]> Raphaƫl G. Git Repositories - youtubedl/blobdiff - youtube_dl/extractor/common.py
Prepare new release.
[youtubedl] / youtube_dl / extractor / common.py
index 5e263f8b5a2cf46fbb26e928f5df85c87c42dfde..78dc5be24834ec036a8782ff2715027b349de542 100644 (file)
@@ -6,42 +6,64 @@ import hashlib
 import json
 import netrc
 import os
 import json
 import netrc
 import os
+import random
 import re
 import socket
 import sys
 import time
 import re
 import socket
 import sys
 import time
+import math
 
 from ..compat import (
     compat_cookiejar,
     compat_cookies,
 
 from ..compat import (
     compat_cookiejar,
     compat_cookies,
+    compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_getpass,
     compat_http_client,
     compat_getpass,
     compat_http_client,
+    compat_os_name,
+    compat_str,
     compat_urllib_error,
     compat_urllib_error,
-    compat_urllib_parse,
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
+    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
+    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
     compat_urllib_request,
     compat_urlparse,
     compat_urllib_request,
     compat_urlparse,
-    compat_str,
-    compat_etree_fromstring,
 )
 )
+from ..downloader.f4m import remove_encrypted_media
 from ..utils import (
     NO_DEFAULT,
     age_restricted,
 from ..utils import (
     NO_DEFAULT,
     age_restricted,
+    base_url,
     bug_reports_message,
     clean_html,
     compiled_regex_type,
     determine_ext,
     bug_reports_message,
     clean_html,
     compiled_regex_type,
     determine_ext,
+    error_to_compat_str,
     ExtractorError,
     fix_xml_ampersands,
     float_or_none,
     ExtractorError,
     fix_xml_ampersands,
     float_or_none,
+    GeoRestrictedError,
+    GeoUtils,
     int_or_none,
     int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    parse_iso8601,
     RegexNotFoundError,
     sanitize_filename,
     RegexNotFoundError,
     sanitize_filename,
+    sanitized_Request,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
+    unified_timestamp,
     url_basename,
     url_basename,
+    xpath_element,
     xpath_text,
     xpath_with_ns,
     xpath_text,
     xpath_with_ns,
+    determine_protocol,
+    parse_duration,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    update_Request,
+    update_url_query,
+    parse_m3u8_attributes,
+    extract_attributes,
+    parse_codecs,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
 )
 
 
@@ -72,6 +94,9 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
                     Potential fields:
                     * url        Mandatory. The URL of the video file
 
                     Potential fields:
                     * url        Mandatory. The URL of the video file
+                    * manifest_url
+                                 The URL of the manifest file in case of
+                                 fragmented media (DASH, hls, hds)
                     * ext        Will be calculated from URL if missing
                     * format     A human-readable description of the format
                                  ("mp4 container with h264/opus").
                     * ext        Will be calculated from URL if missing
                     * format     A human-readable description of the format
                                  ("mp4 container with h264/opus").
@@ -99,7 +124,22 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                     * protocol   The protocol that will be used for the actual
                                  download, lower-case.
                                  "http", "https", "rtsp", "rtmp", "rtmpe",
                     * protocol   The protocol that will be used for the actual
                                  download, lower-case.
                                  "http", "https", "rtsp", "rtmp", "rtmpe",
-                                 "m3u8", or "m3u8_native".
+                                 "m3u8", "m3u8_native" or "http_dash_segments".
+                    * fragment_base_url
+                                 Base URL for fragments. Each fragment's path
+                                 value (if present) will be relative to
+                                 this URL.
+                    * fragments  A list of fragments of a fragmented media.
+                                 Each fragment entry must contain either an url
+                                 or a path. If an url is present it should be
+                                 considered by a client. Otherwise both path and
+                                 fragment_base_url must be present. Here is
+                                 the list of all potential fields:
+                                 * "url" - fragment's URL
+                                 * "path" - fragment's path relative to
+                                            fragment_base_url
+                                 * "duration" (optional, int or float)
+                                 * "filesize" (optional, int)
                     * preference Order number of this format. If this field is
                                  present and not None, the formats get sorted
                                  by this field, regardless of all other values.
                     * preference Order number of this format. If this field is
                                  present and not None, the formats get sorted
                                  by this field, regardless of all other values.
@@ -107,8 +147,9 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                                  -2 or smaller for less than default.
                                  < -1000 to hide the format (if there is
                                     another one which is strictly better)
                                  -2 or smaller for less than default.
                                  < -1000 to hide the format (if there is
                                     another one which is strictly better)
-                    * language_preference  Is this in the correct requested
-                                 language?
+                    * language   Language code, e.g. "de" or "en-US".
+                    * language_preference  Is this in the language mentioned in
+                                 the URL?
                                  10 if it's what the URL is about,
                                  -1 for default (don't know),
                                  -10 otherwise, other values reserved for now.
                                  10 if it's what the URL is about,
                                  -1 for default (don't know),
                                  -10 otherwise, other values reserved for now.
@@ -148,26 +189,30 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                         * "height" (optional, int)
                         * "resolution" (optional, string "{width}x{height"},
                                         deprecated)
                         * "height" (optional, int)
                         * "resolution" (optional, string "{width}x{height"},
                                         deprecated)
+                        * "filesize" (optional, int)
     thumbnail:      Full URL to a video thumbnail image.
     description:    Full video description.
     uploader:       Full name of the video uploader.
     thumbnail:      Full URL to a video thumbnail image.
     description:    Full video description.
     uploader:       Full name of the video uploader.
-    creator:        The main artist who created the video.
+    license:        License name the video is licensed under.
+    creator:        The creator of the video.
     release_date:   The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released.
     timestamp:      UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available.
     upload_date:    Video upload date (YYYYMMDD).
                     If not explicitly set, calculated from timestamp.
     uploader_id:    Nickname or id of the video uploader.
     release_date:   The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released.
     timestamp:      UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available.
     upload_date:    Video upload date (YYYYMMDD).
                     If not explicitly set, calculated from timestamp.
     uploader_id:    Nickname or id of the video uploader.
+    uploader_url:   Full URL to a personal webpage of the video uploader.
     location:       Physical location where the video was filmed.
     subtitles:      The available subtitles as a dictionary in the format
     location:       Physical location where the video was filmed.
     subtitles:      The available subtitles as a dictionary in the format
-                    {language: subformats}. "subformats" is a list sorted from
-                    lower to higher preference, each element is a dictionary
-                    with the "ext" entry and one of:
+                    {tag: subformats}. "tag" is usually a language code, and
+                    "subformats" is a list sorted from lower to higher
+                    preference, each element is a dictionary with the "ext"
+                    entry and one of:
                         * "data": The subtitles file contents
                         * "url": A URL pointing to the subtitles file
                     "ext" will be calculated from URL if missing
     automatic_captions: Like 'subtitles', used by the YoutubeIE for
                     automatically generated captions
                         * "data": The subtitles file contents
                         * "url": A URL pointing to the subtitles file
                     "ext" will be calculated from URL if missing
     automatic_captions: Like 'subtitles', used by the YoutubeIE for
                     automatically generated captions
-    duration:       Length of the video in seconds, as an integer.
+    duration:       Length of the video in seconds, as an integer or float.
     view_count:     How many users have watched the video on the platform.
     like_count:     Number of positive ratings of the video
     dislike_count:  Number of negative ratings of the video
     view_count:     How many users have watched the video on the platform.
     like_count:     Number of positive ratings of the video
     dislike_count:  Number of negative ratings of the video
@@ -199,6 +244,44 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
     end_time:       Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as
                     specified in the URL.
 
     end_time:       Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as
                     specified in the URL.
 
+    The following fields should only be used when the video belongs to some logical
+    chapter or section:
+
+    chapter:        Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to.
+    chapter_number: Number of the chapter the video belongs to, as an integer.
+    chapter_id:     Id of the chapter the video belongs to, as a unicode string.
+
+    The following fields should only be used when the video is an episode of some
+    series, programme or podcast:
+
+    series:         Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to.
+    season:         Title of the season the video episode belongs to.
+    season_number:  Number of the season the video episode belongs to, as an integer.
+    season_id:      Id of the season the video episode belongs to, as a unicode string.
+    episode:        Title of the video episode. Unlike mandatory video title field,
+                    this field should denote the exact title of the video episode
+                    without any kind of decoration.
+    episode_number: Number of the video episode within a season, as an integer.
+    episode_id:     Id of the video episode, as a unicode string.
+
+    The following fields should only be used when the media is a track or a part of
+    a music album:
+
+    track:          Title of the track.
+    track_number:   Number of the track within an album or a disc, as an integer.
+    track_id:       Id of the track (useful in case of custom indexing, e.g. 6.iii),
+                    as a unicode string.
+    artist:         Artist(s) of the track.
+    genre:          Genre(s) of the track.
+    album:          Title of the album the track belongs to.
+    album_type:     Type of the album (e.g. "Demo", "Full-length", "Split", "Compilation", etc).
+    album_artist:   List of all artists appeared on the album (e.g.
+                    "Ash Borer / Fell Voices" or "Various Artists", useful for splits
+                    and compilations).
+    disc_number:    Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to,
+                    as an integer.
+    release_year:   Year (YYYY) when the album was released.
+
     Unless mentioned otherwise, the fields should be Unicode strings.
 
     Unless mentioned otherwise, None is equivalent to absence of information.
     Unless mentioned otherwise, the fields should be Unicode strings.
 
     Unless mentioned otherwise, None is equivalent to absence of information.
@@ -240,17 +323,34 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
     _real_extract() methods and define a _VALID_URL regexp.
     Probably, they should also be added to the list of extractors.
 
     _real_extract() methods and define a _VALID_URL regexp.
     Probably, they should also be added to the list of extractors.
 
