Raphaël G. Git Repositories - youtubedl/blob - youtube_dl/extractor/crunchyroll.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   3
   4 import re
   5 import json
   6 import base64
   7 import zlib
   8
   9 from hashlib import sha1
  10 from math import pow, sqrt, floor
  11 from .common import InfoExtractor
  12 from ..compat import (
  13     compat_etree_fromstring,
  14     compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
  15     compat_urllib_request,
  16     compat_urlparse,
  17 )
  18 from ..utils import (
  19     ExtractorError,
  20     bytes_to_intlist,
  21     intlist_to_bytes,
  22     int_or_none,
  23     lowercase_escape,
  24     remove_end,
  25     sanitized_Request,
  26     unified_strdate,
  27     urlencode_postdata,
  28     xpath_text,
  29     extract_attributes,
  30 )
  31 from ..aes import (
  32     aes_cbc_decrypt,
  33 )
  34
  35
  36 class CrunchyrollBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
  37     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/login'
  38     _LOGIN_FORM = 'login_form'
  39     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'crunchyroll'
  40
  41     def _login(self):
  42         (username, password) = self._get_login_info()
  43         if username is None:
  44             return
  45
  46         login_page = self._download_webpage(
  47             self._LOGIN_URL, None, 'Downloading login page')
  48
  49         def is_logged(webpage):
  50             return '<title>Redirecting' in webpage
  51
  52         # Already logged in
  53         if is_logged(login_page):
  54             return
  55
  56         login_form_str = self._search_regex(
  57             r'(?P<form><form[^>]+?id=(["\'])%s\2[^>]*>)' % self._LOGIN_FORM,
  58             login_page, 'login form', group='form')
  59
  60         post_url = extract_attributes(login_form_str).get('action')
  61         if not post_url:
  62             post_url = self._LOGIN_URL
  63         elif not post_url.startswith('http'):
  64             post_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(self._LOGIN_URL, post_url)
  65
  66         login_form = self._form_hidden_inputs(self._LOGIN_FORM, login_page)
  67
  68         login_form.update({
  69             'login_form[name]': username,
  70             'login_form[password]': password,
  71         })
  72
  73         response = self._download_webpage(
  74             post_url, None, 'Logging in', 'Wrong login info',
  75             data=urlencode_postdata(login_form),
  76             headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})
  77
  78         # Successful login
  79         if is_logged(response):
  80             return
  81
  82         error = self._html_search_regex(
  83             '(?s)<ul[^>]+class=["\']messages["\'][^>]*>(.+?)</ul>',
  84             response, 'error message', default=None)
  85         if error:
  86             raise ExtractorError('Unable to login: %s' % error, expected=True)
  87
  88         raise ExtractorError('Unable to log in')
  89
  90     def _real_initialize(self):
  91         self._login()
  92
  93     def _download_webpage(self, url_or_request, *args, **kwargs):
  94         request = (url_or_request if isinstance(url_or_request, compat_urllib_request.Request)
  95                    else sanitized_Request(url_or_request))
  96         # Accept-Language must be set explicitly to accept any language to avoid issues
  97         # similar to https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6797.
  98         # Along with IP address Crunchyroll uses Accept-Language to guess whether georestriction
  99         # should be imposed or not (from what I can see it just takes the first language
 100         # ignoring the priority and requires it to correspond the IP). By the way this causes
 101         # Crunchyroll to not work in georestriction cases in some browsers that don't place
 102         # the locale lang first in header. However allowing any language seems to workaround the issue.
 103         request.add_header('Accept-Language', '*')
 104         return super(CrunchyrollBaseIE, self)._download_webpage(request, *args, **kwargs)
 105
 106     @staticmethod
 107     def _add_skip_wall(url):
 108         parsed_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(url)
 109         qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_url.query)
 110         # Always force skip_wall to bypass maturity wall, namely 18+ confirmation message:
 111         # > This content may be inappropriate for some people.
 112         # > Are you sure you want to continue?
