inclusion to youtube-dl.
 ### Can you add support for this anime video site, or site which shows current movies for free?
 
 As a matter of policy (as well as legality), youtube-dl does not include support for services that specialize in infringing copyright. As a rule of thumb, if you cannot easily find a video that the service is quite obviously allowed to distribute (i.e. that has been uploaded by the creator, the creator's distributor, or is published under a free license), the service is probably unfit for inclusion to youtube-dl.


@@ -540,9 +630,21 @@ A note on the service that they don't host the infringing content, but just link
 
 Support requests for services that **do** purchase the rights to distribute their content are perfectly fine though. If in doubt, you can simply include a source that mentions the legitimate purchase of content.
 
 
 Support requests for services that **do** purchase the rights to distribute their content are perfectly fine though. If in doubt, you can simply include a source that mentions the legitimate purchase of content.
 

+### How can I speed up work on my issue?
+
+(Also known as: Help, my important issue not being solved!) The youtube-dl core developer team is quite small. While we do our best to solve as many issues as possible, sometimes that can take quite a while. To speed up your issue, here's what you can do:
+
+First of all, please do report the issue [at our issue tracker](https://yt-dl.org/bugs). That allows us to coordinate all efforts by users and developers, and serves as a unified point. Unfortunately, the youtube-dl project has grown too large to use personal email as an effective communication channel.
+
+Please read the [bug reporting instructions](#bugs) below. A lot of bugs lack all the necessary information. If you can, offer proxy, VPN, or shell access to the youtube-dl developers. If you are able to, test the issue from multiple computers in multiple countries to exclude local censorship or misconfiguration issues.
+
+If nobody is interested in solving your issue, you are welcome to take matters into your own hands and submit a pull request (or coerce/pay somebody else to do so).
+
+Feel free to bump the issue from time to time by writing a small comment ("Issue is still present in youtube-dl version ...from France, but fixed from Belgium"), but please not more than once a month. Please do not declare your issue as `important` or `urgent`.
+

 ### How can I detect whether a given URL is supported by youtube-dl?
 
 ### How can I detect whether a given URL is supported by youtube-dl?
 

-For one, have a look at the [list of supported sites](docs/supportedsites.md). Note that it can sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from http://example.com/v/1234567 to http://example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that case, simply report a bug.
+For one, have a look at the [list of supported sites](docs/supportedsites.md). Note that it can sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from http://example.com/video/1234567 to http://example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that case, simply report a bug.

 
 It is *not* possible to detect whether a URL is supported or not. That's because youtube-dl contains a generic extractor which matches **all** URLs. You may be tempted to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor, but the generic extractor not only allows users to extract videos from lots of websites that embed a video from another service, but may also be used to extract video from a service that it's hosting itself. Therefore, we neither recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or removing the generic extractor.
 
 
 It is *not* possible to detect whether a URL is supported or not. That's because youtube-dl contains a generic extractor which matches **all** URLs. You may be tempted to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor, but the generic extractor not only allows users to extract videos from lots of websites that embed a video from another service, but may also be used to extract video from a service that it's hosting itself. Therefore, we neither recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or removing the generic extractor.
 


@@ -608,18 +710,19 @@ If you want to add support for a new site, you can follow this quick list (assum
             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
             # TODO more code goes here, for example ...
             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
             # TODO more code goes here, for example ...

-            title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1>(.*?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')
+            title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1>(.+?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')

 
             return {
                 'id': video_id,
                 'title': title,
                 'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
 
             return {
                 'id': video_id,
                 'title': title,
                 'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),

+                'uploader': self._search_regex(r'<div[^>]+id="uploader"[^>]*>([^<]+)<', webpage, 'uploader', fatal=False),

                 # TODO more properties (see youtube_dl/extractor/common.py)
             }
     ```
 5. Add an import in [`youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py).
                 # TODO more properties (see youtube_dl/extractor/common.py)
             }
     ```
 5. Add an import in [`youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py).

-6. Run `python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`. This *should fail* at first, but you can continually re-run it until you're done. If you decide to add more than one test, then rename ``_TEST`` to ``_TESTS`` and make it into a list of dictionaries. The tests will be then be named `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2`, etc.
-7. Have a look at [`youtube_dl/common/extractor/common.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py) for possible helper methods and a [detailed description of what your extractor should return](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L38). Add tests and code for as many as you want.
+6. Run `python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`. This *should fail* at first, but you can continually re-run it until you're done. If you decide to add more than one test, then rename ``_TEST`` to ``_TESTS`` and make it into a list of dictionaries. The tests will then be named `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2`, etc.
+7. Have a look at [`youtube_dl/extractor/common.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py) for possible helper methods and a [detailed description of what your extractor should and may return](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L62-L200). Add tests and code for as many as you want.