+    _GEO_BYPASS attribute may be set to False in order to disable
+    geo restriction bypass mechanisms for a particular extractor.
+    Though it won't disable explicit geo restriction bypass based on
+    country code provided with geo_bypass_country. (experimental)
+
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted
+    countries for this extractor. One of these countries will be used by
+    geo restriction bypass mechanism right away in order to bypass
+    geo restriction, of course, if the mechanism is not disabled. (experimental)
+
+    NB: both these geo attributes are experimental and may change in future
+    or be completely removed.
+
     Finally, the _WORKING attribute should be set to False for broken IEs
     in order to warn the users and skip the tests.
     """
 
     _ready = False
     _downloader = None
     Finally, the _WORKING attribute should be set to False for broken IEs
     in order to warn the users and skip the tests.
     """
 
     _ready = False
     _downloader = None
+    _x_forwarded_for_ip = None
+    _GEO_BYPASS = True
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = None
     _WORKING = True
 
     def __init__(self, downloader=None):
         """Constructor. Receives an optional downloader."""
         self._ready = False
     _WORKING = True
 
     def __init__(self, downloader=None):
         """Constructor. Receives an optional downloader."""
         self._ready = False
+        self._x_forwarded_for_ip = None
         self.set_downloader(downloader)
 
     @classmethod
         self.set_downloader(downloader)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -279,21 +379,80 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
     def initialize(self):
         """Initializes an instance (authentication, etc)."""
 
     def initialize(self):
         """Initializes an instance (authentication, etc)."""
+        self._initialize_geo_bypass(self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
         if not self._ready:
             self._real_initialize()
             self._ready = True
 
         if not self._ready:
             self._real_initialize()
             self._ready = True
 
+    def _initialize_geo_bypass(self, countries):
+        """
+        Initialize geo restriction bypass mechanism.
+
+        This method is used to initialize geo bypass mechanism based on faking
+        X-Forwarded-For HTTP header. A random country from provided country list
+        is selected and a random IP belonging to this country is generated. This
+        IP will be passed as X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in all subsequent
+        HTTP requests.
+
+        This method will be used for initial geo bypass mechanism initialization
+        during the instance initialization with _GEO_COUNTRIES.
+
+        You may also manually call it from extractor's code if geo countries
+        information is not available beforehand (e.g. obtained during
+        extraction) or due to some another reason.
+        """
+        if not self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
+            country_code = self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass_country', None)
+            # If there is no explicit country for geo bypass specified and
+            # the extractor is known to be geo restricted let's fake IP
+            # as X-Forwarded-For right away.
+            if (not country_code and
+                    self._GEO_BYPASS and
+                    self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass', True) and
+                    countries):
+                country_code = random.choice(countries)
+            if country_code:
+                self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country_code)
+                if self._downloader.params.get('verbose', False):
+                    self._downloader.to_stdout(
+                        '[debug] Using fake IP %s (%s) as X-Forwarded-For.'
+                        % (self._x_forwarded_for_ip, country_code.upper()))
+
     def extract(self, url):
         """Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts."""
         try:
     def extract(self, url):
         """Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts."""
         try:
-            self.initialize()
-            return self._real_extract(url)
+            for _ in range(2):
+                try:
+                    self.initialize()
+                    ie_result = self._real_extract(url)
+                    if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
+                        ie_result['__x_forwarded_for_ip'] = self._x_forwarded_for_ip
+                    return ie_result
+                except GeoRestrictedError as e:
+                    if self.__maybe_fake_ip_and_retry(e.countries):
+                        continue
+                    raise
         except ExtractorError:
             raise
         except compat_http_client.IncompleteRead as e:
         except ExtractorError:
             raise
         except compat_http_client.IncompleteRead as e:
-            raise ExtractorError('A network error has occured.', cause=e, expected=True)
+            raise ExtractorError('A network error has occurred.', cause=e, expected=True)
         except (KeyError, StopIteration) as e:
         except (KeyError, StopIteration) as e:
-            raise ExtractorError('An extractor error has occured.', cause=e)
+            raise ExtractorError('An extractor error has occurred.', cause=e)
+
+    def __maybe_fake_ip_and_retry(self, countries):
+        if (not self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass_country', None) and
+                self._GEO_BYPASS and
+                self._downloader.params.get('geo_bypass', True) and
+                not self._x_forwarded_for_ip and
+                countries):
+            country_code = random.choice(countries)
+            self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country_code)
+            if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    'Video is geo restricted. Retrying extraction with fake IP %s (%s) as X-Forwarded-For.'
+                    % (self._x_forwarded_for_ip, country_code.upper()))
+                return True
+        return False
 
     def set_downloader(self, downloader):
         """Sets the downloader for this IE."""
 
     def set_downloader(self, downloader):
         """Sets the downloader for this IE."""
@@ -316,7 +475,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
     def IE_NAME(self):
         return compat_str(type(self).__name__[:-2])
 
     def IE_NAME(self):
         return compat_str(type(self).__name__[:-2])
 
-    def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True):
+    def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
         """ Returns the response handle """
         if note is None:
             self.report_download_webpage(video_id)
         """ Returns the response handle """
         if note is None:
             self.report_download_webpage(video_id)
@@ -325,6 +484,14 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 self.to_screen('%s' % (note,))
             else:
                 self.to_screen('%s: %s' % (video_id, note))
                 self.to_screen('%s' % (note,))
             else:
                 self.to_screen('%s: %s' % (video_id, note))
+        if isinstance(url_or_request, compat_urllib_request.Request):
+            url_or_request = update_Request(
+                url_or_request, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
+        else:
+            if query:
+                url_or_request = update_url_query(url_or_request, query)
+            if data is not None or headers:
+                url_or_request = sanitized_Request(url_or_request, data, headers)
         try:
             return self._downloader.urlopen(url_or_request)
         except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
         try:
             return self._downloader.urlopen(url_or_request)
         except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
@@ -332,20 +499,30 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 return False
             if errnote is None:
                 errnote = 'Unable to download webpage'
                 return False
             if errnote is None:
                 errnote = 'Unable to download webpage'
-            errmsg = '%s: %s' % (errnote, compat_str(err))
+
+            errmsg = '%s: %s' % (errnote, error_to_compat_str(err))
             if fatal:
                 raise ExtractorError(errmsg, sys.exc_info()[2], cause=err)
             else:
                 self._downloader.report_warning(errmsg)
                 return False
 
             if fatal:
                 raise ExtractorError(errmsg, sys.exc_info()[2], cause=err)
             else:
                 self._downloader.report_warning(errmsg)
                 return False
 
-    def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, encoding=None):
+    def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
         """ Returns a tuple (page content as string, URL handle) """
         # Strip hashes from the URL (#1038)
         if isinstance(url_or_request, (compat_str, str)):
             url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0]
 
         """ Returns a tuple (page content as string, URL handle) """
         # Strip hashes from the URL (#1038)
         if isinstance(url_or_request, (compat_str, str)):
             url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0]
 
-        urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal)
+        # Some sites check X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in order to figure out
+        # the origin of the client behind proxy. This allows bypassing geo
+        # restriction by faking this header's value to IP that belongs to some
+        # geo unrestricted country. We will do so once we encounter any
+        # geo restriction error.
+        if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
+            if 'X-Forwarded-For' not in headers:
+                headers['X-Forwarded-For'] = self._x_forwarded_for_ip
+
+        urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
         if urlh is False:
             assert not fatal
             return False
         if urlh is False:
             assert not fatal
             return False
@@ -398,7 +575,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             self.to_screen('Saving request to ' + filename)
             # Working around MAX_PATH limitation on Windows (see
             # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx)
             self.to_screen('Saving request to ' + filename)
             # Working around MAX_PATH limitation on Windows (see
             # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx)
-            if os.name == 'nt':
+            if compat_os_name == 'nt':
                 absfilepath = os.path.abspath(filename)
                 if len(absfilepath) > 259:
                     filename = '\\\\?\\' + absfilepath
                 absfilepath = os.path.abspath(filename)
                 if len(absfilepath) > 259:
                     filename = '\\\\?\\' + absfilepath
@@ -432,13 +609,13 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
         return content
 
 
         return content
 
-    def _download_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, tries=1, timeout=5, encoding=None):
+    def _download_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, tries=1, timeout=5, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
         """ Returns the data of the page as a string """
         success = False
         try_count = 0
         while success is False:
             try:
         """ Returns the data of the page as a string """
         success = False
         try_count = 0
         while success is False:
             try:
-                res = self._download_webpage_handle(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, encoding=encoding)
+                res = self._download_webpage_handle(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
                 success = True
             except compat_http_client.IncompleteRead as e:
                 try_count += 1
                 success = True
             except compat_http_client.IncompleteRead as e:
                 try_count += 1
@@ -453,10 +630,10 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
     def _download_xml(self, url_or_request, video_id,
                       note='Downloading XML', errnote='Unable to download XML',
 
     def _download_xml(self, url_or_request, video_id,
                       note='Downloading XML', errnote='Unable to download XML',
-                      transform_source=None, fatal=True, encoding=None):
+                      transform_source=None, fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
         """Return the xml as an xml.etree.ElementTree.Element"""
         xml_string = self._download_webpage(
         """Return the xml as an xml.etree.ElementTree.Element"""
         xml_string = self._download_webpage(
-            url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal, encoding=encoding)
+            url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal, encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
         if xml_string is False:
             return xml_string
         if transform_source:
         if xml_string is False:
             return xml_string
         if transform_source:
@@ -467,10 +644,10 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                        note='Downloading JSON metadata',
                        errnote='Unable to download JSON metadata',
                        transform_source=None,
                        note='Downloading JSON metadata',
                        errnote='Unable to download JSON metadata',
                        transform_source=None,
-                       fatal=True, encoding=None):
+                       fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
         json_string = self._download_webpage(
             url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal,
         json_string = self._download_webpage(
             url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal,
-            encoding=encoding)
+            encoding=encoding, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
         if (not fatal) and json_string is False:
             return None
         return self._parse_json(
         if (not fatal) and json_string is False:
             return None
         return self._parse_json(
@@ -520,10 +697,8 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             expected=True)
 
     @staticmethod
             expected=True)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def raise_geo_restricted(msg='This video is not available from your location due to geo restriction'):
-        raise ExtractorError(
-            '%s. You might want to use --proxy to workaround.' % msg,
-            expected=True)
+    def raise_geo_restricted(msg='This video is not available from your location due to geo restriction', countries=None):
+        raise GeoRestrictedError(msg, countries=countries)
 
     # Methods for following #608
     @staticmethod
 
     # Methods for following #608
     @staticmethod
@@ -567,7 +742,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 if mobj:
                     break
 
                 if mobj:
                     break
 
-        if not self._downloader.params.get('no_color') and os.name != 'nt' and sys.stderr.isatty():
+        if not self._downloader.params.get('no_color') and compat_os_name != 'nt' and sys.stderr.isatty():
             _name = '\033[0;34m%s\033[0m' % name
         else:
             _name = name
             _name = '\033[0;34m%s\033[0m' % name
         else:
             _name = name
@@ -596,35 +771,48 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         else:
             return res
 
         else:
             return res
 
-    def _get_login_info(self):
+    def _get_netrc_login_info(self, netrc_machine=None):
+        username = None
+        password = None
+        netrc_machine = netrc_machine or self._NETRC_MACHINE
+
+        if self._downloader.params.get('usenetrc', False):
+            try:
+                info = netrc.netrc().authenticators(netrc_machine)
+                if info is not None:
+                    username = info[0]
+                    password = info[2]
+                else:
+                    raise netrc.NetrcParseError(
+                        'No authenticators for %s' % netrc_machine)
+            except (IOError, netrc.NetrcParseError) as err:
+                self._downloader.report_warning(
+                    'parsing .netrc: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
+
+        return username, password
+
+    def _get_login_info(self, username_option='username', password_option='password', netrc_machine=None):
         """
         Get the login info as (username, password)
         """
         Get the login info as (username, password)
-        It will look in the netrc file using the _NETRC_MACHINE value
+        First look for the manually specified credentials using username_option
+        and password_option as keys in params dictionary. If no such credentials
+        available look in the netrc file using the netrc_machine or _NETRC_MACHINE
+        value.
         If there's no info available, return (None, None)
         """
         if self._downloader is None:
             return (None, None)
 
         If there's no info available, return (None, None)
         """
         if self._downloader is None:
             return (None, None)
 