 113         # since it's not disabled by default in crunchyroll account's settings.
 114         # See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7202.
 115         qs['skip_wall'] = ['1']
 116         return compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
 117             parsed_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))
 118
 119
 120 class CrunchyrollIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
 121     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?P<prefix>www|m)\.)?(?P<url>crunchyroll\.(?:com|fr)/(?:media(?:-|/\?id=)|[^/]*/[^/?&]*?)(?P<video_id>[0-9]+))(?:[/?&]|$)'
 122     _TESTS = [{
 123         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/wanna-be-the-strongest-in-the-world/episode-1-an-idol-wrestler-is-born-645513',
 124         'info_dict': {
 125             'id': '645513',
 126             'ext': 'flv',
 127             'title': 'Wanna be the Strongest in the World Episode 1 – An Idol-Wrestler is Born!',
 128             'description': 'md5:2d17137920c64f2f49981a7797d275ef',
 129             'thumbnail': 'http://img1.ak.crunchyroll.com/i/spire1-tmb/20c6b5e10f1a47b10516877d3c039cae1380951166_full.jpg',
 130             'uploader': 'Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation (YTV)',
 131             'upload_date': '20131013',
 132             'url': 're:(?!.*&amp)',
 133         },
 134         'params': {
 135             # rtmp
 136             'skip_download': True,
 137         },
 138     }, {
 139         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/media-589804/culture-japan-1',
 140         'info_dict': {
 141             'id': '589804',
 142             'ext': 'flv',
 143             'title': 'Culture Japan Episode 1 – Rebuilding Japan after the 3.11',
 144             'description': 'md5:2fbc01f90b87e8e9137296f37b461c12',
 145             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
 146             'uploader': 'Danny Choo Network',
 147             'upload_date': '20120213',
 148         },
 149         'params': {
 150             # rtmp
 151             'skip_download': True,
 152         },
 153         'skip': 'Video gone',
 154     }, {
 155         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/rezero-starting-life-in-another-world-/episode-5-the-morning-of-our-promise-is-still-distant-702409',
 156         'info_dict': {
 157             'id': '702409',
 158             'ext': 'mp4',
 159             'title': 'Re:ZERO -Starting Life in Another World- Episode 5 – The Morning of Our Promise Is Still Distant',
 160             'description': 'md5:97664de1ab24bbf77a9c01918cb7dca9',
 161             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
 162             'uploader': 'TV TOKYO',
 163             'upload_date': '20160508',
 164         },
 165         'params': {
 166             # m3u8 download
 167             'skip_download': True,
 168         },
 169     }, {
 170         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/konosuba-gods-blessing-on-this-wonderful-world/episode-1-give-me-deliverance-from-this-judicial-injustice-727589',
 171         'info_dict': {
 172             'id': '727589',
 173             'ext': 'mp4',
 174             'title': "KONOSUBA -God's blessing on this wonderful world! 2 Episode 1 – Give Me Deliverance from this Judicial Injustice!",
 175             'description': 'md5:cbcf05e528124b0f3a0a419fc805ea7d',
 176             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
 177             'uploader': 'Kadokawa Pictures Inc.',
 178             'upload_date': '20170118',
 179             'series': "KONOSUBA -God's blessing on this wonderful world!",
 180             'season_number': 2,
 181             'episode': 'Give Me Deliverance from this Judicial Injustice!',
 182             'episode_number': 1,
 183         },
 184         'params': {
 185             # m3u8 download
 186             'skip_download': True,
 187         },
 188     }, {
 189         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.fr/girl-friend-beta/episode-11-goodbye-la-mode-661697',
 190         'only_matching': True,
 191     }, {
 192         # geo-restricted (US), 18+ maturity wall, non-premium available