 8. If you can, check the code with [flake8](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8).
 9. When the tests pass, [add](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files and [commit](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:
 
 8. If you can, check the code with [flake8](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8).
 9. When the tests pass, [add](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files and [commit](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:
 


@@ -639,6 +742,7 @@ youtube-dl makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus sho
 From a Python program, you can embed youtube-dl in a more powerful fashion, like this:
 
 ```python
 From a Python program, you can embed youtube-dl in a more powerful fashion, like this:
 
 ```python

+from __future__ import unicode_literals

 import youtube_dl
 
 ydl_opts = {}
 import youtube_dl
 
 ydl_opts = {}


@@ -646,11 +750,12 @@ with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
     ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
 ```
 
     ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
 ```
 

-Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of what can be done, have a look at [youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py#L69). For a start, if you want to intercept youtube-dl's output, set a `logger` object.
+Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of what can be done, have a look at [youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py#L117-L265). For a start, if you want to intercept youtube-dl's output, set a `logger` object.

 
 Here's a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and a short message after the download is finished), and downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file:
 
 ```python
 
 Here's a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and a short message after the download is finished), and downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file:
 
 ```python

+from __future__ import unicode_literals

 import youtube_dl
 
 
 import youtube_dl
 
 


@@ -690,7 +795,7 @@ Bugs and suggestions should be reported at: <https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/i
 
 **Please include the full output of youtube-dl when run with `-v`**.
 
 
 **Please include the full output of youtube-dl when run with `-v`**.
 

-The output (including the first lines) contain important debugging information. Issues without the full output are often not reproducible and therefore do not get solved in short order, if ever.
+The output (including the first lines) contains important debugging information. Issues without the full output are often not reproducible and therefore do not get solved in short order, if ever.

 
 Please re-read your issue once again to avoid a couple of common mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist):
 
 
 Please re-read your issue once again to avoid a couple of common mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist):
 


@@ -706,13 +811,15 @@ So please elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug you want to
 
 If your report is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it. We're often too polite to close the issue outright, but the missing info makes misinterpretation likely. As a commiter myself, I often get frustrated by these issues, since the only possible way for me to move forward on them is to ask for clarification over and over.
 
 
 If your report is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it. We're often too polite to close the issue outright, but the missing info makes misinterpretation likely. As a commiter myself, I often get frustrated by these issues, since the only possible way for me to move forward on them is to ask for clarification over and over.
 

-For bug reports, this means that your report should contain the *complete* output of youtube-dl when called with the -v flag. The error message you get for (most) bugs even says so, but you would not believe how many of our bug reports do not contain this information.
+For bug reports, this means that your report should contain the *complete* output of youtube-dl when called with the `-v` flag. The error message you get for (most) bugs even says so, but you would not believe how many of our bug reports do not contain this information.
+
+If your server has multiple IPs or you suspect censorship, adding `--call-home` may be a good idea to get more diagnostics. If the error is `ERROR: Unable to extract ...` and you cannot reproduce it from multiple countries, add `--dump-pages` (warning: this will yield a rather large output, redirect it to the file `log.txt` by adding `>log.txt 2>&1` to your command-line) or upload the `.dump` files you get when you add `--write-pages` [somewhere](https://gist.github.com/).

 
 

-Site support requests **must contain an example URL**. An example URL is a URL you might want to download, like http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc . There should be an obvious video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of a video service (e.g. http://www.youtube.com/ ) is *not* an example URL.
+**Site support requests must contain an example URL**. An example URL is a URL you might want to download, like http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc . There should be an obvious video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of a video service (e.g. http://www.youtube.com/ ) is *not* an example URL.

 
 ###  Are you using the latest version?
 
 
 ###  Are you using the latest version?
 

-Before reporting any issue, type youtube-dl -U. This should report that you're up-to-date. About 20% of the reports we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature requests as well.
+Before reporting any issue, type `youtube-dl -U`. This should report that you're up-to-date. About 20% of the reports we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature requests as well.

 
 ###  Is the issue already documented?
 
 
 ###  Is the issue already documented?