-        username = None
-        password = None
         downloader_params = self._downloader.params
 
         # Attempt to use provided username and password or .netrc data
         downloader_params = self._downloader.params
 
         # Attempt to use provided username and password or .netrc data
-        if downloader_params.get('username', None) is not None:
-            username = downloader_params['username']
-            password = downloader_params['password']
-        elif downloader_params.get('usenetrc', False):
-            try:
-                info = netrc.netrc().authenticators(self._NETRC_MACHINE)
-                if info is not None:
-                    username = info[0]
-                    password = info[2]
-                else:
-                    raise netrc.NetrcParseError('No authenticators for %s' % self._NETRC_MACHINE)
-            except (IOError, netrc.NetrcParseError) as err:
-                self._downloader.report_warning('parsing .netrc: %s' % compat_str(err))
+        if downloader_params.get(username_option) is not None:
+            username = downloader_params[username_option]
+            password = downloader_params[password_option]
+        else:
+            username, password = self._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine)
 
 
-        return (username, password)
+        return username, password
 
     def _get_tfa_info(self, note='two-factor verification code'):
         """
 
     def _get_tfa_info(self, note='two-factor verification code'):
         """
@@ -637,7 +825,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             return None
         downloader_params = self._downloader.params
 
             return None
         downloader_params = self._downloader.params
 
-        if downloader_params.get('twofactor', None) is not None:
+        if downloader_params.get('twofactor') is not None:
             return downloader_params['twofactor']
 
         return compat_getpass('Type %s and press [Return]: ' % note)
             return downloader_params['twofactor']
 
         return compat_getpass('Type %s and press [Return]: ' % note)
@@ -661,9 +849,14 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                     [^>]+?content=(["\'])(?P<content>.*?)\2''' % re.escape(prop)
 
     def _og_search_property(self, prop, html, name=None, **kargs):
                     [^>]+?content=(["\'])(?P<content>.*?)\2''' % re.escape(prop)
 
     def _og_search_property(self, prop, html, name=None, **kargs):
+        if not isinstance(prop, (list, tuple)):
+            prop = [prop]
         if name is None:
         if name is None:
-            name = 'OpenGraph %s' % prop
-        escaped = self._search_regex(self._og_regexes(prop), html, name, flags=re.DOTALL, **kargs)
+            name = 'OpenGraph %s' % prop[0]
+        og_regexes = []
+        for p in prop:
+            og_regexes.extend(self._og_regexes(p))
+        escaped = self._search_regex(og_regexes, html, name, flags=re.DOTALL, **kargs)
         if escaped is None:
             return None
         return unescapeHTML(escaped)
         if escaped is None:
             return None
         return unescapeHTML(escaped)
@@ -687,10 +880,12 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         return self._og_search_property('url', html, **kargs)
 
     def _html_search_meta(self, name, html, display_name=None, fatal=False, **kwargs):
         return self._og_search_property('url', html, **kargs)
 
     def _html_search_meta(self, name, html, display_name=None, fatal=False, **kwargs):
+        if not isinstance(name, (list, tuple)):
+            name = [name]
         if display_name is None:
         if display_name is None:
-            display_name = name
+            display_name = name[0]
         return self._html_search_regex(
         return self._html_search_regex(
-            self._meta_regex(name),
+            [self._meta_regex(n) for n in name],
             html, display_name, fatal=fatal, group='content', **kwargs)
 
     def _dc_search_uploader(self, html):
             html, display_name, fatal=fatal, group='content', **kwargs)
 
     def _dc_search_uploader(self, html):
@@ -718,7 +913,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             'mature': 17,
             'restricted': 19,
         }
             'mature': 17,
             'restricted': 19,
         }
-        return RATING_TABLE.get(rating.lower(), None)
+        return RATING_TABLE.get(rating.lower())
 
     def _family_friendly_search(self, html):
         # See http://schema.org/VideoObject
 
     def _family_friendly_search(self, html):
         # See http://schema.org/VideoObject
@@ -733,26 +928,88 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             '0': 18,
             'false': 18,
         }
             '0': 18,
             'false': 18,
         }
-        return RATING_TABLE.get(family_friendly.lower(), None)
+        return RATING_TABLE.get(family_friendly.lower())
 
     def _twitter_search_player(self, html):
         return self._html_search_meta('twitter:player', html,
                                       'twitter card player')
 
 
     def _twitter_search_player(self, html):
         return self._html_search_meta('twitter:player', html,
                                       'twitter card player')
 
+    def _search_json_ld(self, html, video_id, expected_type=None, **kwargs):
+        json_ld = self._search_regex(
+            r'(?s)<script[^>]+type=(["\'])application/ld\+json\1[^>]*>(?P<json_ld>.+?)</script>',
+            html, 'JSON-LD', group='json_ld', **kwargs)
+        default = kwargs.get('default', NO_DEFAULT)
+        if not json_ld:
+            return default if default is not NO_DEFAULT else {}
+        # JSON-LD may be malformed and thus `fatal` should be respected.
+        # At the same time `default` may be passed that assumes `fatal=False`
+        # for _search_regex. Let's simulate the same behavior here as well.
+        fatal = kwargs.get('fatal', True) if default == NO_DEFAULT else False
+        return self._json_ld(json_ld, video_id, fatal=fatal, expected_type=expected_type)
+
+    def _json_ld(self, json_ld, video_id, fatal=True, expected_type=None):
+        if isinstance(json_ld, compat_str):
+            json_ld = self._parse_json(json_ld, video_id, fatal=fatal)
+        if not json_ld:
+            return {}
+        info = {}
+        if not isinstance(json_ld, (list, tuple, dict)):
+            return info
+        if isinstance(json_ld, dict):
+            json_ld = [json_ld]
+        for e in json_ld:
+            if e.get('@context') == 'http://schema.org':
+                item_type = e.get('@type')
+                if expected_type is not None and expected_type != item_type:
+                    return info
+                if item_type == 'TVEpisode':
+                    info.update({
+                        'episode': unescapeHTML(e.get('name')),
+                        'episode_number': int_or_none(e.get('episodeNumber')),
+                        'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('description')),
+                    })
+                    part_of_season = e.get('partOfSeason')
+                    if isinstance(part_of_season, dict) and part_of_season.get('@type') == 'TVSeason':
+                        info['season_number'] = int_or_none(part_of_season.get('seasonNumber'))
+                    part_of_series = e.get('partOfSeries') or e.get('partOfTVSeries')
+                    if isinstance(part_of_series, dict) and part_of_series.get('@type') == 'TVSeries':
+                        info['series'] = unescapeHTML(part_of_series.get('name'))
+                elif item_type == 'Article':
+                    info.update({
+                        'timestamp': parse_iso8601(e.get('datePublished')),
+                        'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('headline')),
+                        'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('articleBody')),
+                    })
+                elif item_type == 'VideoObject':
+                    info.update({
+                        'url': e.get('contentUrl'),
+                        'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('name')),
+                        'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('description')),
+                        'thumbnail': e.get('thumbnailUrl') or e.get('thumbnailURL'),
+                        'duration': parse_duration(e.get('duration')),
+                        'timestamp': unified_timestamp(e.get('uploadDate')),
+                        'filesize': float_or_none(e.get('contentSize')),
+                        'tbr': int_or_none(e.get('bitrate')),
+                        'width': int_or_none(e.get('width')),
+                        'height': int_or_none(e.get('height')),
+                    })
+                break
+        return dict((k, v) for k, v in info.items() if v is not None)
+
     @staticmethod
     def _hidden_inputs(html):
         html = re.sub(r'<!--(?:(?!<!--).)*-->', '', html)
         hidden_inputs = {}
     @staticmethod
     def _hidden_inputs(html):
         html = re.sub(r'<!--(?:(?!<!--).)*-->', '', html)
         hidden_inputs = {}
-        for input in re.findall(r'(?i)<input([^>]+)>', html):
-            if not re.search(r'type=(["\'])(?:hidden|submit)\1', input):
-                continue
-            name = re.search(r'name=(["\'])(?P<value>.+?)\1', input)
-            if not name:
+        for input in re.findall(r'(?i)(<input[^>]+>)', html):
+            attrs = extract_attributes(input)
+            if not input:
                 continue
                 continue
-            value = re.search(r'value=(["\'])(?P<value>.*?)\1', input)
-            if not value:
+            if attrs.get('type') not in ('hidden', 'submit'):
                 continue
                 continue
-            hidden_inputs[name.group('value')] = value.group('value')
+            name = attrs.get('name') or attrs.get('id')
+            value = attrs.get('value')
+            if name and value is not None:
+                hidden_inputs[name] = value
         return hidden_inputs
 
     def _form_hidden_inputs(self, form_id, html):
         return hidden_inputs
 
     def _form_hidden_inputs(self, form_id, html):
@@ -765,6 +1022,12 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         if not formats:
             raise ExtractorError('No video formats found')
 
         if not formats:
             raise ExtractorError('No video formats found')
 
+        for f in formats:
+            # Automatically determine tbr when missing based on abr and vbr (improves
+            # formats sorting in some cases)
+            if 'tbr' not in f and f.get('abr') is not None and f.get('vbr') is not None:
+                f['tbr'] = f['abr'] + f['vbr']
+
         def _formats_key(f):
             # TODO remove the following workaround
             from ..utils import determine_ext
         def _formats_key(f):
             # TODO remove the following workaround
             from ..utils import determine_ext
@@ -772,19 +1035,23 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 f['ext'] = determine_ext(f['url'])
 
             if isinstance(field_preference, (list, tuple)):
                 f['ext'] = determine_ext(f['url'])
 
             if isinstance(field_preference, (list, tuple)):
-                return tuple(f.get(field) if f.get(field) is not None else -1 for field in field_preference)
+                return tuple(
+                    f.get(field)
+                    if f.get(field) is not None
+                    else ('' if field == 'format_id' else -1)
+                    for field in field_preference)
 
             preference = f.get('preference')
             if preference is None:
 
             preference = f.get('preference')
             if preference is None:
-                proto = f.get('protocol')
-                if proto is None:
-                    proto = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(f.get('url', '')).scheme
-
-                preference = 0 if proto in ['http', 'https'] else -0.1
+                preference = 0
                 if f.get('ext') in ['f4f', 'f4m']:  # Not yet supported
                     preference -= 0.5
 
                 if f.get('ext') in ['f4f', 'f4m']:  # Not yet supported
                     preference -= 0.5
 