 193         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/cosplay-complex-ova/episode-1-the-birth-of-the-cosplay-club-565617',
 194         'only_matching': True,
 195     }]
 196
 197     _FORMAT_IDS = {
 198         '360': ('60', '106'),
 199         '480': ('61', '106'),
 200         '720': ('62', '106'),
 201         '1080': ('80', '108'),
 202     }
 203
 204     def _decrypt_subtitles(self, data, iv, id):
 205         data = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data.encode('utf-8')))
 206         iv = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(iv.encode('utf-8')))
 207         id = int(id)
 208
 209         def obfuscate_key_aux(count, modulo, start):
 210             output = list(start)
 211             for _ in range(count):
 212                 output.append(output[-1] + output[-2])
 213             # cut off start values
 214             output = output[2:]
 215             output = list(map(lambda x: x % modulo + 33, output))
 216             return output
 217
 218         def obfuscate_key(key):
 219             num1 = int(floor(pow(2, 25) * sqrt(6.9)))
 220             num2 = (num1 ^ key) << 5
 221             num3 = key ^ num1
 222             num4 = num3 ^ (num3 >> 3) ^ num2
 223             prefix = intlist_to_bytes(obfuscate_key_aux(20, 97, (1, 2)))
 224             shaHash = bytes_to_intlist(sha1(prefix + str(num4).encode('ascii')).digest())
 225             # Extend 160 Bit hash to 256 Bit
 226             return shaHash + [0] * 12
 227
 228         key = obfuscate_key(id)
 229
 230         decrypted_data = intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(data, key, iv))
 231         return zlib.decompress(decrypted_data)
 232
 233     def _convert_subtitles_to_srt(self, sub_root):
 234         output = ''
 235
 236         for i, event in enumerate(sub_root.findall('./events/event'), 1):
 237             start = event.attrib['start'].replace('.', ',')
 238             end = event.attrib['end'].replace('.', ',')
 239             text = event.attrib['text'].replace('\\N', '\n')
 240             output += '%d\n%s --> %s\n%s\n\n' % (i, start, end, text)
 241         return output
 242
 243     def _convert_subtitles_to_ass(self, sub_root):
 244         output = ''
 245
 246         def ass_bool(strvalue):
 247             assvalue = '0'
 248             if strvalue == '1':
 249                 assvalue = '-1'
 250             return assvalue
 251
 252         output = '[Script Info]\n'
 253         output += 'Title: %s\n' % sub_root.attrib['title']
 254         output += 'ScriptType: v4.00+\n'
 255         output += 'WrapStyle: %s\n' % sub_root.attrib['wrap_style']
 256         output += 'PlayResX: %s\n' % sub_root.attrib['play_res_x']
 257         output += 'PlayResY: %s\n' % sub_root.attrib['play_res_y']
 258         output += """
 259 [V4+ Styles]
 260 Format: Name, Fontname, Fontsize, PrimaryColour, SecondaryColour, OutlineColour, BackColour, Bold, Italic, Underline, StrikeOut, ScaleX, ScaleY, Spacing, Angle, BorderStyle, Outline, Shadow, Alignment, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Encoding
 261 """
 262         for style in sub_root.findall('./styles/style'):
 263             output += 'Style: ' + style.attrib['name']
 264             output += ',' + style.attrib['font_name']
 265             output += ',' + style.attrib['font_size']
 266             output += ',' + style.attrib['primary_colour']
 267             output += ',' + style.attrib['secondary_colour']
 268             output += ',' + style.attrib['outline_colour']
 269             output += ',' + style.attrib['back_colour']
 270             output += ',' + ass_bool(style.attrib['bold'])
 271             output += ',' + ass_bool(style.attrib['italic'])
 272             output += ',' + ass_bool(style.attrib['underline'])
 273             output += ',' + ass_bool(style.attrib['strikeout'])
 274             output += ',' + style.attrib['scale_x']
 275             output += ',' + style.attrib['scale_y']
 276             output += ',' + style.attrib['spacing']
 277             output += ',' + style.attrib['angle']
 278             output += ',' + style.attrib['border_style']
 279             output += ',' + style.attrib['outline']
 280             output += ',' + style.attrib['shadow']
 281             output += ',' + style.attrib['alignment']