+            protocol = f.get('protocol') or determine_protocol(f)
+            proto_preference = 0 if protocol in ['http', 'https'] else (-0.5 if protocol == 'rtsp' else -0.1)
+
             if f.get('vcodec') == 'none':  # audio only
             if f.get('vcodec') == 'none':  # audio only
+                preference -= 50
                 if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats'):
                     ORDER = ['aac', 'mp3', 'm4a', 'webm', 'ogg', 'opus']
                 else:
                 if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats'):
                     ORDER = ['aac', 'mp3', 'm4a', 'webm', 'ogg', 'opus']
                 else:
@@ -795,6 +1062,8 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 except ValueError:
                     audio_ext_preference = -1
             else:
                 except ValueError:
                     audio_ext_preference = -1
             else:
+                if f.get('acodec') == 'none':  # video only
+                    preference -= 40
                 if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats'):
                     ORDER = ['flv', 'mp4', 'webm']
                 else:
                 if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats'):
                     ORDER = ['flv', 'mp4', 'webm']
                 else:
@@ -814,6 +1083,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 f.get('vbr') if f.get('vbr') is not None else -1,
                 f.get('height') if f.get('height') is not None else -1,
                 f.get('width') if f.get('width') is not None else -1,
                 f.get('vbr') if f.get('vbr') is not None else -1,
                 f.get('height') if f.get('height') is not None else -1,
                 f.get('width') if f.get('width') is not None else -1,
+                proto_preference,
                 ext_preference,
                 f.get('abr') if f.get('abr') is not None else -1,
                 audio_ext_preference,
                 ext_preference,
                 f.get('abr') if f.get('abr') is not None else -1,
                 audio_ext_preference,
@@ -832,13 +1102,23 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                     item='%s video format' % f.get('format_id') if f.get('format_id') else 'video'),
                 formats)
 
                     item='%s video format' % f.get('format_id') if f.get('format_id') else 'video'),
                 formats)
 
-    def _is_valid_url(self, url, video_id, item='video'):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _remove_duplicate_formats(formats):
+        format_urls = set()
+        unique_formats = []
+        for f in formats:
+            if f['url'] not in format_urls:
+                format_urls.add(f['url'])
+                unique_formats.append(f)
+        formats[:] = unique_formats
+
+    def _is_valid_url(self, url, video_id, item='video', headers={}):
         url = self._proto_relative_url(url, scheme='http:')
         # For now assume non HTTP(S) URLs always valid
         if not (url.startswith('http://') or url.startswith('https://')):
             return True
         try:
         url = self._proto_relative_url(url, scheme='http:')
         # For now assume non HTTP(S) URLs always valid
         if not (url.startswith('http://') or url.startswith('https://')):
             return True
         try:
-            self._request_webpage(url, video_id, 'Checking %s URL' % item)
+            self._request_webpage(url, video_id, 'Checking %s URL' % item, headers=headers)
             return True
         except ExtractorError as e:
             if isinstance(e.cause, compat_urllib_error.URLError):
             return True
         except ExtractorError as e:
             if isinstance(e.cause, compat_urllib_error.URLError):
@@ -873,7 +1153,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
     def _extract_f4m_formats(self, manifest_url, video_id, preference=None, f4m_id=None,
                              transform_source=lambda s: fix_xml_ampersands(s).strip(),
 
     def _extract_f4m_formats(self, manifest_url, video_id, preference=None, f4m_id=None,
                              transform_source=lambda s: fix_xml_ampersands(s).strip(),
-                             fatal=True):
+                             fatal=True, m3u8_id=None):
         manifest = self._download_xml(
             manifest_url, video_id, 'Downloading f4m manifest',
             'Unable to download f4m manifest',
         manifest = self._download_xml(
             manifest_url, video_id, 'Downloading f4m manifest',
             'Unable to download f4m manifest',
@@ -883,7 +1163,21 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             fatal=fatal)
 
         if manifest is False:
             fatal=fatal)
 
         if manifest is False:
-            return manifest
+            return []
+
+        return self._parse_f4m_formats(
+            manifest, manifest_url, video_id, preference=preference, f4m_id=f4m_id,
+            transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal, m3u8_id=m3u8_id)
+
+    def _parse_f4m_formats(self, manifest, manifest_url, video_id, preference=None, f4m_id=None,
+                           transform_source=lambda s: fix_xml_ampersands(s).strip(),
+                           fatal=True, m3u8_id=None):
+        # currently youtube-dl cannot decode the playerVerificationChallenge as Akamai uses Adobe Alchemy
+        akamai_pv = manifest.find('{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}pv-2.0')
+        if akamai_pv is not None and ';' in akamai_pv.text:
+            playerVerificationChallenge = akamai_pv.text.split(';')[0]
+            if playerVerificationChallenge.strip() != '':
+                return []
 
         formats = []
         manifest_version = '1.0'
 
         formats = []
         manifest_version = '1.0'
@@ -891,57 +1185,105 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         if not media_nodes:
             manifest_version = '2.0'
             media_nodes = manifest.findall('{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}media')
         if not media_nodes:
             manifest_version = '2.0'
             media_nodes = manifest.findall('{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}media')
+        # Remove unsupported DRM protected media from final formats
+        # rendition (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/8573).
+        media_nodes = remove_encrypted_media(media_nodes)
+        if not media_nodes:
+            return formats
+        base_url = xpath_text(
+            manifest, ['{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}baseURL', '{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}baseURL'],
+            'base URL', default=None)
+        if base_url:
+            base_url = base_url.strip()
+
+        bootstrap_info = xpath_element(
+            manifest, ['{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}bootstrapInfo', '{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}bootstrapInfo'],
+            'bootstrap info', default=None)
+
+        vcodec = None
+        mime_type = xpath_text(
+            manifest, ['{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}mimeType', '{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}mimeType'],
+            'base URL', default=None)
+        if mime_type and mime_type.startswith('audio/'):
+            vcodec = 'none'
+
         for i, media_el in enumerate(media_nodes):
         for i, media_el in enumerate(media_nodes):
-            if manifest_version == '2.0':
-                media_url = media_el.attrib.get('href') or media_el.attrib.get('url')
+            tbr = int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('bitrate'))
+            width = int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('width'))
+            height = int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('height'))
+            format_id = '-'.join(filter(None, [f4m_id, compat_str(i if tbr is None else tbr)]))
+            # If <bootstrapInfo> is present, the specified f4m is a
+            # stream-level manifest, and only set-level manifests may refer to
+            # external resources.  See section 11.4 and section 4 of F4M spec
+            if bootstrap_info is None:
+                media_url = None
+                # @href is introduced in 2.0, see section 11.6 of F4M spec
+                if manifest_version == '2.0':
+                    media_url = media_el.attrib.get('href')
+                if media_url is None:
+                    media_url = media_el.attrib.get('url')
                 if not media_url:
                     continue
                 manifest_url = (
                     media_url if media_url.startswith('http://') or media_url.startswith('https://')
                 if not media_url:
                     continue
                 manifest_url = (
                     media_url if media_url.startswith('http://') or media_url.startswith('https://')
-                    else ('/'.join(manifest_url.split('/')[:-1]) + '/' + media_url))
+                    else ((base_url or '/'.join(manifest_url.split('/')[:-1])) + '/' + media_url))
                 # If media_url is itself a f4m manifest do the recursive extraction
                 # since bitrates in parent manifest (this one) and media_url manifest
                 # may differ leading to inability to resolve the format by requested
                 # bitrate in f4m downloader
                 # If media_url is itself a f4m manifest do the recursive extraction
                 # since bitrates in parent manifest (this one) and media_url manifest
                 # may differ leading to inability to resolve the format by requested
                 # bitrate in f4m downloader
-                if determine_ext(manifest_url) == 'f4m':
+                ext = determine_ext(manifest_url)
+                if ext == 'f4m':
                     f4m_formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(
                     f4m_formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(
-                        manifest_url, video_id, preference, f4m_id, fatal=fatal)
-                    if f4m_formats:
-                        formats.extend(f4m_formats)
+                        manifest_url, video_id, preference=preference, f4m_id=f4m_id,
+                        transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal)
+                    # Sometimes stream-level manifest contains single media entry that
+                    # does not contain any quality metadata (e.g. http://matchtv.ru/#live-player).
+                    # At the same time parent's media entry in set-level manifest may
+                    # contain it. We will copy it from parent in such cases.
+                    if len(f4m_formats) == 1:
+                        f = f4m_formats[0]
+                        f.update({
+                            'tbr': f.get('tbr') or tbr,
+                            'width': f.get('width') or width,
+                            'height': f.get('height') or height,
+                            'format_id': f.get('format_id') if not tbr else format_id,
+                            'vcodec': vcodec,
+                        })
+                    formats.extend(f4m_formats)
+                    continue
+                elif ext == 'm3u8':
+                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                        manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', preference=preference,
+                        m3u8_id=m3u8_id, fatal=fatal))
                     continue
                     continue
-            tbr = int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('bitrate'))
             formats.append({
             formats.append({
-                'format_id': '-'.join(filter(None, [f4m_id, compat_str(i if tbr is None else tbr)])),
+                'format_id': format_id,
                 'url': manifest_url,
                 'url': manifest_url,
-                'ext': 'flv',
+                'manifest_url': manifest_url,
+                'ext': 'flv' if bootstrap_info is not None else None,
                 'tbr': tbr,
                 'tbr': tbr,
-                'width': int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('width')),
-                'height': int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('height')),
+                'width': width,
+                'height': height,
+                'vcodec': vcodec,
                 'preference': preference,
             })
                 'preference': preference,
             })
-        self._sort_formats(formats)
-
         return formats
 
         return formats
 
-    def _extract_m3u8_formats(self, m3u8_url, video_id, ext=None,
-                              entry_protocol='m3u8', preference=None,
-                              m3u8_id=None, note=None, errnote=None,
-                              fatal=True):
-
-        formats = [{
+    def _m3u8_meta_format(self, m3u8_url, ext=None, preference=None, m3u8_id=None):
+        return {
             'format_id': '-'.join(filter(None, [m3u8_id, 'meta'])),
             'url': m3u8_url,
             'ext': ext,
             'protocol': 'm3u8',
             'format_id': '-'.join(filter(None, [m3u8_id, 'meta'])),
             'url': m3u8_url,
             'ext': ext,
             'protocol': 'm3u8',
-            'preference': preference - 1 if preference else -1,
+            'preference': preference - 100 if preference else -100,
             'resolution': 'multiple',
             'format_note': 'Quality selection URL',
             'resolution': 'multiple',
             'format_note': 'Quality selection URL',
-        }]
+        }
 
 
-        format_url = lambda u: (
-            u
-            if re.match(r'^https?://', u)
-            else compat_urlparse.urljoin(m3u8_url, u))
+    def _extract_m3u8_formats(self, m3u8_url, video_id, ext=None,
+                              entry_protocol='m3u8', preference=None,
+                              m3u8_id=None, note=None, errnote=None,
+                              fatal=True, live=False):
 
         res = self._download_webpage_handle(
             m3u8_url, video_id,
 
         res = self._download_webpage_handle(
             m3u8_url, video_id,
@@ -949,67 +1291,126 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             errnote=errnote or 'Failed to download m3u8 information',
             fatal=fatal)
         if res is False:
             errnote=errnote or 'Failed to download m3u8 information',
             fatal=fatal)
         if res is False:
-            return res
+            return []
         m3u8_doc, urlh = res
         m3u8_url = urlh.geturl()
         m3u8_doc, urlh = res
         m3u8_url = urlh.geturl()
-        last_info = None
-        last_media = None
-        kv_rex = re.compile(
-            r'(?P<key>[a-zA-Z_-]+)=(?P<val>"[^"]+"|[^",]+)(?:,|$)')
+
+        if '#EXT-X-FAXS-CM:' in m3u8_doc:  # Adobe Flash Access
+            return []
+
+        formats = [self._m3u8_meta_format(m3u8_url, ext, preference, m3u8_id)]
+
+        format_url = lambda u: (
+            u
+            if re.match(r'^https?://', u)
+            else compat_urlparse.urljoin(m3u8_url, u))
+
+        # We should try extracting formats only from master playlists [1], i.e.
+        # playlists that describe available qualities. On the other hand media
+        # playlists [2] should be returned as is since they contain just the media
+        # without qualities renditions.
+        # Fortunately, master playlist can be easily distinguished from media
+        # playlist based on particular tags availability. As of [1, 2] master
+        # playlist tags MUST NOT appear in a media playist and vice versa.
+        # As of [3] #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION tag is REQUIRED for every media playlist
+        # and MUST NOT appear in master playlist thus we can clearly detect media
+        # playlist with this criterion.
+        # 1. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-17#section-4.3.4
+        # 2. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-17#section-4.3.3
+        # 3. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-17#section-4.3.3.1
+        if '#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION' in m3u8_doc:  # media playlist, return as is
+            return [{
+                'url': m3u8_url,
+                'format_id': m3u8_id,
+                'ext': ext,
+                'protocol': entry_protocol,
+                'preference': preference,
+            }]
+        audio_in_video_stream = {}
+        last_info = {}
+        last_media = {}
         for line in m3u8_doc.splitlines():
             if line.startswith('#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:'):
         for line in m3u8_doc.splitlines():
             if line.startswith('#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:'):
-                last_info = {}
-                for m in kv_rex.finditer(line):
-                    v = m.group('val')
-                    if v.startswith('"'):
-                        v = v[1:-1]
-                    last_info[m.group('key')] = v
+                last_info = parse_m3u8_attributes(line)
             elif line.startswith('#EXT-X-MEDIA:'):
             elif line.startswith('#EXT-X-MEDIA:'):
-                last_media = {}
-                for m in kv_rex.finditer(line):
-                    v = m.group('val')
-                    if v.startswith('"'):
-                        v = v[1:-1]
-                    last_media[m.group('key')] = v
+                media = parse_m3u8_attributes(line)
+                media_type = media.get('TYPE')
+                if media_type in ('VIDEO', 'AUDIO'):
+                    group_id = media.get('GROUP-ID')
+                    media_url = media.get('URI')
+                    if media_url:
+                        format_id = []
+                        for v in (group_id, media.get('NAME')):
+                            if v:
+                                format_id.append(v)
+                        f = {
+                            'format_id': '-'.join(format_id),
+                            'url': format_url(media_url),
+                            'language': media.get('LANGUAGE'),
+                            'ext': ext,
+                            'protocol': entry_protocol,
+                            'preference': preference,
+                        }
+                        if media_type == 'AUDIO':
+                            f['vcodec'] = 'none'
+                            if group_id and not audio_in_video_stream.get(group_id):
+                                audio_in_video_stream[group_id] = False
+                        formats.append(f)
+                    else:
+                        # When there is no URI in EXT-X-MEDIA let this tag's
+                        # data be used by regular URI lines below
+                        last_media = media
+                        if media_type == 'AUDIO' and group_id:
+                            audio_in_video_stream[group_id] = True
             elif line.startswith('#') or not line.strip():
                 continue
             else:
             elif line.startswith('#') or not line.strip():
                 continue
             else:
-                if last_info is None:
-                    formats.append({'url': format_url(line)})
-                    continue
-                tbr = int_or_none(last_info.get('BANDWIDTH'), scale=1000)
+                tbr = int_or_none(last_info.get('AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH') or last_info.get('BANDWIDTH'), scale=1000)
                 format_id = []
                 if m3u8_id:
                     format_id.append(m3u8_id)
                 format_id = []
                 if m3u8_id:
                     format_id.append(m3u8_id)
-                last_media_name = last_media.get('NAME') if last_media and last_media.get('TYPE') != 'SUBTITLES' else None
-                format_id.append(last_media_name if last_media_name else '%d' % (tbr if tbr else len(formats)))
+                # Despite specification does not mention NAME attribute for
+                # EXT-X-STREAM-INF it still sometimes may be present
+                stream_name = last_info.get('NAME') or last_media.get('NAME')
+                # Bandwidth of live streams may differ over time thus making
+                # format_id unpredictable. So it's better to keep provided
+                # format_id intact.
+                if not live:
+                    format_id.append(stream_name if stream_name else '%d' % (tbr if tbr else len(formats)))
+                manifest_url = format_url(line.strip())
                 f = {
                     'format_id': '-'.join(format_id),
                 f = {
                     'format_id': '-'.join(format_id),
-                    'url': format_url(line.strip()),
+                    'url': manifest_url,
+                    'manifest_url': manifest_url,
                     'tbr': tbr,
                     'ext': ext,
                     'tbr': tbr,
                     'ext': ext,
+                    'fps': float_or_none(last_info.get('FRAME-RATE')),
                     'protocol': entry_protocol,
                     'preference': preference,
                 }
                     'protocol': entry_protocol,
                     'preference': preference,
                 }
-                codecs = last_info.get('CODECS')
-                if codecs:
-                    # TODO: looks like video codec is not always necessarily goes first
-                    va_codecs = codecs.split(',')
-                    if va_codecs[0]:
-                        f['vcodec'] = va_codecs[0].partition('.')[0]
-                    if len(va_codecs) > 1 and va_codecs[1]:
-                        f['acodec'] = va_codecs[1].partition('.')[0]
                 resolution = last_info.get('RESOLUTION')
                 if resolution:
                 resolution = last_info.get('RESOLUTION')
                 if resolution:
-                    width_str, height_str = resolution.split('x')
-                    f['width'] = int(width_str)
-                    f['height'] = int(height_str)
-                if last_media is not None:
-                    f['m3u8_media'] = last_media
-                    last_media = None
+                    mobj = re.search(r'(?P<width>\d+)[xX](?P<height>\d+)', resolution)
+                    if mobj:
+                        f['width'] = int(mobj.group('width'))
+                        f['height'] = int(mobj.group('height'))
+                # Unified Streaming Platform
+                mobj = re.search(
+                    r'audio.*?(?:%3D|=)(\d+)(?:-video.*?(?:%3D|=)(\d+))?', f['url'])
+                if mobj:
+                    abr, vbr = mobj.groups()
+                    abr, vbr = float_or_none(abr, 1000), float_or_none(vbr, 1000)
+                    f.update({
+                        'vbr': vbr,
+                        'abr': abr,
+                    })
+                f.update(parse_codecs(last_info.get('CODECS')))
+                if audio_in_video_stream.get(last_info.get('AUDIO')) is False and f['vcodec'] != 'none':
+                    # TODO: update acodec for audio only formats with the same GROUP-ID
+                    f['acodec'] = 'none'
                 formats.append(f)
                 last_info = {}
                 formats.append(f)
                 last_info = {}
-        self._sort_formats(formats)
+                last_media = {}
         return formats
 
     @staticmethod
         return formats
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1024,8 +1425,8 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 out.append('{%s}%s' % (namespace, c))
         return '/'.join(out)
 
                 out.append('{%s}%s' % (namespace, c))
         return '/'.join(out)
 
-    def _extract_smil_formats(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, f4m_params=None):
-        smil = self._download_smil(smil_url, video_id, fatal=fatal)
+    def _extract_smil_formats(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, f4m_params=None, transform_source=None):
+        smil = self._download_smil(smil_url, video_id, fatal=fatal, transform_source=transform_source)
 
         if smil is False:
             assert not fatal
 
         if smil is False:
             assert not fatal
@@ -1042,10 +1443,10 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             return {}
         return self._parse_smil(smil, smil_url, video_id, f4m_params=f4m_params)
 
             return {}
         return self._parse_smil(smil, smil_url, video_id, f4m_params=f4m_params)
 
-    def _download_smil(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True):
+    def _download_smil(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, transform_source=None):
         return self._download_xml(
             smil_url, video_id, 'Downloading SMIL file',
         return self._download_xml(
             smil_url, video_id, 'Downloading SMIL file',
-            'Unable to download SMIL file', fatal=fatal)
+            'Unable to download SMIL file', fatal=fatal, transform_source=transform_source)
 
     def _parse_smil(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, f4m_params=None):
         namespace = self._parse_smil_namespace(smil)
 
     def _parse_smil(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, f4m_params=None):
         namespace = self._parse_smil_namespace(smil)
@@ -1102,21 +1503,24 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         formats = []
         rtmp_count = 0
         http_count = 0
         formats = []
         rtmp_count = 0
         http_count = 0
+        m3u8_count = 0
 
 
-        videos = smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//video', namespace))
-        for video in videos:
-            src = video.get('src')
-            if not src:
+        srcs = []
+        media = smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//video', namespace)) + smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//audio', namespace))
+        for medium in media:
+            src = medium.get('src')
+            if not src or src in srcs:
                 continue
                 continue
-
-            bitrate = float_or_none(video.get('system-bitrate') or video.get('systemBitrate'), 1000)
-            filesize = int_or_none(video.get('size') or video.get('fileSize'))
-            width = int_or_none(video.get('width'))
-            height = int_or_none(video.get('height'))
-            proto = video.get('proto')
-            ext = video.get('ext')
+            srcs.append(src)
+
+            bitrate = float_or_none(medium.get('system-bitrate') or medium.get('systemBitrate'), 1000)
+            filesize = int_or_none(medium.get('size') or medium.get('fileSize'))
+            width = int_or_none(medium.get('width'))
+            height = int_or_none(medium.get('height'))
+            proto = medium.get('proto')
+            ext = medium.get('ext')
             src_ext = determine_ext(src)
             src_ext = determine_ext(src)
-            streamer = video.get('streamer') or base
+            streamer = medium.get('streamer') or base
 
             if proto == 'rtmp' or streamer.startswith('rtmp'):
                 rtmp_count += 1
 
             if proto == 'rtmp' or streamer.startswith('rtmp'):
                 rtmp_count += 1
@@ -1139,12 +1543,20 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 continue
 
             src_url = src if src.startswith('http') else compat_urlparse.urljoin(base, src)
                 continue
 
             src_url = src if src.startswith('http') else compat_urlparse.urljoin(base, src)
+            src_url = src_url.strip()
 
             if proto == 'm3u8' or src_ext == 'm3u8':
                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     src_url, video_id, ext or 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
 
             if proto == 'm3u8' or src_ext == 'm3u8':
                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     src_url, video_id, ext or 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
-                if m3u8_formats:
-                    formats.extend(m3u8_formats)
+                if len(m3u8_formats) == 1:
+                    m3u8_count += 1
+                    m3u8_formats[0].update({
+                        'format_id': 'hls-%d' % (m3u8_count if bitrate is None else bitrate),
+                        'tbr': bitrate,
+                        'width': width,
+                        'height': height,
+                    })
+                formats.extend(m3u8_formats)
                 continue
 
             if src_ext == 'f4m':
                 continue
 
             if src_ext == 'f4m':
@@ -1155,10 +1567,8 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                         'plugin': 'flowplayer-3.2.0.1',
                     }
                 f4m_url += '&' if '?' in f4m_url else '?'
                         'plugin': 'flowplayer-3.2.0.1',
                     }
                 f4m_url += '&' if '?' in f4m_url else '?'
-                f4m_url += compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(f4m_params)
-                f4m_formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False)
-                if f4m_formats:
-                    formats.extend(f4m_formats)
+                f4m_url += compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(f4m_params)
+                formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
                 continue
 
             if src_url.startswith('http') and self._is_valid_url(src, video_id):
                 continue
 
             if src_url.startswith('http') and self._is_valid_url(src, video_id):
@@ -1174,26 +1584,17 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
                 })
                 continue
 