 282             output += ',' + style.attrib['margin_l']
 283             output += ',' + style.attrib['margin_r']
 284             output += ',' + style.attrib['margin_v']
 285             output += ',' + style.attrib['encoding']
 286             output += '\n'
 287
 288         output += """
 289 [Events]
 290 Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
 291 """
 292         for event in sub_root.findall('./events/event'):
 293             output += 'Dialogue: 0'
 294             output += ',' + event.attrib['start']
 295             output += ',' + event.attrib['end']
 296             output += ',' + event.attrib['style']
 297             output += ',' + event.attrib['name']
 298             output += ',' + event.attrib['margin_l']
 299             output += ',' + event.attrib['margin_r']
 300             output += ',' + event.attrib['margin_v']
 301             output += ',' + event.attrib['effect']
 302             output += ',' + event.attrib['text']
 303             output += '\n'
 304
 305         return output
 306
 307     def _extract_subtitles(self, subtitle):
 308         sub_root = compat_etree_fromstring(subtitle)
 309         return [{
 310             'ext': 'srt',
 311             'data': self._convert_subtitles_to_srt(sub_root),
 312         }, {
 313             'ext': 'ass',
 314             'data': self._convert_subtitles_to_ass(sub_root),
 315         }]
 316
 317     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
 318         subtitles = {}
 319         for sub_id, sub_name in re.findall(r'\bssid=([0-9]+)"[^>]+?\btitle="([^"]+)', webpage):
 320             sub_page = self._download_webpage(
 321                 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/xml/?req=RpcApiSubtitle_GetXml&subtitle_script_id=' + sub_id,
 322                 video_id, note='Downloading subtitles for ' + sub_name)
 323             id = self._search_regex(r'id=\'([0-9]+)', sub_page, 'subtitle_id', fatal=False)
 324             iv = self._search_regex(r'<iv>([^<]+)', sub_page, 'subtitle_iv', fatal=False)
 325             data = self._search_regex(r'<data>([^<]+)', sub_page, 'subtitle_data', fatal=False)
 326             if not id or not iv or not data:
 327                 continue
 328             subtitle = self._decrypt_subtitles(data, iv, id).decode('utf-8')
 329             lang_code = self._search_regex(r'lang_code=["\']([^"\']+)', subtitle, 'subtitle_lang_code', fatal=False)
 330             if not lang_code:
 331                 continue
 332             subtitles[lang_code] = self._extract_subtitles(subtitle)
 333         return subtitles
 334
 335     def _real_extract(self, url):
 336         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
 337         video_id = mobj.group('video_id')
 338
 339         if mobj.group('prefix') == 'm':
 340             mobile_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading mobile webpage')
 341             webpage_url = self._search_regex(r'<link rel="canonical" href="([^"]+)" />', mobile_webpage, 'webpage_url')
 342         else:
 343             webpage_url = 'http://www.' + mobj.group('url')
 344
 345         webpage = self._download_webpage(self._add_skip_wall(webpage_url), video_id, 'Downloading webpage')
 346         note_m = self._html_search_regex(
 347             r'<div class="showmedia-trailer-notice">(.+?)</div>',
 348             webpage, 'trailer-notice', default='')
 349         if note_m:
 350             raise ExtractorError(note_m)
 351
 352         mobj = re.search(r'Page\.messaging_box_controller\.addItems\(\[(?P<msg>{.+?})\]\)', webpage)
 353         if mobj:
 354             msg = json.loads(mobj.group('msg'))
 355             if msg.get('type') == 'error':
 356                 raise ExtractorError('crunchyroll returned error: %s' % msg['message_body'], expected=True)
 357
 358         if 'To view this, please log in to verify you are 18 or older.' in webpage:
 359             self.raise_login_required()
 360
 361         video_title = self._html_search_regex(
 362             r'(?s)<h1[^>]*>((?:(?!<h1).)*?<span[^>]+itemprop=["\']title["\'][^>]*>(?:(?!<h1).)+?)</h1>',
 363             webpage, 'video_title')
 364         video_title = re.sub(r' {2,}', ' ', video_title)
 365         video_description = self._html_search_regex(