                 })
                 continue
 
-        self._sort_formats(formats)
-
         return formats
 
     def _parse_smil_subtitles(self, smil, namespace=None, subtitles_lang='en'):
         return formats
 
     def _parse_smil_subtitles(self, smil, namespace=None, subtitles_lang='en'):
+        urls = []
         subtitles = {}
         for num, textstream in enumerate(smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//textstream', namespace))):
             src = textstream.get('src')
         subtitles = {}
         for num, textstream in enumerate(smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//textstream', namespace))):
             src = textstream.get('src')
-            if not src:
+            if not src or src in urls:
                 continue
                 continue
-            ext = textstream.get('ext') or determine_ext(src)
-            if not ext:
-                type_ = textstream.get('type')
-                SUBTITLES_TYPES = {
-                    'text/vtt': 'vtt',
-                    'text/srt': 'srt',
-                    'application/smptett+xml': 'tt',
-                }
-                if type_ in SUBTITLES_TYPES:
-                    ext = SUBTITLES_TYPES[type_]
+            urls.append(src)
+            ext = textstream.get('ext') or mimetype2ext(textstream.get('type')) or determine_ext(src)
             lang = textstream.get('systemLanguage') or textstream.get('systemLanguageName') or textstream.get('lang') or subtitles_lang
             subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({
                 'url': src,
             lang = textstream.get('systemLanguage') or textstream.get('systemLanguageName') or textstream.get('lang') or subtitles_lang
             subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({
                 'url': src,
@@ -1244,10 +1645,652 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
             })
         return entries
 
             })
         return entries
 
+    def _extract_mpd_formats(self, mpd_url, video_id, mpd_id=None, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, formats_dict={}):
+        res = self._download_webpage_handle(
+            mpd_url, video_id,
+            note=note or 'Downloading MPD manifest',
+            errnote=errnote or 'Failed to download MPD manifest',
+            fatal=fatal)
+        if res is False:
+            return []
+        mpd, urlh = res
+        mpd_base_url = base_url(urlh.geturl())
+
+        return self._parse_mpd_formats(
+            compat_etree_fromstring(mpd.encode('utf-8')), mpd_id, mpd_base_url,
+            formats_dict=formats_dict, mpd_url=mpd_url)
+
+    def _parse_mpd_formats(self, mpd_doc, mpd_id=None, mpd_base_url='', formats_dict={}, mpd_url=None):
+        """
+        Parse formats from MPD manifest.
+        References:
+         1. MPEG-DASH Standard, ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E),
+            http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c065274_ISO_IEC_23009-1_2014.zip
+         2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP
+        """
+        if mpd_doc.get('type') == 'dynamic':
+            return []
+
+        namespace = self._search_regex(r'(?i)^{([^}]+)?}MPD$', mpd_doc.tag, 'namespace', default=None)
+
+        def _add_ns(path):
+            return self._xpath_ns(path, namespace)
+
+        def is_drm_protected(element):
+            return element.find(_add_ns('ContentProtection')) is not None
+
+        def extract_multisegment_info(element, ms_parent_info):
+            ms_info = ms_parent_info.copy()
+
+            # As per [1, 5.3.9.2.2] SegmentList and SegmentTemplate share some
+            # common attributes and elements.  We will only extract relevant
+            # for us.
+            def extract_common(source):
+                segment_timeline = source.find(_add_ns('SegmentTimeline'))
+                if segment_timeline is not None:
+                    s_e = segment_timeline.findall(_add_ns('S'))
+                    if s_e:
+                        ms_info['total_number'] = 0
+                        ms_info['s'] = []
+                        for s in s_e:
+                            r = int(s.get('r', 0))
+                            ms_info['total_number'] += 1 + r
+                            ms_info['s'].append({
+                                't': int(s.get('t', 0)),
+                                # @d is mandatory (see [1, 5.3.9.6.2, Table 17, page 60])
+                                'd': int(s.attrib['d']),
+                                'r': r,
+                            })
+                start_number = source.get('startNumber')
+                if start_number:
+                    ms_info['start_number'] = int(start_number)
+                timescale = source.get('timescale')
+                if timescale:
+                    ms_info['timescale'] = int(timescale)
+                segment_duration = source.get('duration')
+                if segment_duration:
+                    ms_info['segment_duration'] = int(segment_duration)
+
+            def extract_Initialization(source):
+                initialization = source.find(_add_ns('Initialization'))
+                if initialization is not None:
+                    ms_info['initialization_url'] = initialization.attrib['sourceURL']
+
+            segment_list = element.find(_add_ns('SegmentList'))
+            if segment_list is not None:
+                extract_common(segment_list)
+                extract_Initialization(segment_list)
+                segment_urls_e = segment_list.findall(_add_ns('SegmentURL'))
+                if segment_urls_e:
+                    ms_info['segment_urls'] = [segment.attrib['media'] for segment in segment_urls_e]
+            else:
+                segment_template = element.find(_add_ns('SegmentTemplate'))
+                if segment_template is not None:
+                    extract_common(segment_template)
+                    media = segment_template.get('media')
+                    if media:
+                        ms_info['media'] = media
+                    initialization = segment_template.get('initialization')
+                    if initialization:
+                        ms_info['initialization'] = initialization
+                    else:
+                        extract_Initialization(segment_template)
+            return ms_info
+
+        mpd_duration = parse_duration(mpd_doc.get('mediaPresentationDuration'))
+        formats = []
+        for period in mpd_doc.findall(_add_ns('Period')):
+            period_duration = parse_duration(period.get('duration')) or mpd_duration
+            period_ms_info = extract_multisegment_info(period, {
+                'start_number': 1,
+                'timescale': 1,
+            })
+            for adaptation_set in period.findall(_add_ns('AdaptationSet')):
+                if is_drm_protected(adaptation_set):
+                    continue
+                adaption_set_ms_info = extract_multisegment_info(adaptation_set, period_ms_info)
+                for representation in adaptation_set.findall(_add_ns('Representation')):
+                    if is_drm_protected(representation):
+                        continue
+                    representation_attrib = adaptation_set.attrib.copy()
+                    representation_attrib.update(representation.attrib)
+                    # According to [1, 5.3.7.2, Table 9, page 41], @mimeType is mandatory
+                    mime_type = representation_attrib['mimeType']
+                    content_type = mime_type.split('/')[0]
+                    if content_type == 'text':
+                        # TODO implement WebVTT downloading
+                        pass
+                    elif content_type == 'video' or content_type == 'audio':
+                        base_url = ''
+                        for element in (representation, adaptation_set, period, mpd_doc):
+                            base_url_e = element.find(_add_ns('BaseURL'))
+                            if base_url_e is not None:
+                                base_url = base_url_e.text + base_url
+                                if re.match(r'^https?://', base_url):
+                                    break
+                        if mpd_base_url and not re.match(r'^https?://', base_url):
+                            if not mpd_base_url.endswith('/') and not base_url.startswith('/'):
+                                mpd_base_url += '/'
+                            base_url = mpd_base_url + base_url
+                        representation_id = representation_attrib.get('id')
+                        lang = representation_attrib.get('lang')
+                        url_el = representation.find(_add_ns('BaseURL'))
+                        filesize = int_or_none(url_el.attrib.get('{http://youtube.com/yt/2012/10/10}contentLength') if url_el is not None else None)
+                        bandwidth = int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('bandwidth'))
+                        f = {
+                            'format_id': '%s-%s' % (mpd_id, representation_id) if mpd_id else representation_id,
+                            'url': base_url,
+                            'manifest_url': mpd_url,
+                            'ext': mimetype2ext(mime_type),
+                            'width': int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('width')),
+                            'height': int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('height')),
+                            'tbr': int_or_none(bandwidth, 1000),
+                            'asr': int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('audioSamplingRate')),
+                            'fps': int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('frameRate')),
+                            'language': lang if lang not in ('mul', 'und', 'zxx', 'mis') else None,
+                            'format_note': 'DASH %s' % content_type,
+                            'filesize': filesize,
+                        }
+                        f.update(parse_codecs(representation_attrib.get('codecs')))
+                        representation_ms_info = extract_multisegment_info(representation, adaption_set_ms_info)
+
+                        def prepare_template(template_name, identifiers):
+                            t = representation_ms_info[template_name]
+                            t = t.replace('$RepresentationID$', representation_id)
+                            t = re.sub(r'\$(%s)\$' % '|'.join(identifiers), r'%(\1)d', t)
+                            t = re.sub(r'\$(%s)%%([^$]+)\$' % '|'.join(identifiers), r'%(\1)\2', t)
+                            t.replace('$$', '$')
+                            return t
+
+                        # @initialization is a regular template like @media one
+                        # so it should be handled just the same way (see
+                        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/11605)
+                        if 'initialization' in representation_ms_info:
+                            initialization_template = prepare_template(
+                                'initialization',
+                                # As per [1, 5.3.9.4.2, Table 15, page 54] $Number$ and
+                                # $Time$ shall not be included for @initialization thus
+                                # only $Bandwidth$ remains
+                                ('Bandwidth', ))
+                            representation_ms_info['initialization_url'] = initialization_template % {
+                                'Bandwidth': bandwidth,
+                            }
+
+                        if 'segment_urls' not in representation_ms_info and 'media' in representation_ms_info:
+
+                            media_template = prepare_template('media', ('Number', 'Bandwidth', 'Time'))
+
+                            # As per [1, 5.3.9.4.4, Table 16, page 55] $Number$ and $Time$
+                            # can't be used at the same time
+                            if '%(Number' in media_template and 's' not in representation_ms_info:
+                                segment_duration = None
+                                if 'total_number' not in representation_ms_info and 'segment_duration':
+                                    segment_duration = float_or_none(representation_ms_info['segment_duration'], representation_ms_info['timescale'])
+                                    representation_ms_info['total_number'] = int(math.ceil(float(period_duration) / segment_duration))
+                                representation_ms_info['fragments'] = [{
+                                    'url': media_template % {
+                                        'Number': segment_number,
+                                        'Bandwidth': bandwidth,
+                                    },
+                                    'duration': segment_duration,
+                                } for segment_number in range(
+                                    representation_ms_info['start_number'],
+                                    representation_ms_info['total_number'] + representation_ms_info['start_number'])]
+                            else:
+                                # $Number*$ or $Time$ in media template with S list available
+                                # Example $Number*$: http://www.svtplay.se/klipp/9023742/stopptid-om-bjorn-borg
+                                # Example $Time$: https://play.arkena.com/embed/avp/v2/player/media/b41dda37-d8e7-4d3f-b1b5-9a9db578bdfe/1/129411
+                                representation_ms_info['fragments'] = []
+                                segment_time = 0
+                                segment_d = None
+                                segment_number = representation_ms_info['start_number']
+
+                                def add_segment_url():
+                                    segment_url = media_template % {
+                                        'Time': segment_time,
+                                        'Bandwidth': bandwidth,
+                                        'Number': segment_number,
+                                    }
+                                    representation_ms_info['fragments'].append({
+                                        'url': segment_url,
+                                        'duration': float_or_none(segment_d, representation_ms_info['timescale']),
+                                    })
+
+                                for num, s in enumerate(representation_ms_info['s']):
+                                    segment_time = s.get('t') or segment_time
+                                    segment_d = s['d']
+                                    add_segment_url()
+                                    segment_number += 1
+                                    for r in range(s.get('r', 0)):
+                                        segment_time += segment_d
+                                        add_segment_url()
+                                        segment_number += 1
+                                    segment_time += segment_d
+                        elif 'segment_urls' in representation_ms_info and 's' in representation_ms_info:
+                            # No media template
+                            # Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXZV5uAYMJI
+                            # or any YouTube dashsegments video
+                            fragments = []
+                            segment_index = 0
+                            timescale = representation_ms_info['timescale']
+                            for s in representation_ms_info['s']:
+                                duration = float_or_none(s['d'], timescale)
+                                for r in range(s.get('r', 0) + 1):
+                                    fragments.append({
+                                        'url': representation_ms_info['segment_urls'][segment_index],
+                                        'duration': duration,
+                                    })
+                                    segment_index += 1
+                            representation_ms_info['fragments'] = fragments
+                        # NB: MPD manifest may contain direct URLs to unfragmented media.
+                        # No fragments key is present in this case.
+                        if 'fragments' in representation_ms_info:
+                            f.update({
+                                'fragments': [],
+                                'protocol': 'http_dash_segments',
+                            })
+                            if 'initialization_url' in representation_ms_info:
+                                initialization_url = representation_ms_info['initialization_url']
+                                if not f.get('url'):
+                                    f['url'] = initialization_url
+                                f['fragments'].append({'url': initialization_url})
+                            f['fragments'].extend(representation_ms_info['fragments'])
+                            for fragment in f['fragments']:
+                                fragment['url'] = urljoin(base_url, fragment['url'])
+                        try:
+                            existing_format = next(
+                                fo for fo in formats
+                                if fo['format_id'] == representation_id)
+                        except StopIteration:
+                            full_info = formats_dict.get(representation_id, {}).copy()
+                            full_info.update(f)
+                            formats.append(full_info)
+                        else:
+                            existing_format.update(f)
+                    else:
+                        self.report_warning('Unknown MIME type %s in DASH manifest' % mime_type)
+        return formats
+
+    def _extract_ism_formats(self, ism_url, video_id, ism_id=None, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True):
+        res = self._download_webpage_handle(
+            ism_url, video_id,
+            note=note or 'Downloading ISM manifest',
+            errnote=errnote or 'Failed to download ISM manifest',
+            fatal=fatal)
+        if res is False:
+            return []
+        ism, urlh = res
+
+        return self._parse_ism_formats(
+            compat_etree_fromstring(ism.encode('utf-8')), urlh.geturl(), ism_id)
+
+    def _parse_ism_formats(self, ism_doc, ism_url, ism_id=None):
+        if ism_doc.get('IsLive') == 'TRUE' or ism_doc.find('Protection') is not None:
+            return []
+
+        duration = int(ism_doc.attrib['Duration'])
+        timescale = int_or_none(ism_doc.get('TimeScale')) or 10000000
+
+        formats = []
+        for stream in ism_doc.findall('StreamIndex'):
+            stream_type = stream.get('Type')
+            if stream_type not in ('video', 'audio'):
+                continue
+            url_pattern = stream.attrib['Url']
+            stream_timescale = int_or_none(stream.get('TimeScale')) or timescale
+            stream_name = stream.get('Name')
+            for track in stream.findall('QualityLevel'):
+                fourcc = track.get('FourCC')
+                # TODO: add support for WVC1 and WMAP
+                if fourcc not in ('H264', 'AVC1', 'AACL'):
+                    self.report_warning('%s is not a supported codec' % fourcc)
+                    continue
+                tbr = int(track.attrib['Bitrate']) // 1000
+                width = int_or_none(track.get('MaxWidth'))
+                height = int_or_none(track.get('MaxHeight'))
+                sampling_rate = int_or_none(track.get('SamplingRate'))
+
+                track_url_pattern = re.sub(r'{[Bb]itrate}', track.attrib['Bitrate'], url_pattern)
+                track_url_pattern = compat_urlparse.urljoin(ism_url, track_url_pattern)
+
+                fragments = []
+                fragment_ctx = {
+                    'time': 0,
+                }
+                stream_fragments = stream.findall('c')
+                for stream_fragment_index, stream_fragment in enumerate(stream_fragments):
+                    fragment_ctx['time'] = int_or_none(stream_fragment.get('t')) or fragment_ctx['time']
+                    fragment_repeat = int_or_none(stream_fragment.get('r')) or 1
+                    fragment_ctx['duration'] = int_or_none(stream_fragment.get('d'))
+                    if not fragment_ctx['duration']:
+                        try:
+                            next_fragment_time = int(stream_fragment[stream_fragment_index + 1].attrib['t'])
+                        except IndexError:
+                            next_fragment_time = duration
+                        fragment_ctx['duration'] = (next_fragment_time - fragment_ctx['time']) / fragment_repeat
+                    for _ in range(fragment_repeat):
+                        fragments.append({
+                            'url': re.sub(r'{start[ _]time}', compat_str(fragment_ctx['time']), track_url_pattern),
+                            'duration': fragment_ctx['duration'] / stream_timescale,
+                        })
+                        fragment_ctx['time'] += fragment_ctx['duration']
+
+                format_id = []
+                if ism_id:
+                    format_id.append(ism_id)
+                if stream_name:
+                    format_id.append(stream_name)
+                format_id.append(compat_str(tbr))
+
+                formats.append({
+                    'format_id': '-'.join(format_id),
+                    'url': ism_url,
+                    'manifest_url': ism_url,
+                    'ext': 'ismv' if stream_type == 'video' else 'isma',
+                    'width': width,
+                    'height': height,
+                    'tbr': tbr,
+                    'asr': sampling_rate,
+                    'vcodec': 'none' if stream_type == 'audio' else fourcc,
+                    'acodec': 'none' if stream_type == 'video' else fourcc,
+                    'protocol': 'ism',
+                    'fragments': fragments,
+                    '_download_params': {
+                        'duration': duration,
+                        'timescale': stream_timescale,
+                        'width': width or 0,
+                        'height': height or 0,
+                        'fourcc': fourcc,
+                        'codec_private_data': track.get('CodecPrivateData'),
+                        'sampling_rate': sampling_rate,
+                        'channels': int_or_none(track.get('Channels', 2)),
+                        'bits_per_sample': int_or_none(track.get('BitsPerSample', 16)),
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': int_or_none(track.get('NALUnitLengthField', 4)),
+                    },
+                })
+        return formats
+
+    def _parse_html5_media_entries(self, base_url, webpage, video_id, m3u8_id=None, m3u8_entry_protocol='m3u8', mpd_id=None, preference=None):
+        def absolute_url(video_url):
+            return compat_urlparse.urljoin(base_url, video_url)
+
+        def parse_content_type(content_type):
+            if not content_type:
+                return {}
+            ctr = re.search(r'(?P<mimetype>[^/]+/[^;]+)(?:;\s*codecs="?(?P<codecs>[^"]+))?', content_type)
+            if ctr:
+                mimetype, codecs = ctr.groups()
+                f = parse_codecs(codecs)
+                f['ext'] = mimetype2ext(mimetype)
+                return f
+            return {}
+
+        def _media_formats(src, cur_media_type):
+            full_url = absolute_url(src)
+            ext = determine_ext(full_url)
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                is_plain_url = False
+                formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    full_url, video_id, ext='mp4',
+                    entry_protocol=m3u8_entry_protocol, m3u8_id=m3u8_id,
+                    preference=preference)
+            elif ext == 'mpd':
+                is_plain_url = False
+                formats = self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                    full_url, video_id, mpd_id=mpd_id)
+            else:
+                is_plain_url = True
+                formats = [{
+                    'url': full_url,
+                    'vcodec': 'none' if cur_media_type == 'audio' else None,
+                }]
+            return is_plain_url, formats
+
+        entries = []
+        media_tags = [(media_tag, media_type, '')
+                      for media_tag, media_type
+                      in re.findall(r'(?s)(<(video|audio)[^>]*/>)', webpage)]
+        media_tags.extend(re.findall(
+            # We only allow video|audio followed by a whitespace or '>'.
+            # Allowing more characters may end up in significant slow down (see
+            # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/11979, example URL:
+            # http://www.porntrex.com/maps/videositemap.xml).
+            r'(?s)(<(?P<tag>video|audio)(?:\s+[^>]*)?>)(.*?)</(?P=tag)>', webpage))
+        for media_tag, media_type, media_content in media_tags:
+            media_info = {
+                'formats': [],
+                'subtitles': {},
+            }
+            media_attributes = extract_attributes(media_tag)
+            src = media_attributes.get('src')
+            if src:
+                _, formats = _media_formats(src, media_type)
+                media_info['formats'].extend(formats)
+            media_info['thumbnail'] = media_attributes.get('poster')
+            if media_content:
+                for source_tag in re.findall(r'<source[^>]+>', media_content):
+                    source_attributes = extract_attributes(source_tag)
+                    src = source_attributes.get('src')
+                    if not src:
+                        continue
+                    is_plain_url, formats = _media_formats(src, media_type)
+                    if is_plain_url:
+                        f = parse_content_type(source_attributes.get('type'))
+                        f.update(formats[0])
+                        media_info['formats'].append(f)
+                    else:
+                        media_info['formats'].extend(formats)
+                for track_tag in re.findall(r'<track[^>]+>', media_content):
+                    track_attributes = extract_attributes(track_tag)
+                    kind = track_attributes.get('kind')
+                    if not kind or kind in ('subtitles', 'captions'):
+                        src = track_attributes.get('src')
+                        if not src:
+                            continue
+                        lang = track_attributes.get('srclang') or track_attributes.get('lang') or track_attributes.get('label')
+                        media_info['subtitles'].setdefault(lang, []).append({
+                            'url': absolute_url(src),
+                        })
+            if media_info['formats'] or media_info['subtitles']:
+                entries.append(media_info)
+        return entries
+
+    def _extract_akamai_formats(self, manifest_url, video_id, hosts={}):
+        formats = []
+        hdcore_sign = 'hdcore=3.7.0'
+        f4m_url = re.sub(r'(https?://[^/+])/i/', r'\1/z/', manifest_url).replace('/master.m3u8', '/manifest.f4m')
+        hds_host = hosts.get('hds')
+        if hds_host:
+            f4m_url = re.sub(r'(https?://)[^/]+', r'\1' + hds_host, f4m_url)
+        if 'hdcore=' not in f4m_url:
+            f4m_url += ('&' if '?' in f4m_url else '?') + hdcore_sign
+        f4m_formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(
+            f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False)
+        for entry in f4m_formats:
+            entry.update({'extra_param_to_segment_url': hdcore_sign})
+        formats.extend(f4m_formats)
+        m3u8_url = re.sub(r'(https?://[^/]+)/z/', r'\1/i/', manifest_url).replace('/manifest.f4m', '/master.m3u8')
+        hls_host = hosts.get('hls')
+        if hls_host:
+            m3u8_url = re.sub(r'(https?://)[^/]+', r'\1' + hls_host, m3u8_url)
+        formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
+            m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+        return formats
+
+    def _extract_wowza_formats(self, url, video_id, m3u8_entry_protocol='m3u8_native', skip_protocols=[]):
+        url = re.sub(r'/(?:manifest|playlist|jwplayer)\.(?:m3u8|f4m|mpd|smil)', '', url)
+        url_base = self._search_regex(r'(?:https?|rtmp|rtsp)(://[^?]+)', url, 'format url')
+        http_base_url = 'http' + url_base
+        formats = []
+        if 'm3u8' not in skip_protocols:
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                http_base_url + '/playlist.m3u8', video_id, 'mp4',
+                m3u8_entry_protocol, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+        if 'f4m' not in skip_protocols:
+            formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
+                http_base_url + '/manifest.f4m',
+                video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
+        if 'dash' not in skip_protocols:
+            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                http_base_url + '/manifest.mpd',
+                video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+        if re.search(r'(?:/smil:|\.smil)', url_base):
+            if 'smil' not in skip_protocols:
+                rtmp_formats = self._extract_smil_formats(
+                    http_base_url + '/jwplayer.smil',
+                    video_id, fatal=False)
+                for rtmp_format in rtmp_formats:
+                    rtsp_format = rtmp_format.copy()
+                    rtsp_format['url'] = '%s/%s' % (rtmp_format['url'], rtmp_format['play_path'])
+                    del rtsp_format['play_path']
+                    del rtsp_format['ext']
+                    rtsp_format.update({
+                        'url': rtsp_format['url'].replace('rtmp://', 'rtsp://'),
+                        'format_id': rtmp_format['format_id'].replace('rtmp', 'rtsp'),
+                        'protocol': 'rtsp',
+                    })
+                    formats.extend([rtmp_format, rtsp_format])
+        else:
+            for protocol in ('rtmp', 'rtsp'):
+                if protocol not in skip_protocols:
+                    formats.append({
+                        'url': protocol + url_base,
+                        'format_id': protocol,
+                        'protocol': protocol,
+                    })
+        return formats
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _find_jwplayer_data(webpage):
+        mobj = re.search(
+            r'jwplayer\((?P<quote>[\'"])[^\'" ]+(?P=quote)\)\.setup\s*\((?P<options>[^)]+)\)',
+            webpage)
+        if mobj:
+            return mobj.group('options')
+
+    def _extract_jwplayer_data(self, webpage, video_id, *args, **kwargs):
+        jwplayer_data = self._parse_json(
+            self._find_jwplayer_data(webpage), video_id,
+            transform_source=js_to_json)
+        return self._parse_jwplayer_data(
+            jwplayer_data, video_id, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _parse_jwplayer_data(self, jwplayer_data, video_id=None, require_title=True,
+                             m3u8_id=None, mpd_id=None, rtmp_params=None, base_url=None):
+        # JWPlayer backward compatibility: flattened playlists
+        # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/v7.4.3/src/js/api/config.js#L81-L96
+        if 'playlist' not in jwplayer_data:
+            jwplayer_data = {'playlist': [jwplayer_data]}
+
+        entries = []
+
+        # JWPlayer backward compatibility: single playlist item
+        # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/v7.7.0/src/js/playlist/playlist.js#L10
+        if not isinstance(jwplayer_data['playlist'], list):
+            jwplayer_data['playlist'] = [jwplayer_data['playlist']]
+
+        for video_data in jwplayer_data['playlist']:
+            # JWPlayer backward compatibility: flattened sources
+            # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/v7.4.3/src/js/playlist/item.js#L29-L35
+            if 'sources' not in video_data:
+                video_data['sources'] = [video_data]
+
+            this_video_id = video_id or video_data['mediaid']
+
+            formats = self._parse_jwplayer_formats(
+                video_data['sources'], video_id=this_video_id, m3u8_id=m3u8_id,
+                mpd_id=mpd_id, rtmp_params=rtmp_params, base_url=base_url)
+            self._sort_formats(formats)
+
+            subtitles = {}
+            tracks = video_data.get('tracks')
+            if tracks and isinstance(tracks, list):
+                for track in tracks:
+                    if track.get('kind') != 'captions':
+                        continue
+                    track_url = urljoin(base_url, track.get('file'))
+                    if not track_url:
+                        continue
+                    subtitles.setdefault(track.get('label') or 'en', []).append({
+                        'url': self._proto_relative_url(track_url)
+                    })
+
+            entries.append({
+                'id': this_video_id,
+                'title': video_data['title'] if require_title else video_data.get('title'),
+                'description': video_data.get('description'),
+                'thumbnail': self._proto_relative_url(video_data.get('image')),
+                'timestamp': int_or_none(video_data.get('pubdate')),
+                'duration': float_or_none(jwplayer_data.get('duration') or video_data.get('duration')),
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+                'formats': formats,
+            })
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return entries[0]
+        else:
+            return self.playlist_result(entries)
+
+    def _parse_jwplayer_formats(self, jwplayer_sources_data, video_id=None,
+                                m3u8_id=None, mpd_id=None, rtmp_params=None, base_url=None):
+        formats = []
+        for source in jwplayer_sources_data:
+            source_url = self._proto_relative_url(source['file'])
+            if base_url:
+                source_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(base_url, source_url)
+            source_type = source.get('type') or ''
+            ext = mimetype2ext(source_type) or determine_ext(source_url)
+            if source_type == 'hls' or ext == 'm3u8':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    source_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
+                    m3u8_id=m3u8_id, fatal=False))
+            elif ext == 'mpd':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                    source_url, video_id, mpd_id=mpd_id, fatal=False))
+            # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/master/src/js/providers/default.js#L67
+            elif source_type.startswith('audio') or ext in (
+                    'oga', 'aac', 'mp3', 'mpeg', 'vorbis'):
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': source_url,
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'ext': ext,
+                })
+            else:
+                height = int_or_none(source.get('height'))
+                if height is None:
+                    # Often no height is provided but there is a label in
+                    # format like "1080p", "720p SD", or 1080.
+                    height = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
+                        r'^(\d{3,4})[pP]?(?:\b|$)', compat_str(source.get('label') or ''),
+                        'height', default=None))
+                a_format = {
+                    'url': source_url,
+                    'width': int_or_none(source.get('width')),
+                    'height': height,
+                    'tbr': int_or_none(source.get('bitrate')),
+                    'ext': ext,
+                }
+                if source_url.startswith('rtmp'):
+                    a_format['ext'] = 'flv'
+                    # See com/longtailvideo/jwplayer/media/RTMPMediaProvider.as
+                    # of jwplayer.flash.swf
+                    rtmp_url_parts = re.split(
+                        r'((?:mp4|mp3|flv):)', source_url, 1)
+                    if len(rtmp_url_parts) == 3:
+                        rtmp_url, prefix, play_path = rtmp_url_parts
+                        a_format.update({
+                            'url': rtmp_url,
+                            'play_path': prefix + play_path,
+                        })
+                    if rtmp_params:
+                        a_format.update(rtmp_params)
+                formats.append(a_format)
+        return formats
+
     def _live_title(self, name):
         """ Generate the title for a live video """
         now = datetime.datetime.now()
     def _live_title(self, name):
         """ Generate the title for a live video """
         now = datetime.datetime.now()
-        now_str = now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
+        now_str = now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
         return name + ' ' + now_str
 