 366             r'<script[^>]*>\s*.+?\[media_id=%s\].+?"description"\s*:\s*"([^"]+)' % video_id,
 367             webpage, 'description', default=None)
 368         if video_description:
 369             video_description = lowercase_escape(video_description.replace(r'\r\n', '\n'))
 370         video_upload_date = self._html_search_regex(
 371             [r'<div>Availability for free users:(.+?)</div>', r'<div>[^<>]+<span>\s*(.+?\d{4})\s*</span></div>'],
 372             webpage, 'video_upload_date', fatal=False, flags=re.DOTALL)
 373         if video_upload_date:
 374             video_upload_date = unified_strdate(video_upload_date)
 375         video_uploader = self._html_search_regex(
 376             r'<a[^>]+href="/publisher/[^"]+"[^>]*>([^<]+)</a>', webpage,
 377             'video_uploader', fatal=False)
 378
 379         available_fmts = []
 380         for a, fmt in re.findall(r'(<a[^>]+token=["\']showmedia\.([0-9]{3,4})p["\'][^>]+>)', webpage):
 381             attrs = extract_attributes(a)
 382             href = attrs.get('href')
 383             if href and '/freetrial' in href:
 384                 continue
 385             available_fmts.append(fmt)
 386         if not available_fmts:
 387             for p in (r'token=["\']showmedia\.([0-9]{3,4})p"', r'showmedia\.([0-9]{3,4})p'):
 388                 available_fmts = re.findall(p, webpage)
 389                 if available_fmts:
 390                     break
 391         video_encode_ids = []
 392         formats = []
 393         for fmt in available_fmts:
 394             stream_quality, stream_format = self._FORMAT_IDS[fmt]
 395             video_format = fmt + 'p'
 396             streamdata_req = sanitized_Request(
 397                 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/xml/?req=RpcApiVideoPlayer_GetStandardConfig&media_id=%s&video_format=%s&video_quality=%s'
 398                 % (video_id, stream_format, stream_quality),
 399                 compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({'current_page': url}).encode('utf-8'))
 400             streamdata_req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
 401             streamdata = self._download_xml(
 402                 streamdata_req, video_id,
 403                 note='Downloading media info for %s' % video_format)
 404             stream_info = streamdata.find('./{default}preload/stream_info')
 405             video_encode_id = xpath_text(stream_info, './video_encode_id')
 406             if video_encode_id in video_encode_ids:
 407                 continue
 408             video_encode_ids.append(video_encode_id)
 409
 410             video_file = xpath_text(stream_info, './file')
 411             if not video_file:
 412                 continue
 413             if video_file.startswith('http'):
 414                 formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
 415                     video_file, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
 416                     m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
 417                 continue
 418
 419             video_url = xpath_text(stream_info, './host')
 420             if not video_url:
 421                 continue
 422             metadata = stream_info.find('./metadata')
 423             format_info = {
 424                 'format': video_format,
 425                 'format_id': video_format,
 426                 'height': int_or_none(xpath_text(metadata, './height')),
 427                 'width': int_or_none(xpath_text(metadata, './width')),
 428             }
 429
 430             if '.fplive.net/' in video_url:
 431                 video_url = re.sub(r'^rtmpe?://', 'http://', video_url.strip())
 432                 parsed_video_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(video_url)
 433                 direct_video_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(parsed_video_url._replace(
 434                     netloc='v.lvlt.crcdn.net',
 435                     path='%s/%s' % (remove_end(parsed_video_url.path, '/'), video_file.split(':')[-1])))
 436                 if self._is_valid_url(direct_video_url, video_id, video_format):
 437                     format_info.update({
 438                         'url': direct_video_url,
 439                     })