     def _int(self, v, name, fatal=False, **kwargs):
         return name + ' ' + now_str
 
     def _int(self, v, name, fatal=False, **kwargs):
@@ -1280,7 +2323,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
     def _get_cookies(self, url):
         """ Return a compat_cookies.SimpleCookie with the cookies for the url """
 
     def _get_cookies(self, url):
         """ Return a compat_cookies.SimpleCookie with the cookies for the url """
-        req = compat_urllib_request.Request(url)
+        req = sanitized_Request(url)
         self._downloader.cookiejar.add_cookie_header(req)
         return compat_cookies.SimpleCookie(req.get_header('Cookie'))
 
         self._downloader.cookiejar.add_cookie_header(req)
         return compat_cookies.SimpleCookie(req.get_header('Cookie'))
 
@@ -1304,7 +2347,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
 
         any_restricted = False
         for tc in self.get_testcases(include_onlymatching=False):
 
         any_restricted = False
         for tc in self.get_testcases(include_onlymatching=False):
-            if 'playlist' in tc:
+            if tc.get('playlist', []):
                 tc = tc['playlist'][0]
             is_restricted = age_restricted(
                 tc.get('info_dict', {}).get('age_limit'), age_limit)
                 tc = tc['playlist'][0]
             is_restricted = age_restricted(
                 tc.get('info_dict', {}).get('age_limit'), age_limit)
@@ -1320,7 +2363,7 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         return {}
 
     def _get_subtitles(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return {}
 
     def _get_subtitles(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by subclasses")
+        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
 
     @staticmethod
     def _merge_subtitle_items(subtitle_list1, subtitle_list2):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _merge_subtitle_items(subtitle_list1, subtitle_list2):
@@ -1346,7 +2389,29 @@ class InfoExtractor(object):
         return {}
 
     def _get_automatic_captions(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return {}
 
     def _get_automatic_captions(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by subclasses")
+        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
+
+    def mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        if (self._downloader.params.get('mark_watched', False) and
+                (self._get_login_info()[0] is not None or
+                    self._downloader.params.get('cookiefile') is not None)):
+            self._mark_watched(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
+
+    def geo_verification_headers(self):
+        headers = {}
+        geo_verification_proxy = self._downloader.params.get('geo_verification_proxy')
+        if geo_verification_proxy:
+            headers['Ytdl-request-proxy'] = geo_verification_proxy
+        return headers
+
+    def _generic_id(self, url):
+        return compat_urllib_parse_unquote(os.path.splitext(url.rstrip('/').split('/')[-1])[0])
+
+    def _generic_title(self, url):
+        return compat_urllib_parse_unquote(os.path.splitext(url_basename(url))[0])
 
 
 class SearchInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class SearchInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
@@ -1386,7 +2451,7 @@ class SearchInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
 
     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
-        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by subclasses")
+        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
 
     @property
     def SEARCH_KEY(self):
 
     @property
     def SEARCH_KEY(self):