 440                     formats.append(format_info)
 441                     continue
 442
 443             format_info.update({
 444                 'url': video_url,
 445                 'play_path': video_file,
 446                 'ext': 'flv',
 447             })
 448             formats.append(format_info)
 449         self._sort_formats(formats)
 450
 451         metadata = self._download_xml(
 452             'http://www.crunchyroll.com/xml', video_id,
 453             note='Downloading media info', query={
 454                 'req': 'RpcApiVideoPlayer_GetMediaMetadata',
 455                 'media_id': video_id,
 456             })
 457
 458         subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, webpage)
 459
 460         # webpage provide more accurate data than series_title from XML
 461         series = self._html_search_regex(
 462             r'id=["\']showmedia_about_episode_num[^>]+>\s*<a[^>]+>([^<]+)',
 463             webpage, 'series', default=xpath_text(metadata, 'series_title'))
 464
 465         episode = xpath_text(metadata, 'episode_title')
 466         episode_number = int_or_none(xpath_text(metadata, 'episode_number'))
 467
 468         season_number = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
 469             r'(?s)<h4[^>]+id=["\']showmedia_about_episode_num[^>]+>.+?</h4>\s*<h4>\s*Season (\d+)',
 470             webpage, 'season number', default=None))
 471
 472         return {
 473             'id': video_id,
 474             'title': video_title,
 475             'description': video_description,
 476             'thumbnail': xpath_text(metadata, 'episode_image_url'),
 477             'uploader': video_uploader,
 478             'upload_date': video_upload_date,
 479             'series': series,
 480             'season_number': season_number,
 481             'episode': episode,
 482             'episode_number': episode_number,
 483             'subtitles': subtitles,
 484             'formats': formats,
 485         }
 486
 487
 488 class CrunchyrollShowPlaylistIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
 489     IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll:playlist'
 490     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?P<prefix>www|m)\.)?(?P<url>crunchyroll\.com/(?!(?:news|anime-news|library|forum|launchcalendar|lineup|store|comics|freetrial|login))(?P<id>[\w\-]+))/?(?:\?|$)'
 491
 492     _TESTS = [{
 493         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/a-bridge-to-the-starry-skies-hoshizora-e-kakaru-hashi',
 494         'info_dict': {
 495             'id': 'a-bridge-to-the-starry-skies-hoshizora-e-kakaru-hashi',
 496             'title': 'A Bridge to the Starry Skies - Hoshizora e Kakaru Hashi'
 497         },
 498         'playlist_count': 13,
 499     }, {
 500         # geo-restricted (US), 18+ maturity wall, non-premium available
 501         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/cosplay-complex-ova',
 502         'info_dict': {
 503             'id': 'cosplay-complex-ova',
 504             'title': 'Cosplay Complex OVA'
 505         },
 506         'playlist_count': 3,
 507         'skip': 'Georestricted',
 508     }, {
 509         # geo-restricted (US), 18+ maturity wall, non-premium will be available since 2015.11.14
 510         'url': 'http://www.crunchyroll.com/ladies-versus-butlers?skip_wall=1',
 511         'only_matching': True,
 512     }]
 513
 514     def _real_extract(self, url):
 515         show_id = self._match_id(url)
 516
 517         webpage = self._download_webpage(self._add_skip_wall(url), show_id)
 518         title = self._html_search_regex(
 519             r'(?s)<h1[^>]*>\s*<span itemprop="name">(.*?)</span>',
 520             webpage, 'title')
 521         episode_paths = re.findall(
 522             r'(?s)<li id="showview_videos_media_[0-9]+"[^>]+>.*?<a href="([^"]+)"',
 523             webpage)
 524         entries = [
 525             self.url_result('http://www.crunchyroll.com' + ep, 'Crunchyroll')
 526             for ep in episode_paths
 527         ]
 528         entries.reverse()
 529
 530         return {
 531             '_type': 'playlist',
 532             'id': show_id,
 533             'title': title,
 534             'entries': entries,
 535         }